Pre - Eliminary Design

1 Perencanaan Atap
1 Data - Data perencanaan
Data Atap
Fungsi Bangunan : Gudang
Jenis Atap : Seng Glombang
Tebal : 5 mm
Berat : 10 kg/m2
Jarak Miring Gording : 116 cm
Jarak Antar Kuda-Kuda (J) : 585 cm 5.85 m
Sudut Kemiringan Atap : 18 0 rad = 0.31416
Beban Tekanan Angin : 30 kg/m2
Beban Hidup Terpusat, PL : 100 kg
Tingi Kolom (h1) : 900 cm 9 m
Bentang Kuda Kuda (L) : 2200 cm 22 m
Bentang Sisi Miring Setengah Kuda" : 1157 cm 11.566 m
Jumlah Gording : 11 buah

1 Perencanaan Dimensi Gording

1.2.1 Perencanaan Profil Canal untuk Gording Dengan ukuran :

wf 100 x 50 x 5 x 7
A = 11.85 cm2 tf = 7 mm Sx = 41.8 cm3
W = 9.30 kg/m Ix = 187 cm4 Sy = 8.9 cm3
H = 100 mm Iy = 14.8 cm4
B= 50 mm tw = 5 mm
iy = 1.12 cm ix = 3.98 cm
Zx = (b x tf) x (H - tf) + tf x (0,5 x H - tf) x (0,5 x H - tf)
= 350 x 93 + 7 x 43 x 43
= 45,493 cm3

Mutu Baja = BJ 34
fu = 3400 kg/cm2 = 340 MPa
fy = 2200 kg/cm2 = 220 MPa

1.2.2 Perencanaan Pembebanan

1.2.2.1 Perhitungan Beban
Beban Mati
Berat Gording = 9.3 kg/m
Berat Seng Glombang = w x l
= 10 x 1.157 = 11.566 kg/m
Berat Total = 20.866 kg/m
alat Pengikat dll 10 % = 0.1 x 20.86608 = 2.0866 kg/m
qD = 22.953 kg/m

Beban Hidup
Beban Terbagi Rata = (40 - 0.8 a) = 40 - 14.4 = 20 kg/m2
q = 20 kg/m2
qL = jarak gording horisontal x q = 1.100 x 20.00 = 15.275 kg/m

Beban Hidup Terpusat, PL = 100 kg

Beban Angin
Tekanan Angin (W) = 30 kg/m2
Koefisien Angin (C) tekan = (0.02 a - 0.4) = -0.04
Angin Tekan = C x W = -1.2 kg/m2
Angin Hisap = 0,4 x W = 12 kg/m2 (menentukan = q)
q = jrk gording horisontal x angin hisap = 1.100 x 12.00 = 9.165 kg/m

Beban Mati + Beban Hidup > dari Beban Angin Hisap : 22.9527 + 15.275 > 9.165
Beban Angin Hisap tidak perlu diperhitungkan ==> qw = -1.2 x 1.100 = -1.320

1.2.2.2 Perhitungan Momen Akibat Beban thp Sbx dan Sby

Beban Mati
MXD = 1/8 (qD x cosa) L2 = 0.125 x ( 22.95269 x 0.951 x 34.223 )= 93.3817 kgm
MYD = 1/8(qDxsina xL/3)2 = 0.125 x( 22.95269 x 0.309 x 3.80 )= 3.37128 kgm

Beban Hidup Terbagi Rata

MXLD = 1/8 (qL x cosa) L2 = 0.125 x( 15.27456 x 0.951 x 34.223 )= 81.3688 kgm
MYL = 1/8(qLxsinaxL/3)2 = 0.125 x( 15.27456 x 0.309 x 3.80 )= 2.24352 kgm

Beban Hidup Terpusat

MXL = 1/4 (qL x cosa) L = 0.25 x( 100 x 0.951 x 5.85 )= 139.092 kgm
MYL = 1/4(qL x sina)(L/3) = 0.25 x( 100 x 0.309 x 1.95 )= 15.0646 kgm

Beban Angin Terbagi Rata

MXW = 1/8 x qw x L = 0.125 x -1.320 x 34.2225 = -5.6467 kgm

1.2.2.3 Besar Momen Berfaktor ( Mu = 1.2 MD + 1.6 ML + 0.8 MW )

* Mu Beban Mati ,Beban Angin dan Beban Hidup Terbagi Rata
Sumbu X Sumbu Y
MD = 93.382 kgm MD = 3.371 kgm
ML = 81.369 kgm ML = 2.244 kgm
Mw = -5.6467 kgm

