Construction and Design of Cable-Stayed Bridges Second Edition Walter Podolny, Jr., Ph.D. and John B. Scalzi, Sc.D. A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto SingaporeSeries Preface "The Wiley Series of Practical Gonstruetion Guides provides the working constructor with up-to-date in- formation that can help to increase the job profit mar- gin, These guidebooks, which are sealed mainly for practice, but include the necessary theory and design, should aid a construction contractor in approaching ‘work problems with more knowledgeable confidence. ‘The guides should be usefil also to engineers, archi- tects, planners, specification writers, project man- agers, superintendents, materiale and equipment man lufacturers and, the source of all these callings, instructors and their students. onstruction in the United States alone will reach $250 billion a year in the early 1980s, In all nations, the business of building will continue to grow at a phenomenal rate, because the population proliferation demands new living, working, and recreational facil fies, This construction will have to be more substan= tial, thus demanding a more professional performance from the contractor. Belore science and technology had seriously affected the ideas, job plans, financing, and erection of structures, most contractors developed their know-how by field trial-and-error, Wheels, small and large, were constantly being reinvested in all sectors, because there was no interchange of knowledge. The coxerent complexity of construction, even in more rural areas, has revealed a clear need for more proficient, profetsional methods and tools in both practice and learning. Because construction is highly competitive, some practical technology is necessarily proprietary. But most practical day-to-day problems are common to the whole construction industry. These are the subjects for the Wiley Practical Construction Guides, M. D. Morris, P.E-Preface to First Edition ‘The reconstruction of bridges in Europe destroyed during World War II provided engincers with the op- portunity to apply new technology to an old concept in bridge design, the cable-stayed bridge. The impetus came in the 1950s, in Germany, when many of the bridges spanning the Rhine River were replaced with, various types of cable-stayed bridges. ‘The original concept of the cable-siayed bridge dates hack to 1784 but was “shelved” by engincers because of the many collapses of the early bridges. The need (o build bridges more economically combined with modern methods of analysis, construction methods, and more reliable construction materials. provided bridge engineess with the impetus to develop the pres- ent-day cable-stayed bridge. Beonomic studies have indicated that the cats stayed bridge may fill the void between long:span gir der bridges and suspension bridges. Some European engineers feel that the cable-stayed bridge may also replace the suspension bridge ia many applications. [2 addition to the potential economies, some engineers bclieve the cable-stayed bridge adds a new dimension to the aesthetics of bridge design, Engineers in the United States are planning and designing cable-stayed structures for pedestrian over passes, highway bridges, and bridges for pipe lines, despite the paucity of design and construction data in the American technical literature, “Phe objective of this book is to bring together in cone volume the current state of the art of design and construction methods for all types of cable-stayed bridges so that enginecring faculties, practicing engi- neets, local, state, and federal bridge engineers can have a ready reference source of construction details and design data, ‘The book discusses the general principles of cable stayed bridges, relating to all facets of technical design, construction details and methods, and potential ecan- omies, ‘The book delves into the historical development of the eable-stayed bridge from its first application to the widespread use in Germany after the war and the ex- tensions into other countries around the world. The principal features used in modern bridges receive a thorough description, including geometrical configu- rations, the cypes and styles of the towers, and the various types of roadway decks made of different ma- terials and methods. Mlustrations of bridges from various countries are discussed and accompanied by appropriate detail sketches and photographs of the special features of each, bridge. For the uninitiated design and construction engi ner, a discussion of the manufacturing and produc- tion processes of making structural wires, rope, and strand is presented. Among the most important asprets of eable-stayed bridges are the eypes and methods of making the con- nections between the cables and the deck and/or the towers. A discussion of the various methods is pre- sented to enable construction and design engineers co evaluate the techniques in terms ot American practices, and, we hope, to improve upon them. “The theory of eables and structures and methods of analysis are contained in other textbooks, and only a discussion of the special consicerations for analysis and. design arc included here, Such items include a sure mary of the general behavior of cables, a detailed ex- planation of the use of an equivalent modulus of elas- ticity for the eable as a substitute member, and a discussion of wind and acrodynamaic effects. All of thesc factors alfect the design of the cable-stayed bridge Because the methods of fabrication and erection in- fluence design characteristics and construction meth~ ods, a discussion of several possible techniques is pre~ sented. These discussions may assist engineers in developing their concepts and may Icad to more eft- cient and economical methods.