Soil-Cement Construction Handbook PONG N EE Rk LON 6 eeISBN 0-89312-114-2 © Portland Cement Associ 2973, revised 1995 Foreword ‘The procedures given here for building soil-coment base courses represent over 50 years of field experience in the construction of many million square yards (Gquare meters) of soil-cement ‘To construct soil-ccment, certain basic requirements must be met: thorough pulverization and mixing, adequate cement content, proper moisture content, adequate compaction, and proper curing. It is the intent of this publication to show how high-quality soil- cement can be built rapidly and casily under a wide variety of conditions by fulfilling these requirements. Detailed information on soil surveying and sampling is available in PCA Soil Primer, Procedures for testing soil materials for soil-cement are available in Soil- Cement Latoratory Hendéook. General specifications are given in Suggested Specification for Soil-Cement Base Course. Field inspection steps to control construction are described in Soil-Cemient Inspector's Manual. Allare Portland Cement Association publications. Portland Cement Association (PCA) is a not-terprotit organization {and provides this publication solely for the continuing education of ‘qualfiod professionals. THIS PUBLICATION SHOULD ONLY BE USED BY QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS who possess all required Jeense(s), wo are competent to evaluate the signiicance and linia tons ofthe Information provided herein, and who accapt total respon. sibilily for the appheation of this. information, OTHER READERS ‘SHOULD OBTAIN ASSISTANGE FROM A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL BEFORE PROCEEDING PCA and ts members make 90 oxpress or implies warranyy in connec: ton with this publicaton or any information contained herein. In partic- tar, no warranty is made of merchantabrity or fess for a particular purpose. PCA and its members disclaim any product labilty (including without imitation any strietlianilty in tor) in connection with this publ- ation or any infermation coniained herein. WARNING: Contact with wet (unardened) ccnerete, mortar, coment, fr coment mxtures can cause skin Iritaton, Severe Chemical Burns (THIRD DEGREE), or Serious Eye Damage. Frequent exposure may be associated with iritent andior allerdic contact dermatitis, Wear waterproof gioves, a ong sleeved shit, ful-length trousers and proper ‘ye protection whon working with those maton If you have to siand in wet concrete, use waterproof boo's that are high enough to keep conccete from flowing inte them, Wash wet concrete mortar, cement or coment misturoe from your ekin immedately ater contact, Indroct contact through clotiing can ba as serious as direct cortact. so promplly rinse out wet concrete, mortar, cement, oF cement mixtures from clothing Seok immediate medical atentin i you have persistant or severe discorrtortSOIL-CEMENT CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK CONTENTS Chapter 1 Soil-Cement—Applications, Properties, Laboratory Tests, and General Construction Procedure: Soil-Cement Applications... ‘Types of Soil-and-Cement Mixtures. Engineering Properties of Soil Cement one “Materials {or Soil-Cement S Portland cement as Water. Soil mai Gradation E Soil profile Old roadway material Bortow materials sn Laboratory Tests General Construction Steps. ‘Types of Mining Equipment Inspection and Field ContrOl «nn Bituminous Surface = Thickness of Soil-Cement Base Specifications. ~ Shrinkage Cracks wonsnnn Chapter 2. Soi-Cement Construction Mixed-In-Place Construction Preparation Single-shaft traveling mixer Handling and spreading cemen 3 Mixing and application Of water nnn 16 irow-type pugmil ‘ x Centel Plant Ming Plant calibration Handling and spreading. Compaction .. zs Finishing Curing, Construction joinis| Multiple-Layer Construction Bonding successive layers Special Construction Considerations. Handling traffic during construction. Rainfall Wet soil material Soft subgrade Cold weather Chapter 3. Streets, Shoulders, Airports, rking & Storage Area: Streets . Curbs, gutters, and manholes Intersections. . Surface Course won Widening and Shoulders Widening, Shoulders Shaping materia to crown a Pian for processing . Joint construction : Thickness design . z Parking and Storage Areas Chapter 4, Recycling Failed Flexible Pavements Beeeeeesssses Incorporating Old Surfacing Construction Equipment ... aie Chapter 5. Cement-Modified Soils Cement-Modified Silt, Clay Soils Subgrade stabilization for lexble pavement. Correcting unstable subgrade areas, Base for pavements. Construction em a Cement-Modified Granular Soils Base course for flexible pavements ‘Subbase for concrete pavements. Construction. ee: aR