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THYOLO SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 END OF TERM ONE EXAMINATIONS


BIOLOGY PAPER 1 (Theory) Time allowed: (2 hours 30 minutes)
Answer all questions in this paper
1. Figure 1 is a diagram of a microorganism. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a. Identify the microorganism. _______________________________________________________[ 1 mark]


b. State the part labeled A. ___________________________________________________________[ 1 mark]
c. How is the part mentioned in 1 (b) above used by the microorganism?
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_________________________________________________________________________________[ 2 marks]
2. Examine the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a. Name the disease that is caused by this parasite in man. _______________________________[ 1 mark]
b. Mention any two adaptive characteristics of the worm for survival.
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___________________________________________________________________________[ 2 marks]
c. Mention any three signs and symptoms associated with the parasite on its human host.
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___________________________________________________________________________[ 3 marks]
d. Describe any two ways through which the parasite infestation can be controlled.
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Explain why mammalian testes are located hanging outside the body
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Explain why four months after fertilization ova can be removed from a human female without terminating the
pregnancy.
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__________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]
3. a. List four rules to be followed in constructing a dichotomous key.
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b. State two advantages of using a cover slip when preparing a specimen for observation under a light
microscope.
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c. How is the low power objective lens manipulated to focus a specimen for observation under a light
microscope?
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__________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]
4. Fig. below shows the transverse section through a portion of a leaf

(a) (i) Identify the cell structures labelled A and B.


A. ___________________________________[1 mark] B___________________________________ [1 mark]
(ii) Identify the tissue labelled E.________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(b) (i)State the function of the tissue labelled D.
__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]

(ii) Name the substance found in the wall of cell C._________________________________________ [1 mark]
a. Suggest why plants sometimes stop photosynthesizing on very hot, dry days.
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__________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks]
b. Explain why photosynthesis in the leaf may be reduced if it suffered from a magnesium ion deficiency.

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c. Name the part of the chloroplast where the following occur:
i. Carbon dioxide fixation_____________________________________________________________
ii. Photolysis______________________________________________________________[2 marks]
5. a. Mention two enzymes in the human digestive system which are secreted in an inactive form.
(i) _______________________________________(ii)_____________________________________[2 marks]
b. The figure below shows graphs showing how enzyme activity varies with pH for three digestive enzymes
labeled A, B, and C. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

a. What is the optimum pH for enzyme A?_______________________________[1mark]


b. Under what pH range does enzyme B work?___________________________[1mark]
c. Which enzyme is likely to work in the stomach? Give a reason for your answer.
Enzyme______________________________________________________________[1mk]
Reason_____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________[2mks]
. Give a reason why the image is not formed when light is focused on the blind spot of the eye.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________[1 marks]
6. Fig. below shows a developing fetus inside the uterus.

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(a) Name the structures labelled A, B and C.
A___________________________B___________________________C_________________________ [3mks]
(b) (i) Name two useful substance which passes from the mother to the fetus.
1________________________________________2______________________________________ [2mks]
(ii) Name one waste substance that passes from the fetus to the mother.__________________________ [1mk]
(c) (i) The mother contracted gonorrhoea during pregnancy. List two symptoms of this disease.
1_______________________________________________________________________________________
2________________________________________________________________________________ [2mks]
(ii) State the method of birth control which can prevent the spread of gonorrhoea.
___________________________________________________________________________________[1mk]
8. The diagram below represents part of the human skeleton.

a. Name the part labeled P____________________________________________[1mk]


b. Name the bone that articulates with the part labelled Q_______________________________________[1mk]
c. What type of joint is formed between the part Q and the bone mention in above?
___________________________________________________________________________________[1mk]
9. a. Define the term “genetic engineering”
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4 (a) using a cross diagram describe how sex is determined in human beings. (4 marks)

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(b) (i) Differentiate between sickle cell anaemia and sickle cell trait. (2 marks)
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(ii) Explain why people with sickle cell trait have an adaptive survival advantage over normal individuals in
malaria endemic regions. (2 marks)
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12 The diagram below represents a model used to demonstrate breathing in mammals.

(a) Name the mammalian structure represented by the parts labelled D and E.
(i) D ___________________________________ E________________________________ (2 marks)
(b) State the observation made when the string is pulled downwards. (1 mark)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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(c) Explain the observation in (b) above. (2 marks)
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(d). Mention any two limitations of the lung model.
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5. Figure 8 shows part of the female human reproductive system. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

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a. Name the parts labelled R and T. R__ _______________________ T _________________________(2 mks)
b. State two functions of part marked S
(i)________________________________________________________________________________(1mark)
(ii)________________________________________________________________________________(1mark)
c. (i) Mention the contraceptive method shown by the letter M
_________________________________________________________________________________(1mark)
(ii) Explain the contraception method mentioned in c (i) works.
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____________________________________________________________________________(3marks)
The diagram below represents a section through the mammalian ear. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.

(a)Name the structures labeled H and J (2mks)


H_____________________________________J________________________________
(b) State how the structures labeled H, M and N are adapted to their functions (3mks)
H________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
M________________________________________________________________________________________
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N________________________________________________________________________________________
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(c) State what would happen if the structure labeled K was completely damaged (1mk)
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(d) Name the fluid contained in structure N ___________________________________________(1mk)
(e) Apart from hearing, state the other role performed by the human ear (1mk)
____________________________________________________________________________________
Define the term transpiration stream. [ 1 mark]
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___________________________________________________________________________________
State any two ways in which transpiration is important to plants. [ 2 marks]
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Describe how the transpiration stream is brought about. [6 marks]
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Figure 6 shows levels of some hormones during the menstrual cycle. Use it to answer questions that
follow.

During which period is fertilization most likely to occur?_______________________________[1 mark]


Give a reason for your answer.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

State any two things that may happen to the wall of the uterus between day 5 and day 10.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
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Explain why levels of progesterone increases from day 16 to day 20.
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Mention the four principles of Mendelian genetics. [ 4 marks]
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Figure below shows a biological process taking place in the body of a person. Use it to answer the questions
that follow.

a. Name the process._____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

b. State any one enzyme which is involved in the process.


____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

c. Give two ways in which the process is important to the human body.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
The figure below an experiment that was set up to investigate the movement of water in plant tissues.

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a. What would be observed in P after 1 hour?
____________________________________________________________________________[1 mark]
b. Give a reason for your answer in a above.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
c. Which set up is a control? _____________________________________________________[ 1 mark]
d. Name any one variable which was kept constant.______________________________________[ 1 mark]

a. Name the parts marked X and Y. X___________________________Y________________________


b. State the function of the part marked Z.

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(b) Distinguish between a tendon and a ligament. (1 mark)
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Describe the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis at the stated stages.
stage Chromosome behavior during mitosis Chromosome behavior during meiosis

Prophase

metaphase

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Describe how xerophytic plants are structurally adapted to their habitat. Your answer should be in essay form.
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Describe an experiment that can be carried out to fins the effect of physical activity on pulse rate. Your essay
should include procedure, results and conclusion.
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Discuss how genetic engineering can help humans to produce large quantities of insulin
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