MUX = 1.2 x 93.382 + 1.6 x 81.368829 + 0.8 x -5.64671 = 237.73

MUY = 1.2 x 3.3713 + 1.6 x 2.2435215 + 0.8 x 0 = 7.6352

* Mu Beban Mati, Beban Angin dan Beban Hidup Terpusat

Sumbu X Sumbu Y
MD = 93.382 kgm MD = 3.371 kgm
ML = 139.09 kgm ML = 15.06 kgm
Mw = -5.6467 kgm

MUX = 1.2 x 93.382 + 1.6 x 139.09202 + 0.8 x -5.64671 = 330.09

MUY = 1.2 x 3.3713 + 1.6 x 15.064578 + 0.8 x 0 = 28.149
1.3.3 Kontrol Kekuatan Profil
1.3.3.1 Penampang Profil
Untuk Sayap Untuk Badan
bf 170 h 1680
≤ ≤
2 tf fy tw fy
50 170 100 1680
≤ ≤
2 7 220 5 220
3.57 ≤ 11.46 20.0 ≤ 113.3
OK OK
Kesimpulan : Tidak terjadi rotasi bahaya TEKUK LOKAL

Penampang Profil Kompak, maka Mnx = Mpx

Mnx = Mpx = Zx . Fy = 45,493 x 2200 = 1,000,846 Kgm

1.3.3.2 Kontrol Lateral Buckling

Jarak Baut Pengikat / pengaku lateral = LB = 350 mm = 35 cm

E
LP = 1.76 x iY x
fy
200000
= 1.76 x 1.12 x = 59.43 cm
220

Ternyata : LB < LP maka : Mnx = Mpx

Mnx = Mpx = Zx . Fy = 45,493 x 2200 = 1,000,846 Kgm

Mny = Zy ( satu sayap ) * fy
= 1/4 x tf x bf2 x fy
= 0.25 x 0.7 x 52 x 2200 = 9625 kgcm
= 96.25 kgm

1.3.3.3 Persamaan Iterasi

Mux Muy
+ ≤ 1
fb . Mnx fb . Mny

Beban Mati , Beban Angin dan Beban Hidup Terbagi Rata

237.731 7.635
+ ≤ 1
0.9 x 1000846 0.9 x 86.625
0.00026 + 0.09793 ≤ 1
0.10 ≤ 1 OK

Beban Mati , Beban Angin dan Beban Hidup Terpusat

330.088 28.149
+ ≤ 1
0.9 x 1000846 0.9 x 96.25
0.00033 + 0.32495
0.32528 ≤ 1 OK
1.3.3.4 Kontrol Lendutan Profil
L 585
Lendutan Ijin f = = = 3.25 cm
180 180

Lendutan Akibat Beban Merata (1)

5 qD + L cos a L4 5 x 0.38227 x 0.951057 x 585
fx = x =
384 E x Ix 384 x 2000000 x 187
= 1.4824 cm

5 qD + L sin a (L/3)4 5 x 0.38227 x 0.309017 x 195

fy = x =
384 E x Iy 384 x 2000000 x 14.8
= 0.0751 cm

Lendutan Akibat Beban Terpusat (2)

1 P cos a L3 1 x 100 x 0.951057 x 585
fx = x =
384 E x Ix 384 x 2000000 x 187
= 0.1326 cm
1 P sin a (L/3) 3 1 x 100 x 0.309017 x 195
fy = x =
384 E x Iy 384 x 2000000 x 14.8
= 0.0202 cm

Lendutan Akibat Beban Angin merata (3)

5 qW cos a L4 5 x -0.012 x 0.951057 x 585
fx = x =
384 E x Ix 384 x 2000000 x 187
= -0.0465 cm

5 qW sin a (L/3)4 5 x -0.012 x 0.309017 x 195

fy = x =
384 E x Iy 384 x 2000000 x 14.8
= -0.002359 cm

Lendutan total yang terjadi

ftot = fx2 + fy2 = (fx1 + fx2 + fx3)2 + (fy1 + fy2 + fy3)2

= ( 1.4824 + 0.1326 + -0.05 )2 +( 0.0751348 + 0.02016 + -0.00236 )2

¿
ftot = 1.5712 cm < fijin = 3.25 cm OK
1.4 Perencanaan Penggantung Gording
1.4.1 Data Penggantung Gording
Jarak Antar Kuda - Kuda (L) = 585 cm
Jumlah Penggantung Gording = 2 buah
Jumlah Gording = 11 buah
Jarak Penggantung gording = 195 cm

1.4.2 Perencanaan Pembebanan

Beban Mati
Berat Sendiri Gording = 9.3 kg/m
Berat Seng Glombang = 11.5661 kg/m
= 20.8661 kg/m
Alat Pengikat dll 10 % = 0.1 x 20.86608 = 2.08661 kg/m
qD = 22.9527 kg/m

