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Abstract. The monitoring and correct execution of the main activities concerning cleaning,
washing, decontamination and neutralization of the substances used for decontamination, are activities
included within HACCP system at commercial society level. The decontamination was performed
using quantitative and qualitative bacteriological tests that controlled the air, surfaces, spaces and used
instruments during production process. The highest air microbian contamination degree was recorded
in plum removing space. In evisceration and packaging rooms, the micro-organisms belonging to the
three genus were randomly emphasized on the investigated surfaces. Thus, the presence of the
staphyloccocus was mentioned only on the conveier and floor, the enteroccocus were emphasized on
conveier and work table, and colphorms on conveier and floor (evisceration spaces) and conveier and
work tables (room of delivering the final products).
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that thde degree of meat and meat products contamination, often
reflects the health status of the animals, who supply the raw material.
Between raw material, surfaces, equipments and instruments used by staff who works
in the processing unit a permanent and continuous exchage of microorganisms is produced.
At national level, even in European Union, is unanimously admitted that the hygiene
and sanitary status of production surfaces from commercial societies with agro - alimentary
profile, and animal production farms are directly reflected in quality and salubrity of animal
origin products.
In present conditions the improvement and systematic performing the microbiological
examination of the work spaces, surfaces, equipmenta and raw material are imposed. These
studies will contribute to the continuous improvement of the sanitation measurements that
must be put into practice in such situations, using decontamination methods as appropriate
possible.
The monitoring and correct execution of the main activities concerning cleaning,
washing, decontamination and neutralization of the substances used for decontamination, are
activities included within HACCP system at commercial society level.
A salubrity plan is based on the following objectives:
1. The reducing, as possible, at minimum the existant flora and organic substances that
cud favourize the microorganisms multiplication.
2. The elimination of the residuals of chemical substances that were used in actions of
washing and decontamination.
In almost all cases, the efficiency of decontamination is conditioned by a series of
factors and as consequence, after contact time, the evaluation is compulsory. It is performed
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using a series correspondent tests of sanitation, by quantitative and qualitative microbiological
examinations, which reveal the modality of performing the requested operations.
The objective of te investigation is represented by the establishing of the critical
points with high microbial contamination risk in commercial societies and modality of putting
into practice the sanitation methods used in the end of the work programme, which could
influence the cleaning state (sanitation) of work surfaces, spaces and instruments.
The average of the microbial charge of the air before and after decontamination was
finnaly calculated. Then both obtained values were reported and the efficiency of
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decontamination operation efficiency was estimated, resulting the reducing degree of the
microbial charge by volume unity.
This is a relative method, because it does not supply the possibility of pathogen germ
identification, entirely.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
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All data presented in table 1 demonstrate that the air microbialcharge is high both
befre and after decontamination. No work spaces have values of the microorganism charge
within present standards (600 bacteria/m3 and 300 micromycetes/m3 air).
Beforedecontamination, the number of the microorganisms from the slaughter space
was of 21,500/ m3 air in bacteria, and for mycetes, it was of 14,166 m3 air.
In the hall of carcass storage, the number of the emphasized germs within the same
volume unity, had very big values. Thus, the total number of bacteria from a cube meter of air
was of 322,250/ m3 air, by 536 folds higher than admitted maximum limit, and micro-mycetes
recorded values up to 226,879 UFC/m3 air.
The highest air microbian contamination degree was recorded in plum removing space
(Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The bacterial charge of the plume removing hall: before and after decontamination
Fig. 2. The dynamics of the micro-air-flora from the spaces of sodium hydroxide decontamination
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The phenomena may be explained because the rubber covers from the plum removing
devices, by continuous mooving, antrenate the air currents and recirculate them withn
respective space.
The number of the germs from the air of the work spaces recorded a sharp decrease in
evisceration rooms. Thus, in evisceration and packaging rooms, the bacterial charge recorded
sensible similar values (17,070 UFC/ m3 air in evisceration hall and 17,295 UFC/ m3 air in
package room), while in the number of mico-mycetes from both rooms significant differences
appeared (19,124 UFC/ m3 air in evisceration and 9,693 germs/m3 air in packaging space).
These values, even low, did not framed within maximum admitted limits for the number of
micro-organisms from a cube meter of air.
After contamination, the number of micro-organisms vehiculated by the air currents
recorded a visible diminish, the reduction degree oscillating in bacteria between 55.83 % in
room destined tom final products packaging sala and 87.94 % in plum removing space, while
the micro-mycetes from one meter cube of air decreased in share of 57.49% in eviceration
room and of 94.24 % in plum removing room. The most intense decreasing percent was
recorded in the carcass plum removing space (87.94%) for bacteria and 94.24 % for micro-
mycetes, without framing within maximum admitted limits.
The results demonstrated that air, as vehiculated element of an important germ
quantity, cannot be included in decontamination activity, the NTG/m3 diminishing being in
majority the resut of low circulation of air currents and humidity determined by he aerosols
that appeared in the moment of application of the decontaminat substance.
Form the work surfaces (conveiers, tables, work equipment), as well as from the floor,
the samples were harvested from all five production spaces (slaughter, boiling, plum
removing, evisceration and packaging), according to the standardized work technique. The
investigation results are presented in Tab. 2.
Tab. 2
The efficiency of surface contamination using the sodium hydroxide
CARCASS PACKAGING OF
SLAUGHTER CARCASS BOILING EVISCERATION
Germe PLUM REMOVING FINAL PRODUCT
ns ID DD ID DD ID DD ID DD ID DD
C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd C S Pd
Staphylo-
+ + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + + + + - -
coccus
Escherichia + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + -
Entero-
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - + - + + + + - -
coccus
Legend: ID = before decontamination
DD = after decontamination
C = conveier
S = contact surface (tables, equipment)
Pd = floor
+ = present culture
- = culture absence
The microbial charge in on the work surfaces of the technological flow elements,
almost no record differences between both harvesting moments (before and after
decontamination).
The data from the table suggested that before decontamination micro-organisms from
Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Escherichia genus were almost constant in the surfaces in
contact with raw material (conveier, work hand, tables, equipment) and floor. An important
aspect is represented by the contamination sources with pathogen germs which remains the
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same even after 3% sodium hydroxide decontamination. Thus, in rooms where Thus, in rooms
where the microbial charge of the air is much over the maximum admitted limits (slaughter,
boiling and plum removing) we observe that the germs from Staphylococcus, Enterococcus
and Escherichia genus were constantly isolated after decontamination (Fig. 3).
In evisceration and packaging rooms, the micro-organisms belonging to the three
genus were randomly emphasized on the investigated surfaces. Thus, the presence of the
staphyloccocus was mentioned only on the conveier and floor, the enteroccocus were
emphasized on conveier and work table, and colphorms on conveier and floor (evisceration
spaces) and conveier and work tables (room of delivering the final products).
In order to emphasize the bacteria on inert supports a more brief test was applied,
meaning the hygicult, which consists in fingerprinting of the surfaces Staphylococcus and
Escherichia germs. The results will serve as comparation elements with those obtained with
clasical work method, aspect that allow us the formation of an overrall immage on their use in
units of meat processing.
The Escherichia germs were not emphasized at the level of the surfaces when the
testing was performed using the hygiculture.
Fig. 3. The germs from Staphylococcus and Escherichia genus before and after slaughter space decontamination
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REFERENCES
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