: NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR MANAGERIAL TRAINING OF HEADS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS KHAWAJA SABIR HUSSAIN ROLL NO. P 859944 Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership Faculty of Education Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad 2011NEEDS ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR MANAGERIAL TRAINING OF HEADS OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS KHAWAJA SABIR HUSSAIN ROLL NO. P 859944 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in Education with Specialization in Educational Planning and Management at the Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Planning, Policy Studies and Leadership, Allama Iqbal Open University, IslamabadDECLARATION I, Khawaja Sabir Hussain S/o Ghulam Rasool, Roll No. P. 859944 Registration No. 92-NMA-0192, a student of Ph. D at the Allama Iqbal Open University do hereby solemnly declare that the thesis entitled “Needs Assessment and Development of a Model for Managerial Training of Heads of Secondary Schools” submitted by me in partial fulfillment of Ph.D. degree in education (specialization in educational planning and management) is my original work and has not been submitted or published earlier and shall not, in future, be submitted by me for obtaining any degree from this or any other University or institution Khawaja Sabir HussainAPPROVAL SHEET Vitle of thesis: Need Assessment and Development of Model for Managerial Training of Heads of Secondary School Name of student: Khawaja Sabir Hussain Accepted by the Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Education with specialization in Educational Planning and Management, — =F __ Dr. M. Mahniood Hussain Awan Supervisor Viva Voce Commi Dr. Haroona Jatoi Viva Examiner Dr, a_i fh, (. ” Member ‘Dr. Hamid ‘Khan Niazi Chairman, Educational Planning. Policy Studies and Leadership - a 2 Prof. Dr. Rehana Masrur Dean, Faculty of Education Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad Dated: 18-06-2011ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I thank Almighty Allah, who is the most beneficent and merciful for the completion of my research project. 1am obliged to my supervisor Dr. Muhammad Mahmood Hussain Awan, Chairman, Special Education Department of Allama Iqbal Open University, whose encouragement, professional guidance, patience and constant supervision pulled my through difficult work. I am really grateful for his worthy contribution. 1 am highly obliged to Dr. Sabir Hussain Raja, Assistant Professor of Allama Iqbal Open University for his professional support, struggle and guidance. I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. P.A Shami, Ex-Director General of Academy of Educational Planning and Management whose valuable comments and professional guidance always inspired me to develop this research project. 1 am highly obliged Dr. Hamid Khan Niazi Chairman Department of Educational planning, Policy studies and Leadership of Allama Iqbal Open University for his constant supports and professional guidance. 1 am also thankful to Dr. Manzoor Hussain Shah, Assistant Professor of Allama Iqbal Open University for his supports and comments in the finalization of this research project. 1 am thankful to Mr. Zakaullah Khan, Librarian, Academy of Educational Planning and Management for providing books and relevant material for review of related literature. My appreciations are for my friends Mr. Zulfigar Ali Joya, Mr. Sohail Ajmal and Tahir Shahzad for their technical support in typing and composing. My very special appreciations to my mother, my family wife Riffat Sabir, son Sagib Swati, daughter Sidra Swati, Irum Swati and Igra Swati for allowing me to take their time out and work to complete this work, KHAWAJA SABIR HUSSAINABSTRACT Title: Needs Assessment and Development of a Model for Managerial Training of Heads of Secondary Schools Pages: 257 Researcher: Khawaja Sabir Hussain University: Allama Iqbal Open University Year: 2009 Subject: Education (Specialization in Educational, Planning and Management) Degree: Ph. D. ‘The purpose of the study was to investigate the needs assessment and development of a mode! for managerial training of heads of secondary schools. Major objectives of the study were to (i) investigate the major managerial roles and functions of heads of secondary schools (ii) explore the professional needs for managerial training of heads of secondary schools and (iii) develop a model for managerial training of heads of secondary schools. A sample of 178 (male 101 and female 77) consisted of heads of secondary schools were