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    Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Rating System.

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    Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Rating System.

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    Oxidative Damage, antioxidant Rating System.

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    9 views5 pages

    Oxidative Damage, Antioxidant Rating System.

    Uploaded by

    Patrick
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    Jaruany 2010, ‘Cormnicir © 2010 Vouunte 9 + Issue JOURNAL oF Daves in DenaiaroLocy Oxidative Damage, Skin Aging, Antioxidants and a Novel Antioxidant Rating System Debbie M. Palmer DO™ and Jennifer Silverman Kitchin MD* ‘White Pins Hope, Department of Medicine, White Ps, NY TPrnate Practice, Sandal NY tis betoved that oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive axygen and a biological system's ablity to neutralize the reactive intermediates. Oxidative domage occurs because of both intinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Te- ‘gether, intrinsic and extrinsic damage are the primery causes of skin aging. The skin uses a series of intrinsic antoxidant: 0 protect itsol from tree radical damage, Naturelly occurring extrinsic antioxidants have also been widely shown to cttset and aloviate tesa changes. Unlika sunscreens, which have an SPF rating system to guide consumers in their purchases, there is no widaly accepted method to choose antioxidant antiaging products. ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacityland ABEL-RAC (Analysis By Emitted Light Relative Antioxidant Capacity), ara bath accepted woxkdwide as a standard measure ofthe antioxidant capacity af foods. and a rating systems that could be applied to all antioxidant skincare praducis. The standardization of antioxidant creams coud revolutionize the cosmeceutcal market and give physicians and consumers the ability to compare and choose effectively fe changes are ons of the primary causes of ‘antioxidants have ‘been widely shown to improve and alleviate thers changes.’ The growing awareness of the importance of the use of topical antioxidants is erating tse need for the evaluation and standardization of these products. ‘The utilization of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) or Analysis By Emitied LightRelative Antioxidant Capacity (ABELRAC], globally accepted standards of measurement of an- tionidant capacity, in providing e foundation for the development of this type of numarical rating system. could revolutionize the ‘osmeceutical market and give both physicians and consumers the ability to compare and effectively choase between products. The Seience of Skin Aging Oxidative damage occurs because of both inttinsic and extrin- sie mechanisms. intrinsic oxidation is due to the production and breakdown of adenosine tiphosphate,' which is largely con- ‘welled by genaties. Extrinsic oxidative damage can be traced to ‘environmental factors such as sunlight, smoking and other pol- lutants, en unbslaneed diet, lack of exercise, stress and iliness.” Oxygen is also @ key player in free redieal production, which leads to the signs of aging. Oxidative stress is caused by an lenbalance between the production af reactive oxygen and & biological systom's ability 10 readily neutralize the resctive in- ‘érmediates or easily repair the resulting damage. A free radical 's defined as en atom or molecule with an unpaired electron.” These chemically reactive molecules are shor lived and react at the piace where they ore created.’ Free radicals are known t0 promote oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins end lipids, and can damage intracallular structures, including DNA." Free radicals, also interact with intracellular transcription factors, proteins that bind to epecfie sequences of DNA and thereby control the inscription ef genetic information from DNA to RNA. They up regulate transeription faetors euch as aetivator protain 1 (AP), ‘and nuclear transcription factorkeppa B (NEKB)."! APL is ro- sponsible for the production of metalloprotoinases thot break own existing collagen, contributing to wrinkle formation2* NFB up-regulates the transcription of pro-inflammatory mo- iators including interieukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL, and tumor ‘necrosis factor alpha (TNFa)2*These pro-inflammatory medio- tors serve to further activate the transcription factors APH ond NFA, resulting in additions! damage, eis the sum of these events that is seaponsible for skin aging ‘The free radicals that are the most biologically significant include superoride anion, porony! radivsl, pepony Hive radical ond hnydrosy radical in adlition, restive axygen molecu, which re nat free radicals, are capable of initiating similar oxidative reactions thot can generate ‘ree radicals. Together, te fre radicals and the reactive oxygon molecules are called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Damage caused by ROS lead, inthe skin, to melanocytic ‘overproduction of melanosomes and to weakened elastin ond

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