exercises are included to enhance the reinforcement of

the GD&T concepts and guide the learner towards correct

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calculations.

Where to Get More Help

You can find extensive, free Tips on GD&T at
www.tec-ease.com/gdt-tips.htm. New Tips are added
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"The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009" Textbook and
Workbook are intended to aid in the instruction of Geometric

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Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) in accordance
each month. Your suggestions for additional Tips are with the ASME Y14.5-2009 standard. Where the text and

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always welcome. Just email your suggestions to workbook refer to “the Standard”, they are referring to the

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info@tec-ease.com. ASME Y14.5-2009 standard. Coverage also includes
For a quick reference to GD&T see “The GD&T selected topics from ASME Y14.41 and ASME Y14.36.

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Hierarchy Y14.5-2009 Pocket Guide” and other related
texts written by Don Day. Many of the drawings are intentionally incomplete and

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should not be used as a basis for design criteria or part
Your Author acceptance.
As a mechanical engineer, Professor Emeritus and
standards developer, Don has dedicated his career to the
advancement of GD&T. From satellites to sump pumps
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Written by: Don Day
Published by: Tec-Ease, Inc.
888-832-3273 (within USA and Canada)

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thousands of design, production and quality personnel
have benefitted from his entertaining instruction. www.tec-ease.com

Introduction
i e About this Workbook

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"The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009 Workbook" The geometric tolerance exercises have been split into

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has been developed as a three categories for most of the ten chapters. These include
the exercises from the text, supplemental exercises and

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supplement to "The GD&T
Hierarchy Y14.5-2009" several certification prep questions. Not all answers to the

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Textbook. The exercises in certification prep questions are found in the textbook. You
may have to dig into the Standard for the answers.

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this Workbook help the learner
gain confidence in his/her

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Use of brackets: Any reference to sections of the ASME
ability to apply the concepts of
Y14.5-2009 standard are placed in brackets: [ ]. This will
GD&T. It can also be used to
allow the learner to easily research the proper section of
reinforce and/or refresh these
the Standard if he/she is struggling with any of the GD&T
concepts. Numerous practice
concepts.
Don Day
Introduction to The GD&T Hierarchy 1-1
 The GD&T Hierarchy Preface
Y14.5-2009 Workbook
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This Workbook has been prepared to accompany

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my text to promote the understanding and application of
2010 Edition

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geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, GD&T, throughout
the world.
In accordance with the ASME Y14.5-2009
standard on Dimensioning and Tolerancing

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The title, "The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009
Workbook", describes the principle difference between

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this and other texts and workbooks on the subject of GD&T.
Most available texts provide the rules, terms and definitions

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Written by: Don Day found in the ASME Y14.5 standard. They do not, however,
present the relationship which exists between the geometric

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President
characteristics. This relationship has been given the name
Tec-Ease, Inc.

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The GD&T Hierarchy by this author.
Senior Level GDTP
Professor Emeritus, Monroe Community College By understanding the hierarchy of GD&T, the appropriate

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application of GD&T becomes clear. By first establishing

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origins of measurement, controlling the features used

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to establish these origins and locating all other features

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Copyright © Tec-Ease, Inc., 2010 relative to these origins, all of the geometry of a part

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may be clearly defined with one clear meaning. This is
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be accomplished using the concept of datums and only a few

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reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted of the geometric tolerances. Only when necessary should
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, the other geometric tolerances be applied. All of this is done

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photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior with the goal of defining parts which meet design intent,

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written permission of the publisher. are producible and may be verified at the lowest cost and
highest quality possible.

ISBN 978-0-9792781-8-1
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First printing: January 2010 Sodus Point, NY Don Day

1-2 © Tec-Ease Inc., 2010 The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009 Workbook

 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Chapter 6 - Form

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The GD&T Hierarchy
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Supplemental Exercises 6-1

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Exercises from Text 1-5 Certification Prep Questions 6-4

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Supplemental Exercises 1-7
Certification Prep Questions 1-14 Chapter 7 - Orientation

Chapter 2 - Features of Size

Exercises from Text 2-1
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Exercises from Text
Supplemental Exercises
7-1
7-2

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Certification Prep Questions 7-6
Supplemental Exercises 2-4

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Certification Prep Questions 2-18 Chapter 8 - Profile

