“ « ‘Douglas C. Monteomery Comrighfét MpContents Preface 1 Introduction Ll 12 13 4 L5 16 7 2 Strategy of Experimentation Some Typical Applications of Experimental Design Basic Principles Guidelines for Designing Experiments A Brief History of Statistical Design Summary: Using Statistical Techniques in Experimentation Problems Simple Comparative Experiments PReL ll 2 3 4 Introduction Basic Statistical Concepts Sampling and Sampling Distributions Inferences About the Differences in Means, Randomized Designs 2.4.1 Hypothesis Testing 24.2 Choice of Sample Size 24.3 Confidence Intervals 244 The Case Where 0; # 05 24.3 The Case Where oj and 07 Are Known 24.6 Comparing a Single Mean to a Specified Value 24.7 Summary Inferences About the Differences in Means, Paired Comparison Designs 13.1 The Paired Comparison Problem 25.2 Advantages of the Paired Comparison Design i 14 19 21 2 23 23 25 28 34 41 45 45 rT] 48 48 jl xi‘Contents 2.6 Inferences About the Variances of Normal Distributions 2.7 Problems Experiments with a Single Factor: The Analysis of Variance 3.1 An Example 3.2 The Analysis of Variance 3.3 Analysis of the Fixed Effects Model 3.3.1 Decomposition of the Total Sum of Squares 3.3.2 Statistical Analysis 3.3.3 Estimation of the Model Parameters 3.34 Unbalanced Data 3.4 Model Adequacy Checking 3.4.1 The Normality Assumption 3.4.2 Plot of Residuals in Time Sequence 3.4.3 Plot of Residuals Versus Fitted Values 3.44 Plots of Residuals Versus Other Variables 3.5 Practical Interpretation of Results A Regression Model Comparisons Among Treatment Means Graphical Comparisons of Means Contrasts Orthogonal Contrasts Scheffé’s Method for Comparing All Contrasts Comparing Pairs of Treatment Means Comparing Treatment Means with a Control Sample Computer Output 3.7 Determining Sample Size 3.7.1 Operating Characteristic Curves 3.7.2 Specifying a Standard Deviation Increase 3.7.3 Confidence Interval Estimation Method 3.8 A Real Economy Application of a Designed Experiment 3.9 Discovering Dispersion Effects 3.10 The Regression Approach to the Analysis of Variance 3.10.1 Least Squares Estimation of the Model Parameters 3.10.2 The General Regression Significance Test 3.1 Nonparametric Methods in the Analysis of Variance 3.ULL The Kruskal-Wallis Test 3.11.2 General Comments on the Rank Transformation 3.12 Problems 4 Randomized Blocks, Latin Squares, and Related Designs 4.1 The Randomized Complete Block Design ALL Statistical Analysis of the RCBD 4.1.2 Model Adequacy Checking 4.1.3 Some Other Aspects of the Randomized Complete Block Design 4.14 Estimating Model Parameters and the General Regression Significance Test 101 101 103 104 105 107 109 10 12 M2 Ud U4 121 121 123 U3 132 135 Contents 4.2 The Latin Square Design 4.3 The Graeco-Latin Square Design 4.4 Balanced Incomplete Block Designs 44.1 Statistical Analysis of the BIBD 44.2 Least Squares Estimation of the Parameters 44.3 Recovery of Interblock Information in the BIBD 4.5 Problems Introduction to Factorial Designs | Basic Definitions and Principles 5.2. The Advantage of Factorials 5.3 The Two-Factor Factorial Design 5.3.1 An Example 5.3.2 Statistical Analysis of the Fixed Effects Model $3.3. Model Adequacy Checking Estimating the Model Parameters ‘Choice of Sample Size 5.3.6 The Assumption of No Interaction in a Two-Factor Model 5.3.7 One Observation per Cell 5.4 The General Factorial Design 5.5 Fitting Response Curves and Surfaces 5.6 Blocking in a Factorial Design 5.7 Problems 6 The 2* Factorial Design 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The 2° Design 6.3 The 2’ Design 64 The General 2* Design 6.5 A Single Replicate of the 2* Design 6.6 Additional Examples of Unreplicated 2* Design 6.7% Designs are Optimal Designs 68 The Addition of Center Points to the 2* Design 6.9 Why We Work with Coded Design Variables 6.10 Problems 7 Blocking and Confounding in the 2 Factorial Design 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Blocking a Replicated 2* Factorial Design 7.3 Confounding in the 2 Factorial Design 7.4 Confounding the 2* Factorial Design in Two Blocks 7.5 Another Illustration of Why Blocking Is Important 7.6 Confounding the 2‘ Factorial Design in Four Blocks 7.1 Confounding the % Factorial Design in 2” Blocks xiii 138 145 148 148 152 154 437 162 162 165 166 166 168 77 7 180 181 182 185 190 198 202 207 207 208 215 227 239 3 m2 257 261 264 273 273 aA 215 275 281 282 284