Systems

 ‘system’ : a certain portion of the universe within a

closed surface.
 system: solid, liquid, or gas, or a collection of
magnetic dipoles, or photons in a vacuum.
 the boundary of the system: real or imaginary
 Isolated system: dQ=0, dW=0, and dN=0
therefore U, V, and N are constant.
Statistical physics isolated systems
 Closed system: dQ  0, dW  0, and dN=0
Thermodynamics  closed system
 Thermodynamics vs Statistical Physics

 Thermodynamics:
is a phenomenological theory of matter.
draws its concepts directly from experiments.

 Statistical physics:
concerns with the properties of matter in equilibrium (does not
change with time) used in thermodynamics.
derives all the equilibrium properties of a macroscopic molecular
system from the laws of molecular dynamics.
applies statistical considerations to find the distribution of the
very large number of molecules that make up a macroscopic
piece of matter over the energy states of the system.
A guide to Sistem N partikel identik dalam kesetimbangan
Volum V, Temperatur T.

statistical physics
Apakah partikel-partikel ‘tidak’ saling berinteraksi ?

Ya Tidak

Apakah partikel berkelakuan konsep Ensemble

seperti molekul gas?

Tidak Ya

32
N  h2 
Gunakan statistik klasik A    <<1 ?
V  2mkT 
terbedakan

Ya Tidak

Gunakan statistik M-B Apakah  asimetri (A) atau

simetri (S) ?

asimetri simetri

Gunakan stat. F-D Gunakan stat. B-E