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    8 views55 pages

    Giancoli Physics6th 150219030224 Conversion Gate02 Copy - 4

    Uploaded by

    naii rapha
    gd

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 55
    1-7 Order of Magnitude Estimating (Note: Remember that for rough estimates only round numbers tre needed both as input to calculations and as final results) 24, (I) Estimate the order of magnitude (power of ten) of {a} 2800 (b) 86.30 X 10%, (e) 0.006, and (d) 15.0 % 10° (U1) Estimate how many books can he shelved in a college linrary with 3S0Mlaquare meters of floor space. Assime 8 shelves high, having books n both sides, with eoridars 1S m. ‘wide Assime hooks are abot the se of his neon average 26, (I) Estimate how many hours it would take a runner to run (at 10kr/h) across the United States from New York 1o California 27. (I) Estimate how long it would take ene person to mow 1 foothall field using an ordinary home fawn mower (Fig. 1-13), Assume the mower moves with a Tkm/h sped, and has a 0S width FIGURE 1-13. Problem 27 28. (HI) Estimate the number of ters of water a human drinks in ietime. 28, (I) Make a rough estimate ofthe volume of your body tinem 30, {l) Make a rough estate for apical suburban house fof the Sof is outside wall area that consis of window 31. (itl) The rubber wom from tres mostly enters the atmos phere ay particulate pollution. Estimate how much cub {in kg) is put into the ai inthe United States every sear Ty get started, a good estimate fora tre wea’ depth lem when new, and the density of rubber is about 1208 g/m 1-8 Dimensions =32, (I) The speed, n, of an object is given by the equation v= AN Br where ¢ refers to time What are the dimensions of A and #1? ©33, (ID) Three students derive the following equations in which "rrofers to distance traveled, the speed. a the acceleration (on/#), and ¢the time and dhe subscript (o) means a quan tity at time ¢= 0: (a) x= vi? + 2at, (8) X= mye + Sor land (c} + = 8\¢ + 2a? Which ofthese could posibiy be correct according to a dimensional check? General Problems M. Glohal positioning satellites (GIPS) ean he used to deter= mine positions with great accuracy. The system works by {dotermining the distance between the observer and each ‘of several satellites orbiting Earth, Ione of the satellites, ‘is aca distance of 20,000 km from you, what pervent accu racy in the distance is required if we desire a 2-meter uncertainty? How many significant figures do we need to have in the distance? 38, Computer chips (Fig. 1-14) are etched on circular silicon walets of thickness 0.60.mm that are sliced from a solid a cylindrical silicon exystal of length 3 em. M each waler ean hhokd 100 chips. what is the axiom “number of chips that ex be produced from one centre eylinder? FIGURE 1-14 Problem 35 The water held by the hand (above) is shown belos, ‘enlarged and illuminated by ‘colored light. Visible are rows ‘of integrated circuits (chips) 36, (a) How many seconds ate there in 1100 year? (B) How ‘many nanoseconds aro there in 1.00 year? (e) How many ‘years are there in 1.00 second? 37. A typical adult human ing contains about 30 million tiny cavities called alveoli Estimate the average diameter ‘of asingle alveolus, 88, One hectare is defined as 10'm?. One aere is 4 > 1041. How many acres are in one hectare? 539. Use Tale [-3 to estimate the total number of protons or neutzons in (a) a bacterium, (b) a DNA molecule, (e) the human body. (d) our Galaxy 40, Estimate the number ofyallons of gasoline consumed by the total of all automohite drivers in the United States per year 4L, Estimate the number of gumballs in the machine of Fig. I-15, FIGURE 1-15, Problem 41. Estimate the smumber of gumbals in the machine. General Problems 17 42, Am averaye family of four uses roughly 1200liters (about 300 gallons) of water pet das. (One liter = 1000em',) How mach depth wonld a lake lose per sear if it uniformly covered an area of SOsquare kilometers and supplied a foal town with a popalation of 40.000 people? Consider only population uses, and neglect evaporation and soon. 48, How big is 9 ton? That is what is the volume of some- thing that weiahs ton? To be specific estimate the