RD = qD x sina x L / 3
= 22.953 x 0.309 x 1.95 = 13.831 kg

Beban Hidup
Beban Terbagi Rata = (40 - 0.8 a) = 40 - 0.8 = 20 kg/m2
q = 20 kg/m2
qL = jarak gording horisontal x q = 1.100 x 20.00 = 22 kg/m
RL = qL x sina x L / 3
= 22 x 0.309 x 1.95 = 13.257 kg

Beban Terpusat = PL = 100 kg

RL = PL x sina
= 100.0 x 0.309 = 30.902 kg

Beban Angin
Angin Tekan = q = -1.2 kg/m2
qW = jarak gording horisontal x q = 1.100 x -1.20 = -1.32 kg/m
RW = qW x sina x L / 3
= -1.32 x 0.309 x 1.95 = -0.795 kg

1.4.3 Perhitungan Gaya

1.4.3.1 Penggantung Gording Tipe A (Lurus)
RA = 1.2 RD + 1.6 RL + 0.8 RW
= 1.2 x 13.8 + 1.6 x ( 13.3 + 30.9 ) + 0.8 x -0.8
= 86.61 kg
RA total = Ra x jumlah Gording = 86.61 x 11 = 952.76 kg
1.4.3.2 Penggantung Gording Tipe B (Miring)
panjang miring gording 115.66084
arctan b = = = 0.59313
L / 3 195
b= 30.6736 o
RA 952.76
RB = = = 1867.619 kg
sin b sin 30.6736
Pu = RB = 1867.619 kg
BJ 34 fu = 3400 kg/cm2
fy = 2200 kg/cm2

1.4.4.1 Kontrol Leleh

Pu = φ . fy . Ag ; dengan φ = 0.9

Ag perlu = Pu = 1867.619
= 0.943 cm2
j fy 0.9 x 2200
 Tidak Menentukan
1.4.4.2 Kontrol Putus
Pu = φ . fu . 0,75 Ag ; dengan φ = 0.75

Ag perlu = Pu = 1867.619
= 0.97653 cm2
j fu 0.75 0.75 x 3400 x 0.75
Menentukan
Ag perlu = 1/4 . p . d2
Ag x 4 0.976533 x 4
d = = = 1.1151 cm
p p

==> Pakai d = 12 mm
Kesimpulan : Jadi Pakai Besi Bulat Diameter 12 mm

1.4.5 Kontrol Kelangsingan

Jarak Penggantung Gording = 195 cm

Panjang Rb = (jarak penggantung gording)2 + (panjang miring gording)2

= 195 2 + 115.6608 2
= 226.721 cm

Cek : Panjang Rb
d >
500
226.72
1.2 >
500
1 > 0.4534 OK
1.5 Perencanaan Ikatan Angin Atap
1.5.1 Data Perencanaan Ikatan Angin Atap
Tekanan Angin W = 30 kg/m2
Koefisien Angin Ctekan = 0.9
Koefisien Angin Chisap = 0.4
a= 18 0 = 0.31416 rad

1.5.2 Perhitungan Gaya - Gaya yang Bekerja

R = 1/2 . W . C . a . h
R1 = 0.50 x 30 x 0.9 x 2.1 x 9.00 = 255.15 kg
R2 = 0.50 x 30 x 0.9 x 3.8 x 9.50 = 487.35 kg
R3 = 0.50 x 30 x 0.9 x 3.8 x 10.60 = 543.78 kg
Rtotal = 1286.280 kg
1.5.3 Perencanaan Dimensi Ikatan Angin
1.5.3.1 Menghitung gaya Normal
380
tg φ = = 0.65
585
φ = 33.007 0

R1 = 255.15 kg
Rtotal = 1286.280 kg
Gaya Normal Gording Akibat Angin Dimana untuk angin tekan C = 0.9
dan untuk angin hisap C = 0.4
Chisap x Rtotal
N =
Ctekan
0.4 x 1286.280
= = 571.68 kg
0.9

1.5.3.2 Menghitung gaya Pada Titik Simpul

Pada Titik Simpul A
ΣV = 0
Rtotal + S1 = 0 ===> S1 = - Rtotal ===> S1 = -1286.28 kg
ΣH = 0
S2 = 0
Pada Titik Simpul B
EV = 0
R1 + S1 +S3 Cos j = 0
S3 = -( R1 - S1 ) -( 255.15 - -1286 )
=
cos j cos 33.00665
S3 = -1838.083 kg
1.5.4 Perencanaan Batang Tarik
Pu = S3 x 1.6 x 0.75 = -1838.08 x 1.6 x 0.75 = -2205.700 kg
BJ 37 fu = 3400 kg/cm 2

fy = 2200 kg/cm2

1.5.4.1 Kontrol Leleh

Pu = φ . fy . Ag ; dengan φ = 0.9

Ag perlu = Pu = 2205.700
= 1.114 cm2
j fy 0.9 x 2200
Tidak Menentukan

1.5.4.2 Kontrol Putus

Pu = φ . fu . 0,75 Ag ; dengan φ = 0.75

Ag perlu = Pu = 2205.700
j = 1.15331 cm2
fu 0.75 0.75 x 3400 x 0.75
Menentukan
Ag perlu = 1/4 . p . d2
Ag x 4 1.153307 x 4
d = = = 1.2118 cm
 d = = = 1.2118 cm
p p

