{ Garey bieeex Paiosore? i Toate Barwes eof « Tewoun 1987+ 9 PARMENIDES~* Parmeides, sm of Pye, come from Elka, a Grek foundation in southern Lay, He was ofa male fy, aise that te ‘Organized his own country by the bes laws, so tht each yea the ctizensstll ge theofficial wo swear that they wil abide by Parmenides laws (Plutarch, Against Coles 1120.0). Hs date are uncertain: the Grech chronicles fu his tr 540 8, bul assagein Pla (which wl be gute the chapteron Zena suggests that he wat brn abn! 515. ‘According t Diogenes Laci, He was pupil of Xenophanes bt dd not follow him. He was ko associated. (as. Sotion said) with Amini, son of Diochaitas, the Pythagorean, 2 poor man but of good charac: ter, twas rather Ameinias that he followed, ad when he died he setup a shrine for him, since he cae from famous and wealthy Family, and he wa let calm by Amenins and not by Xenophanes (iogenes Laerius, Lives of th Philsophers IX 21) ‘The tary about Amcnis hat led some scholar to ak (in vain) for Pythagorean element in Paredes thought. Pavone produced one short work arin nail ht ‘rae, A subantal proportion of pm survives. opened with a fowl prologue, ter wich the main ody ofthe wer divided ino ‘uw parts the fit prt, the Way of Truth, goer Parmer eum ‘ews about the true nature of eal, the send part, the Way of Opinion, faleted the radon lenien pattern of works On Nate, 129The polo end of he Way of Tra suroive here are fa mens ofthe Way of Opin shold besa the ue hat Parmenidspoem sin mary a ‘a bisarre and puasing production, Fle resets account the sec Dal of whit the Way of Opinion, anf ‘deci fae, ‘and he doesnt cleary explain why he has writen these is. Th Way (of Truh na ied to be dee, bu th ws advoeats ae peradaical nthe etree. Moreover, Parmovias is never ey fuer His meoing i rarely plain toh ft glance, and some line of the poem are cbicare lo the point of nny. There are lo tual uncertain, Nonetheless, Parmeides had, rg the ‘nein of Plato, a orice Snlcnce om the corse of tern plilsepy. The prologue is presen by Sets Emre, ho aio offs an geil rpc of Parmer were which shall at re Xenophanes' friend Parmenides condemned the reason ‘associated with belie, which has weak opinions, and, sine he flso gave up trust in the senses, supposed that the reason ‘ssodated with knowledge, oF infalible reason, was the ert rionof ruth. Thusatthe beginning of his On Nate he writes in thi ways ‘The ait al hry mas fa my Nort iy aire ure my ecart they had guided me ond set me on he celebrated ‘ad eft go which carves the man oftledge®. «© ‘There was big carve for here th wis mares were carrying training ot the char, end maidens were lading he wey ‘The asl in the ele-box roared fram its ace. iad — forts dren ony whirling tube on ether ideo the maiden, daughir of hs, Ina to est it having eft the haus of Night forthe light and sed back wit their hands te wi fom heir ‘has “Here ar the goes ofthe pth of Nigh ond Day, nda intl ad atone thecal nc he, 130 “They thee, gh her, re filed ret dor, ted all awn Jutta lerate hes Merthe dns appeased wih sf wr ‘hf Puig her ph back orem he bled Br swf om te pater, The fw back nd wade a oning gop bce te das, singing in rn in tok the bose os, i th og and ins. Ad rough them Mrnaie hid oar ond mae igh othe iho. nd te goa paca recede aking srg hadi ey and sete ond dred me oun man, companion he tnortl arias wi be marsh car ou com om, Teectyoe, For eel few tending yu ase ‘sea for den for fom Bead of en) tight ones Yom ear lags, {eth waning hot of ese rath ted opin fo ch hee rae te sta Epics Api he Mitemains VIL 114) Simplicio to rhein: Parmenides says: Yow mst or al digs, both te savering het of wel rounded th (and he opinions of rt which there ism re ras ‘But nevertheles oiler thee hings a0 how wha stems ‘had eli oBe, ore traversing everthing. (0 128-32] (Simplicius, Commentary on On the Hooves 557:84-558.2) A couplet fom the prologue is quoted by Pocus, ho then cites farther eight es: Plato explicitly disinguishes different types of reason and Knowledge, corresponding to the differen objects of knon- Tedge. Parmenides to, though bis poetry makes him obscure, nevertheless points inthis dinecion himself when he says 3ath the wnoavering heart of leit rth ‘andthe opinion of mail: i shich there i no. true tt {3 129-30), and again But come, Fw ll you = preserve the account when ou hear ‘the ony rods of enuiy thee at be thought of: one that sand cant nl be, ‘the gtk of persuasion (for trathacompanie i) ‘nother, thats at and mat nat be ~ Ant 19903080 deed of alowed [23-6] Fr yo could nt recognia at sich isnt (for isnot to be ‘done, or eval sou mention [8 2:7-8) (Proxtus, Commentary om the Timacs 1 345:11~27) {ote tan 1.29 Sexy Sips end Proc atch diferent Adjetieste n ra) Th halfling m3 con bcompton ical and pay, bys al. prserideke ‘Atan earlier date, Parmenides to touched bmn this doctrine ‘nasmuchasheienied beingand thoughtand dd nocloste being in sensible objec, He said ‘Forth same things can be ought of and ca be (8 §) (Potinus, Exmvade Vi 8) The net surviving kins of the poem can be atc together from (uw seporat passages in Splice, One of th, which semble {fe shr quetatios from Paredes, includes thee sentences ‘That there is one and the same account of everything, the account of what is, Parmenides states in the folowing words What for being ad fer thinking mst efor it ean be, sd nating eon not [1-2 ‘Now ifwhateverznyonesaysor thinks isbeing then there will bbe one account of everything, the account of what (Simplicius, Cammendory en the Physics 8625-30) 32 The second posing gins hy rong 2 exe for he fs line) and ties Us "That contradiciories are not trve together he shows in the verses in which he finds fiule with those. who” identity opposite. For having si for it can be, and nothing cam no. This bid ou sy. or fom ths fst ead of nur you, [a 6-1-3) cheadde> nd he from the rad along which mortal who hae nothing ‘wonder, wo-headed; for inte in their treat guides their erring mind. And they are Bore along aie def and Bind, amece,sndcering ers, {forihom to be and nota be are deemed the same ad nol the sae al he ath of al tar back on itself 64-91 (iid 117 2-19) ‘A continuous passage of sme sty vers, which includes per haps the ale of the Way of Truth, can be put together fom tee sources. The fist ta ine ae quae by Spi, anda, mich ‘ark, by Pt ‘When we were bos, my boy, the great Parmenides would te Aify agains this {namely the view that whatis nti] from begin- ring to end, constaily saying both in prose and in verse that Never wll ks preva, tha ha i at restrain our dhaught from this ead of ing (87.1-2) (ato, Sophit 2378) Plas quotation coined by Set (hough Sextus isl ques the bine thaugh here cnn with 8): ‘Reran your thought from tio of nuiry, (and do nat et caso, bud on muck experience, frceyou long ised, nein unabervant ey and echoing ear 135