1 Introduction Women as Political Leaders: Does Gender Matter? Michael. Genovese Hering te ip od its fond ele se oe 0 leadership sgt coneta esdasipis ent than poe eden equi allowes leadership can be ered (Dough nor avas eee feod judgnt ithe eye good lesderip leneehip izations sd oat oriented (ny soup go) budget tac oe flea ws to underandng ad pre ‘of gender and leadership. One reason is that unl recent years, very fee deep hat cn adn theory bull2+ MicaelA Genre Lender kero mre han vt fe ld. complex pe nomenon eeroving around nfence—be aby move ote in de ‘ed rections. Sac lade ae thar who can ae fl vantage oftheir portant aod ce alfonso scr he ae ‘ie suai. thesetton of power the pla aarp yest ‘ynumic of floes an param factors fine the oppetue forthe exis of deri The leaders, polite semen, chars te tent and personal arte provides bebo repre of sla Opportunies il nett deere the srt ee Sep end ud inn, ‘WOMEN IN PoLIICs ‘oben, comparatively fw women ie potion of pol lea rsp ts pens the ast polite oo. Ins eos culul mpe ‘om af polis kendra Blond (194) conlades tat nde ae ‘verelingh ale” p28), Blondel study of word ener than -€054 fants were waren [pp 216-17) Ar Lind K, Richer (G980-1981) wri, “Male dominance ae ben eine lw td “utom, Polis othe poi ofthe poly as ben presumed to be “natural phe oe men tl for women to the ext ey a spuce fuel hr ow he trl spre a preruned obe pre 29, Tn rece years tis beget change (Dolan, Desa, & Swe 2010, Scho ce thre ao1 ha led to sadorepsenaton of ‘women in public ofr polis secalzaionsteation/ sutra fr, tnd active dsininaton agit women (Hedlom, 1987, pp 1-15, ‘These and peop her Gtr, have hep wore atthe suring of pail power Han 2007, chp WOMEN AS LEADERS ‘The above nowithsandng, some women ave anf become th ciel socas a hi countries inthe ore Wild War I er he aber of sch nes and theft hat they have ocured in diese ten 0 ‘eciees under vig pola onions lea, we bbe, 0 0 On losin Thea ht dap the persistence ars adda {nd patina eels ores wl continue to emerge a cit ete lie prwiog montero cunt at yes of stein Tost ples ‘et eds the seo contin that thee of momen postons of pone the pedorsnce i of ad thir impact on tsi atte [Spe or stall ana and deere ctf enton fiom plies “The dy of worn in endersip postions parila 2 the high ‘st eel of decison malng in» se, promis fo conte our ndetsding of bath gender split lind so pally c= vant arable apd he polis ofthe dun ede The olen far cottons to mule rn fig yp of tae Fl of gender statis nd women and plc (ep 1983) ‘en th prion wh achieves plead res ena hep ‘aad personal biography bth alow a fc steton tthe nerpay ‘of peretions expectations nepetions fe experiences tharae up te soci finn a ely s"spoeopate” pnd le (Gare Lng, 1983; Conway, ur, & St 989), Te Ine sed ‘ares of momen wo hve Beaded ration fers unigue vantage pi ‘the role of gander in plc fe, The prevence gener that eades ave cdi he cin wo thetop The depth 08 esky of rer streonypes ucome cle kon hoy ain at add ‘healer they hoe ached he nt oil postin ‘Thascent of sy person power whiney alo by non, sare and exact event The pli! lenders bogey andre ‘aa al ident and hgh hy etre of ola sytem Fare, when ears sharply erent i animate and abo ay fn her pees allows an ivr tof popes shout the ‘endangers of parte pola stem ad soou he necesay ‘onions leader bn err The emergence fs woman hen of {ovecrmens ay be both tad ear ra change sd undone ‘a site inthe Usebuton of poi! power ete me ad women (God, 2010 ap. “focus onthe mpc of «pono gender on poli acer con sho lp cacy and efoe the potest contbuon of gender to Uundesanding politcal bevor Within sytem. The