diam- eter of 11on rodk, but fist make a wild gues: wil it be Tt across 311 oF the site of a car? [Hin Rock has mass per volume about 3 times that of wates, which is 1 ke pec Titer (10cm) or 6219 per eubic foot | 44. A heavy rainstorm dumps L.)em of rain om a city Skm ‘wide and Skm long in 4 2+ period. How many metic tons (I metri ton = 10° Ka) of Water fll on the city? [om of water has a mass of Tgram = 10"*k | How ‘many plans of water wos this? 45, Hold» pencil in front of your eve at a position where its blunt end just blocks out the Moon (Fig, 1~16) Make appropriate measurements to estimate the diameter of the Moon, given that the Earth-Moon distance is 38% 10°km FIGURE 1-16 Proiblom 4S. How big isthe Moan? 46, Estimate how many days it would take to walk sround the world, assuming 10h walking per day at km/h, 47, Noah's ark was ordered to be 3ocubits lone, SOcubits ‘wide, and 30 cubis high: The eubit was a unit of measure equal tothe length of a human forearm. elbow to the tip of the longest finger, Express the dimensions of Noah's akin meters and estimate its volume (mt) 48, One liter (100 em) of ls spilled onto a smooth lake. the oil spreads out uniformly until it makes an vil slick just_one molecnle thick, with adjacent molecules just touching. estimate the diameter of the oil slick, Assume the oil molecules have a diameter of 2% 10", “4 Jean camps beside a wide river and wonders how wide it is She spots a lange rock on the bunk directly across from, her. She then walks upstream until she judges that the angle between her and the rock, which she can sill see clearly js now at an angle of 30° downstream (Fig. 1-17). Jean measures her stride to be about one yard long. The distance back to her eamp is 12Dstrides. About how far across. both in yatds and in meters, is the Fiver? CD FIGURE 1-17 2 Problem 49. 50. A watch manufueturer claims that its watches gain oF Tose no mate than Sseconds in a year. How accurate is this watch, expressed as a percentage? SL. The diameter of the Moon is 3480 km. What isthe volume ff the Moon? How many Moons would he needed to create a volume equal to that of Earth? 52 An angstrom (symbol A) is unit of length, defined as 1). which isom the order ofthe diameter of an atom, (@) How many nanometers are in L0 angstrom? (6) How ‘many femtometers or fermis (Uhe common unit of length jin nuclear physics) are in LOangstrom? (e) How many angstroms are in 1.0 meter? (2) How many angstroms are in LUlight-year (See Problem 22)? 53. Determine the poteeat uncertainty in 9, and in sin, when (9 = 150° + 05", (6) 4 = 750" + 05° S4.1f you began walking. along one of Earth's fines of longitude and walked until you had changed latitude by ‘ minnte of are (there ate 6 minutes por dozree), how far ‘would you have walked (in miles)? This distance called nautical mile Answers to Exercises Aw), B: No:3,2, CC All thee have three significant figures, although the number of decimal places is (a) 2, (6) 3, (0) 4 Ds Mt. Everest, 290351: K2, 28251 1; Kangchenjunga, 2169. Bz No 1Sm/s © Mmi/h 18 CHAPTER 1 Introduction, Measurement, Estimating A high-speed car has released parachute to reduce its speed quickly. The directions of the e's velocity and acceleration are shown by the green (¥) and gold (@) arrows Motion is described using the eoncepts of velocity and acceleration. We see here that the acceleration ean sometimes be in the opposite sirection from the velocity ¥ We will aso examine in detail smtion with constant acceler ation, including the vertical motion of objects falling under gravity CHAPTER Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension and Moon—is an obvious part of everyday life. It was not until the ixteenth and seventeenth centuries that our moder understanding of motion was established. Many individuals contributed to this understanding, particularly Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) and Isane Newton (16421727) ‘The study of the motion of objects, and the related concepts of force and ‘energy, form the field called mechanies. Mechanics is customarily divided into ‘ovo parts: Kinematies, which is the description of how objects move, and

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