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295
The Effect Of Death On The contractual commitments resulting from

Settled Financial Commutative Contracts And Its Contemporary
Applications
By
Malak Noureddin Mahmoud Khasawneh
Supervisor
Dr. Mohammad Ahmad Alqudah
Abstarct
This study discusses the effect of contractor's death on contractual commitments
resulting from financial commutative contracts, whether those contracts had been defined
previously or newly known in its terminologies or applications.
The inductive analytical comparative method had been applied in conducting this
study which had been accomplished with reference to old and new sources in Islamic
jurisprudence, civil and commercial laws issued by the state, in addition to laws and
instructions adopted in Islamic Banks in Jordan which I got through personal interviews
and investigations with principals there.
Through this study, the researcher arrived at the result that death doesn't affect in
breaking instant obligatory financial commutative contracts concerning property, which its
validity and obligatory is not conditioned by prompt exchange. And so is the case with
contracts concerning benefit or work in which the identity of one or both of the contracting
parties is not conditioned. And as a result for that the contractual commitments won't be
cancelled. But it could be affected in case that the decedent was bankrupt or moneyless, or
in case that death was prior to said period for executing commitments.
Whereas the contracts that are broken by death of one or both of contracting parties
are those concerning work in which the identity of one or both contractors is considered or
conditioned. And also the unobligatory contracts for one or both contractors in case the
decedent was the unobliged party. And so is the case with contracts concerning property in
which prompt exchange is a condition for its validity or obligatory provided that one of the
contractors was dead prior to fulfilling this condition. Consequently, contractual

296
commitments are cancelled for the time span after death. But in the time span previous to
the death, commitments won't be cancelled for both of contractors. But it could be affected
if the decedent was bankrupt.
It's worth mentioning that the transferring of contractual commitments isn’t
restricted to the heirs of the decedent, but the trustee who was appointed by the decedent
prior to his death is favoured to them, whether that trustee is an individual or institution
such as Islamic banks. And if the trustee hadn't been appointed, the heirs will replace the
decedent in executing his commitments.But if a dispute arrises among the heirs, the judge
appoints a trustee over the inheritance as an administrator of estate. This transfer of
commitments will be within the bounds of decedent's inheritance.
It was evident to the researcher that there's a shortage in the legal coverage for the
effect of death in contractual commitments resulting from a number of contracts; including
the catering contracts, “Murabaha” contract in its various stages, etc.
Therefore, the recommendations resulting from this study are embodied in the
necessity of having a legal coverage for the effect of death in various contracts, as well as
the need to activate the role of Islamic Banks to be administrators of estates, inorder to
avoid possible disputes among heirs and creditors. Also the rights of the heirs in
inheritance as well as the rights of the creditors should be considered by administrating the
estate in a way that enables all parties to take their rights without depriving anyone by
prompt public sale for inheritance.

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