& BANSAL CLASSES CONTENTS KEY CONCEPTS EXERCISE-I EXERCISE - Il. ANSWER KEYFlowchart (o Chemical Bonding 1 ‘Why a chemical Bond Kessel Lewis app. (Octet) Lowersation of Energy nee So Lewis Structure Formal Charge Resonance Tonatiracion | Attraction between Nucleus & electron cloud Type of Bond Chemical bond “Typical Bonds Forccof attraction (@) Old Eletron (D vander Woals Force (b) Back Bonding (2) Hydrogen Bonding | depends Tonic Co-ordinate Covalent Metallic (c) Banana Bonding (@) Inter H-bonding S on atomic (1) Blectovaleney (1) Lewis acid (1) Sharing of (oye Hebei (weg @)Lewis base —_elestrons {@) lon-cipote ! (@) net Pie Efect ()Dipole-Dipole 7 (2)Covalency @) Loss & Gain of electrons (2) Fevoursble Conditions (@ Favourible 3,4,5,6 Conditions valenes electrons (a)Low IE. (High EA. (5) General (6) High Lattice Characteristic Energy (@) Lov MP. & BP, (b) Lig. General (6) Genel (©) General poor Characteristic conductor of (2) Gocd electrolytes electricity (@) Crystalline {6) High Meting Peiat (9) Distortion due to (@) Fast reactions difference ipole Moment (6) Distortion (6) Parsing Power (©) Theories (b) Polacsebility (@) Singlet Linkage () VBT (hybridisation) (©) VESPER (4) MOT CBansal Classes Chemical Bonding EKEY CONCEPT Reasons for Bond formation: + Attainment of Octet [ns* np*], assumed to be most stable. + Lowerisation of energy due to attractions, Types of bonds : Ionic, covalent, co-ordinate IONIC BOND [ELECTROVALENT] + — Completeloss of e“tofomm ions. a2 Electrostatic attraction between ions. + Elements of p’ & ‘d’ block may show variable electrovalency due to (@) Inert Pair effect (for p block): The reluctance of 's’ electron pair to take part inbond formation on moving down a group in‘P” block elements. Finds application in + Stability of oxidation state ofa particular metal atom. + Oxidizing & reducing power of compounds ©) Unstability of core: For ‘d’ block elements the core may either have pseudo inert configuration or any other & assuch no “extra stable” or inert gas configuration Properties of Ionic compounds + Uniformerystal lattice + HighMeling points /Boiling points + — Goodelectrolytes + Soluble in Polar solvents + Showisomorphism 2) No sp theories to understand bond formation. ©) characteristics like various crystal lattices to be done in solid state Polarisation of ions: Polarising power (+), Polarisability (-) Fajan's Rule: [ For Polarisation | More Polarisation : Cation size small, anion sizelarge, charge on cation & large, cation having Pseudo inert ‘gas configuration cause more polarisation of anion. charge on cation Tote PoreriaL 6 = radius of cation ce covalent character offonic compound © tendency to form complexes hydration & solvation energy eo ee 1 MPt BP Thermst. Bansal Classes Chemical Bonding 3)