randomly selected from Islamabad and Rawalpindi districts. One questionnaire alongwith Likert type scale was developed and administered among the respondents. Collected data was analyzed considering the objectives of the study. The descriptive statistics was used for data analysis which includes frequency, percentage and mean score for item analysis.It appears from data that in-service training opportunity for heads of secondary schools was limited, Data reflects that majority of heads of secondary schools played three important managerial roles i.e. interpersonal, informational and decisional while performing various management functions to handle the administrative and academic matters of the schools. It was further found that heads of secondary schools perform various functions i.e, planning, organizing, leading and controlling the resources of the schools in order to get desired output. As far as managerial training needs were concerned the study explored that they needed professional training in areas of management ie. financial management, academic management, office management, developing relationship with the community, human resource management, and general management. On the basis of these training needs managerial training model was developed for their professional growth.AGPR BA BEd BSc ccB ct DDO DLit DSe DoP ESR FGD GIS GoP. HRM HSSC MEd MPhil MIS. NGO Ph.D PLA ABBREVIATIONS Account General of Pakistan Revenue Bachelor of Arts Bachelor in Education Bachelor of Science Citizen Community Boards Certificate of Teaching Drawing and Disbursing Officer Doctor of Literature Doctor of Science Devolution of Power Education Sector Reforms Focus Group Discussion Geographical Information System Government of Pakistan Human Resource Management Higher Secondary School Certificate Master in Education Master of Philosophy ‘Management Information System Non-Organizational Organization Doctor of Philosophy Participatory Learning and ActionPr PTA PTC PwD SBM sc SMC SNE SSC TNA TD UNESCO. Participatory Tools Parent Teacher Association Primary Teaching Certificate Public Works Department Schoo! Based Management School Council School Management Committee Schedule of New Expenditure Secondary School Certificate ‘Training Need Assessment Training and Development United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural OrganizationLIST OF CONTENTS TITLE Declaration Approval Sheet Acknowledgments Abstract CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem Objectives of the Study Research Questions Significance of the Study Delimitations of the Study BROODS CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Education 2.2 Education System in Pakistan 2.2.1 Elementary Education 2.2.2 Secondary Education 2.2.3 Higher Education 2.2.4 Teacher Education 23 Concept of Needs Assessment 24 Training Needs Assessment (TNA) 2.5 __ Instruments of Needs Assessment Training 2.5.1 Questionnaire 2.5.2 Interviews: 2.5.3 Focus Group Discussion 2.5.4 Performance Tests 2.5.5. Participatory Tools 2.6 Concept of Training 2.6.1 Training and Professional Development 2.7 Concept of Management 2.8 Concept of Educational Management 2.9 Management Model 2.10 Managerial Roles of Education Managers 2.11 Functions of Education Manager 2411 Planning 2.11.2 Organizing 2.113 Leading 2.11.4 Controlling 2.12. General Management Aspects in a Secondary School 2.12.1 Overall In-charge of the Institution PAGE # 0 I2.12.2. Timetable for Curricular and Co-Curricular Activities 48 2.12.3 Classroom Management 49 2.12.4 Maintaining Discipline 50 2.13 Academic Management 31 2.13.1 Teacher Supervision 52 2.13.2 Student Supervision 55 2.13.3 Curriculum Management 55 2.14 Human Resource Management 37 2.14.1 Goals of Human Resource Management 58 2.14.2 Job Analysis and Job Description 60 2.14.3 Performance Appraisal 61 2.144 Staff Development 68 2.15 Financial Management 64 2.15.1 Basic Framework and Mechanism of Financial 66 Management 2.15.2 Source of School Fund 66 2.15.3 Secondary School Budget 67 2.15.4 Faroogh-e-Taleem Fund 68 2.15.5 Audit of Secondary Schoo! 