sory fs wontew pomer wes he encour with the obsessions end “heron tht ea ambtiou per io he soy a wel tbe ‘un hat ny ers an alt maybe ele to deur ‘Sem Bat hor ew lo ooate the tinct barrirs eden of mara (Gen & reage 197, pp. 6-7) and perhaps ll 1 delpiag gener specie reures or ratgiHooveteae ther (Levens ery, 1987). very pla syste mits oppetany ane cut terolay wey or overt exeting ss of iat huesbsed ‘ bakgound oc dnepripic tats The exer of scent woes ‘in Suse he et 9 wbich pend al, ty ina ir iting condion npr sce Toth ett hat os ripe tits eve» peep fio and dria ais everyone we ‘Shs th they ae ender neta Any spent for ener poison ‘ant Jeo stat to aecome he And seme he prcondtons {or plc race oye oe relate gender newt Thee ae, for eumplsae ee, lous ab repeal Disesopcte in many foci there acest to pole power and carers ‘Ste of he peonins fx soca oa ayn may appear app cable to pram bt ive dlerental econ ben and women. Foe ‘enpis.nthe United Str tee snnwa cle preference frente ‘ih presale spouse ad one or motechen. Tis sa consideration [th mle nd mal cohen and scan be seen an pterai fate ithe ee tie given the il pean expectation tat women Innethe nj pena for dering and fly maloteance te Drip vor of pod ni propl” ae eandbne poner ation ‘gendered consi on the plizly ambitious worn (Catal ox 2009. "Toe pcs of ciety hat rnin ely om he is fg er ae ien tht ita de le by the expres fase women tt fe them. The met ves ees uve etext tds hat “Isparage woman spl ofa leaders oF econ aks. the ‘ilietntionsbve Snares the mpl reins alate that pies realy"s me’ wel coc the epee of other bon women sugges tat here ee elig ailing «woman to rise ofr bu 9 hes any woman Who ‘spies we the top Usui of the eased order The woman Who ‘oer reac thetop mut have ound ey aroundar orerthe elon ‘as aed hus potently undies ‘Theimyct of he recs woman cer onli sd expesations bout gees wil vy Sci withthe ett o wich eee ht oferta poder in power Ifa womaa teas ose fe ‘op of he ete she bgie ber pla ree bec she ee er ton and staus rom ber pret fan, o beau ae ba ried "trough close oition with her hsb, hen observer with on ‘Sous oF uneoreiusltrsti peerang gender ba inthe pit System my dount her merely os aora unl tae repeated ot eribte he suze to aly or pe rth ta ern lead ‘Hors: Bu the more seth wom kadar resembles thot hele clleguc, the are dou for obser oc ep aon hat challenge evelorionary aston. “The cer of woman who bere head of goseranet wil hae be feed by and have an fect upon her contemporary expectations ‘nd serotype A poliealyambidovs onan cannot sap the ons ‘uence of sol bie that gender rence ply wean She ‘ut come one undetatanding of ers person and ba pil gue that esas rapes or press the elon betwen hes mer ing slew a eapabe of unctoning elena at the ight pli lees the peerless nor sy oe worn Tostha compecenc. Repel ofhow he arden opt ‘eer oly she mst eo develop stp fo dling wh hem a Sratgiapet of her care base aes mayne! 9 hein er of ender Aten mean evereamig or canting ects Tron balla of the lately crf plea adr he ly ta ear apparent Tbs ft st en we igh expec her ania aon serotype of women w oak or dan opponents "We nus remember ha sacs women pot ears ae eat phenomenon Throughout hitor. een hin worn genera ne teen ealeded fom pole omer, ne inva ave sensed gre inlence Several queens rental grep the hte ofthe ou ir therehave bats banda of exracanary momen warts (er, 1988) andere hare een anor who weed nese pone sag ‘hae rdatonships vo King emperors But thet more experienced bez by usog wlth opportunites and resourced y soy ‘ined ad sanctioned gender rl, could dened by cntempo ner nique individu xed tines.