ANEMIA / BLOOD LOSS

Anemia comes from the ancient Greek "anaimia" which means lack of blood. Anemia is a condition
where there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is
less than normal.

Anemia causes hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in the suffering organs because the reduced hemoglobin in red
blood cells results in reduced oxygen carried from the lungs to the body's tissues. Therefore various
levels of anemia can have various clinical consequences. So it is not surprising that symptoms of anemia
are indicated by feeling tired, pale, restless, and sometimes congested.

There are 3 main groups of anemia (because of the cause):

1. Excessive bleeding (hemorrhaghe)

Acute (sudden)

- accident

- Surgery

- Labor

- Broken blood vessels

Chronicles (chronic)

- Nose bleeding

- Hemorrhoids (hemorrhoids)

- Peptic ulcer

- Cancer or polyps in the digestive tract

- Kidney or bladder tumors

- Very large menstrual bleeding

Reduced formation of red blood cells (ineffective hematopoiesis)

- Iron deficiency

- Vitamin B12 deficiency

- Folic acid deficiency

- Vitamin C deficiency

- chronic disease

Increased destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis)

- Spleen enlargement

- Mechanical damage to red blood cells

- Autoimmune reaction to red blood cells

- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

- Hereditary spherocytosis

- Hereditary Elliptocytosis

- G6PD deficiency

- sickle cell disease

- Hemoglobin C disease

- Hemoglobin S-C

- Hemoglobin E disease

- Thalassemia

Symptoms

The symptoms that are indicated because of the supply of oxygen that does not meet this need, vary.
Anemia can cause fatigue, lack of energy, head feels floating, pale, restless, and sometimes tight. An
increasingly severe anemia condition can cause a stroke or heart attack.
Prevention & Treatment

Hemoglobin levels can be detected through blood tests in the laboratory. Blood tests include
examination of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), components of
white blood cells, and platelets.

Anemic sufferers can take iron supplements to restore the deficiency of red blood cells. In addition,
vitamin B12 is also needed. The last resort if anemia has reached an acute stage is by blood transfusion.