68 2.16 Office Management 69 2.16.1 School Record Maintenance 70 2.16.2 Office Communication a 2.17 Secondary School and Relationship with Community n 2.17.1 School Management Committees (SMCs) B 2.18 Researches in the Related Field 7 2.19 Conceptual Frame Work for the Study 90 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 95 3.1 Justification of the Study 95 32 Design of the Study 96 3.3. Population 97 3.4 Sample of the Study 7 3.5 Construction of Research Instrument 98 3.6 __ Validation of Questionnaire 100 3.6.1 Pre-Testing 100 3.6.2. Pilot Testing 100 3.6.3 Reliability of Research Instrument 101 3.6.4. Finalization of Research Instrument 102 3.7 Method of Data Collection 104 3.8 Analysis and Interpretation of Data 104 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 106 4.1 Sample’s Characteristics 107 4.1.1 Gender/Marita! Status 107 4.1.2 Academic and Professional Qualification 10745 46 47 48 49 4.10 441 4.1.3. Teaching Experience 4.1.4 Management Experience 4.1.5 In-Service Training 4.1.6 In-Service Training Areas 4.1.7 Management Training as Head of Secondary School 4.1.8 Training Institution Roles and Functions of Heads of Secondary Schools 4.2.1. Interpersonal Role 4.2.2 Informational Role 4.2.3 Decisional Role 4.24 Planning Function 4.2.5. Organizing Function 4.2.6 Leading Function 4.2.7. Controlling Function Management Training Needs Item-wise Analysis of Management Training Needs 4.4.1 Financial Management Academic Management Office Management Developing relationship with community Human Resource Management General Management Open ended questions Objectives wise Discussion on roles, functions and training needs of heads of secondary schools CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND 33 5.4 55 56 RECOMMENDATIONS Summary Findings 5.2.1 Sample’s Characteristics 5.2.2. Roles and Functions of Heads of Secondary Schools 5.2.3 Management Training Needs 5.2.4. Findings from Open-ended Questions Discussion on findings regarding Research questions Conclusions Recommendations Development of Draft proposed Managerial Model 5.6.1 Analysis of opinions of experts on draft proposed Model 5.6.2. Suggestions for the improvement by the faculty members 5.6.3 Finalization of draft proposed Model for managerial training xi 108 109 109 110 il 112 13 113 44 4 116 7 118 19 121 124 124 132 140 145 149 154 158 163 168 168 170 170 71 174 187 188 195 202 206 206 206 2075.7 Proposed Need Based Managerial Training Model for Heads of Secondary Schools 58 Description of Proposed Need Based Training Model for Managerial Training for Heads of Secondary Schools 5.8.1 Situation Analysis 5.8.2 Objectives Setting 5.8.3 Costing of Needs 5.8.4. Priorities/Target Setting 5.8.5 Feasibility Testing 5.8.6 Formulation of Training Program 5.8.7 Designing Training Program 3.8.8 Development of Training Program 5.8.9 Delivery System 5.8.10 Designing Evaluation Criteria BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX-I APPENDIX-II APPENDIX-IIT APPENDIX-IV APPENDIX-V 208 210 2u1 212 213 214 214 215 215 217 219 221 226 240 241 244 255 257LIST OF TABLES Table # Title Page 3.4 Sample of the Study 98 3.6.3 Roles and Functions 103 3.6.4 Management Training Needs 104 4.1.1 Gender/Marital Status 107 4.1.2 Academic and Professional Qualifications 108 4.13 Teaching Experience 108 4.14 — Experience as Head of School 109 4.1.5 In-Service Training 109 416 In-Service Trainings Areas 110 4.1.7 Management Training ae 4.1.8 Management Training as Head of School 112 4.2.1 Interpersonal Role 13 4.2.2 Informational Role 114 423 Decisional Role 15 424 — Planning Function 116 4.2.5 Organizing Function 7 42.6 Leading Function 118 42.7 Controlling Function 19 43.1 Areas of Managerial Training Needs 121 43.2 Management training needs by Gender 122 43.3. Management training needs by District 123 4.4.1 Preparing Budget for Schoo! 124 44.2 Procedure of Getting Funds and Other Financial 125 Assistance 443 Procedure of Utilization of Budget 125 4.44 — Procedure of Maintaining Of Records, Income, 126 Expenditures and its Verification 4.45 — General Financial Rules about Receipts, Loans, Arrears 126 and Advances 44.6 — Procedure and Documentation of Advances 127 44.7 Maintaining Petty Cash Fund/Monthly Expenditure 127 Bills 44.8 Reconciliation of the School and Bank Accounts 128 44.9 Regular Physical Verification of Stock and Store 128 4.4.10 Preparation of Various Account Registers for Audit 129 44.11 Financial Rules about Pension, Provident Fund and 129 Benevolent Fund 4.4.12 Purchase and Acquisition of Store Items/Library Books 130 4.4.13 Drafting about Audit Reports, Observations and Paras 130 44.14 Consolidation of Accounts on Monthly & Quarterly 131 Basis 4.4.15 Procedure for Maintaining Capital Assets of School 131464 4.6.5 4.6.6 4.6.7 46.8 46.9 4.6.10 Planning Curricular and Co-curricular Activities for Curriculum Implementation Techniques to formulate an Effective Timetable Involvement of Teachers in Development a Planned Approach to Curriculum implementation Procedure to Review the Programs Made in Various Activities Method of Curriculum Evaluation Assigning Subjects to Teachers According to their Professional Skills Providing Guidance in Selecting