==> Pakai d = 13 mm
Kesimpulan : Jadi Pakai Besi Bulat Diameter 13 mm

1.5.5 Kontrol Kelangsingan

Jarak kuda-kuda = 585 cm

Panjang S3 = (jarak kuda-kuda)2 + (jarak miring gording)2

= 585 2 + 115.7 2
= 596.324 cm

Cek : Panjang S3
d >
500
596.32
1.3 >
500
1.3 > 1.1926 OK
1.6 Perencanaan Gording Ujung
1.6.1 Perencanaan Pembebanan Mntx , Mnty dan Gaya Normal Akibat Angin
Gording Ini adalah Balok Kolom. Akibat beban mati dan beban hidup Menghasilkan Momen Lentur
Besaran Diambil Dari Perhitungan Gording

Mntx = MUX (1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.8 W) x 0.75 = 330.088 x 0.75 = 247.566 kgm
Mnty = MUY (1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.8 W) x 0.75 = 28.149 x 0.75 = 21.112 kgm
Nu = 1.6 x Rtotal (dari ikatan angin atap) x 0.75 = 1,543.536 kg

1.6.2 Perencanaan Profil Gording Ujung

wf 100 x 50 x 5 x 7
A = 11.85 cm2 tf = 7 mm Sx = 41.8 cm3
W = 9.3 kg/m Ix = 187 cm4 Sy = 8.94 cm3
d = 100 mm Iy = 14.8 cm4
bf = 50 mm tw = 5 mm
iy = 1.12 cm ix = 3.98 cm

Mutu Baja = BJ 34
fu = 3400 kg/cm2 = 340 Mpa
fy = 2200 kg/cm2 = 220 Mpa

1.6.3 Kontrol Tekuk Profil

Lkx 585
Lkx = 585 cm ==> λx = = = 146.985
ix 3.98
p2 . E . A p 2 x 2000000 x 11.85
Ncrbx = =
lx 2 147.0 2
= 10,826.86 kg

Lkx 35
Lky = 35 cm ==> λy = = = 31.250
iy 1.12
p2 . E . A p 2 x 2000000 x 11.85
Ncrby = =
ly 2 31.25 2
= 239,523.46 kg

Tekuk Kritis adalah arah X, Karena λx > λy

lx fy 146.985 2200
lc = =
3.1415
x
2000000
= 1.55179
p E

w= 2.287

Ag x fy 11.85 x 2200
Pn = w = = 11399.213 kg
2.2870

Pu 1543.536
= = 0.1593 < 0.2 (Pu = Nu)
f Pn 0.85 x 11399.213

Pakai Rumus =
Pu Mux Muy
fc . Pn + fb + fb ≤
2 x x Mnx x Mny
 1.6.4 Perhitungan Faktor Pembesaran Momen
Gording dianggap tidak bergoyang, maka :

Mux = Mntx . Sbx Cmx

Sbx = ≥ 1
Nu
1 - ( )
Ncrbx
Untuk elemen Beban Tranversal, ujung sederhana
Cmx = 1
1
Sbx = = 1.16627
1543.536
1 - ( )
10826.86

Sbx = 1.16627 > 1

Sbx = 1.16627

Muy = Mnty * Sby Cmy

Sby = ≥ 1
Nu
1 - ( )
Ncrby
Untuk elemen Beban Tranversal, ujung sederhana
Cmy = 1
1
Sby = = 1.00649
1543.536
1 - ( )
239523.46

Sby = 1.00649 > 1

Sby = 1.00649

1.6.5 Perhitungan Momen Ultimate Sbx dan Sby

Mux = Sbx . Mntx = 1.1663 x 247.566 = 288.729 kgm
Muy = Sby . Mnty = 1.0065 x 21.112 = 21.249 kgm

1.6.6 Perhitungan Persamaan Interaksi

Mnx = 1,000,846 kgm Mny = 96.25 kgm

Pu Mux Muy
+ + ≤ 1
2 x fc x Pn fb x Mnx fb x Mny
1543.536 288.729 21.249
+ + ≤
2 x 0.85 x 11399.213 0.9 x 1000846 0.9 x 96.25
0.325266 ≤ 1
OK
tukan = q)

kg/m

kgm
kgm

kgm
kgm
4

4
1
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