Relevant Material Providing Professional Guidance in Solving Identified Problems Evaluation and Supervision the Teaching Method of Teachers Providing Conducive Environment for Teaching Learning Process Boosting Morale of School Staff Academic Guidance and Counseling to Students Organizing and coordinating (intemal and external) Examinations Strategy to Address Grievances of the Students Developing Skills, Interest & Aptitudes among Students Monitoring Students’ Activities as Per Curriculum Requirement Maintaining an Effective Filing and Index System Classification and Categorization of Record Maintaining Staff and Student Attendance’ Admission Registers Maintenance of Service Books/ Log Books Maintaining Complete Record of School in Terms of Promotion, Repetition and Drop out Rates Effective Reporting Skills, Noting, Drafting and Summary Writing Maintenance of Inventory Records Information Sharing Procedure with Parents and Staff Procedure for Reporting Reliable and Accurate Information to Authority Communication Upward, Downward, Vertical and Horizontal Guidance of Parental Involvement in Schoo! Identification of Educational Needs of Community and Respond Positively Ways and Means of Establishing Good Relations with Parents and Community Developing Positive Attitude of Community towards 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143, 143, 144 144 145 145 146 146 147475 4.76 4nd 478 4.8.1 48.2 483 48.4 48.5 48.6 48.7 48.8 48.9 49.7 4.9.8 4.10.1 4.10.2 4.10.3 4.10.4 4.10.5 4.10.6 Educational Institution Interpretation of Education as an Investment in Communi Capabilities to Explain Things that Might be Difficult to Understand the Community Procedure and Techniques to Use PTAs/SCs for Resource Generation Involvement of PTAs/SCs in the Development of School Job Analysis as per requirements of each Employee at School Planning Activities for Assigning the Tasks According to Job Requirement Techniques for developing Team spirit and Cooperation Performance Appraisal of Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff Motivating the Staff for Professional and Career Development Assessing and Developing Harmony among the Professional Staff Professional Guidance to Staff Members Interpersonal Relationships skills for Maintaining Working Environment Developing Harmony among Teaching and Non- Teaching Staff Planning and Formulation the Objectives for Institutional Activities Projecting and Setting Targets for Academic Year Designing Strategy to Achieve the Objectives Effective Implementation of Government Policies Procedure to Utilize Available Resources in Effective and Efficient Manner Providing Guidance to accomplish Institutional Tasks in Time Performance Appraisal of the School Staff Procurement and Preservation of Assets of School Problems related with financial management Problems related with academic management Problems related with office management Problems developing relationship with community Problems related with general management Suggestions for designing Managerial Training Model for Heads of Secondary Schools in Pakistan 147 148 148, 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 159 160 160 161 162CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ‘The management of secondary education plays vital role in the socio- economic development of the country. On the one hand it produces middle level work force and on the other feeding crop for higher education is produced by this sub-sector of education. As Goel, (2005, p. 3) points out that “secondary education is a period of education which follows after elementary education and acts as foundation for tertiary education. The purpose of secondary education is to prepare the students for either higher education or vocational training”. In fact secondary education is a streaming stage, because students usually choose the future line of action. condary schools thus have to cater for varied needs of the individual as well as of the country. In adi ion, diversification of curricula and importance of the secondary education have boosted the significance of heads of secondary schools. They are supposed to cater and manage future requirements of manpower which are needed in different sectors of the economy. Management of secondary education or any level is usually referred to maximizing the utilization of resources to increase the internal and external efficiency of educational institutions for the achievement of desired output. According to Bateman & Scott, (2002, p. 14) “management is the process of working with people and resources to accomplish organizational goals. Management establishes strong