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Exercises from Text 8-1
Chapter 3 - Datum Supplemental Exercises 8-2
Reference Frame

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Certification Prep Questions 8-11
Supplemental Exercises 3-1

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Chapter 9 - Position and

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Chapter 4 - Datum Feature Symmetry
Controls

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Supplemental Exercises 9-1
Supplemental Exercises 4-1 Certification Prep Questions 9-12

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Chapter 5 - Datum Concepts
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Supplemental Exercises 5-1 Supplemental Exercises 10-1
Certification Prep Questions 5-6 Certification Prep Questions 10-5

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Introduction to The GD&T Hierarchy 1-3
 To the Instructor

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Reasons for the answers to many of the questions

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are given in the Solutions manual. Since the Text and
Workbook are in accordance with ASME Y14.5-2009, your

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main authority for explanations should be the Standard. If
you have a copy of Standard-Ease® software, you will find
it easy to search the Standard for terms and topics.

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Should you require further explanation or clarification,
you are encouraged to:

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1. search through the index of Tips found at
www.tec-ease.com.

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2. email your questions to info@tec-ease.com.
3. call us at 888-tec-ease (888-832-3273).

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1-4 © Tec-Ease Inc., 2010 The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009 Workbook
 Chapter 2 Features of Size
Exercises from Text Exercise from text page 2-10:

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Using the numbers from the chart, draw and label the
tolerancing diagram.

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Calculate the boundaries for the 2X Ø12 mm holes.
The Inner Boundary is: __________________________

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Exercise from text page 2-11:

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Calculate the minimum and maximum values that could be

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Exercise from text page 2-10: measured based on the previous exercise.
Fill in the chart and complete the diagram.

Measured Material

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Additional
Tolerance
Allowable
Position

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Hole Size Condition
(Bonus) Tolerance

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Ø11.9 Min.: ____________
Ø12
Ø12.1 Max.: ____________

Features of Size 2-1

 Exercise from text page 2-11: Exercise from text page 2-12:
If a hard gage were made to check the position tolerance, Fill in the chart.

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what would the theoretical design size of the gage pins be?

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Measured Material
Tolerance Position
Hole Size Condition
(Bonus) Tolerance

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_______________ Ø11.9
Exercise from text page 2-11:
If a coordinate measuring machine established the datum - Ø12
Ø12.1

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reference frame and was positioned at the basic location of Exercise from text page 2-12:

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the holes, what diameter must the polar measurements be

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Calculate the boundaries.
greater than?

_______________

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Exercise from text page 2-12:

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Complete the diagram.

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2-2 © Tec-Ease Inc., 2010 The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009 Workbook
Exercise from text page 2-12:
Fill in the chart.

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Additional Allowable
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Measured Material
Tolerance Position
Hole Size Condition

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(Bonus) Tolerance
Ø11.9
Ø12
Ø12.1 -
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2.11 Exercise from text page 2-12:
Calculate the boundaries.

IB = __________ OB = ___________

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Exercise from text page 2-12:
Complete the diagram.

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Features of Size 2-3
 Supplemental Exercises
2.1. The first step in applying GD&T is to:

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a) Locate features to the datum reference frame.

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b) Identify datum features.
c) Refine geometric controls with auxiliary datum

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reference frames and geometric controls if necessary.

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d) Control datum features as required.

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2.2. The second step in applying GD&T is to:

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a) Locate features to the datum reference frame.
b) Refine geometric controls with auxiliary datum

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reference frames and geometric controls if necessary.
c) control datum features as required. 2.6. List the dimensions that are not size dimensions.

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________________________________________________

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2.3. The third step in applying GD&T is to:
a.) Locate features to the datum reference frame.
b.) Refine geometric controls with auxiliary datum

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reference frames and geometric controls if necessary.

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2.4. Actual envelopes:
a) Determine gage sizes

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b) Are theoretical

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c) Require measuring a part to determine
d) May be calculated from the drawing

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2.5. Actual envelopes are not used to establish:

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a) Axes 2.7. Which attribute(s) of a feature of size does R30 not
b) Center planes have? Select all that apply.
c) Center points a) Opposed points
d) Datum planes from a planar surface b) Derivable center
c) Limits

2-4 © Tec-Ease Inc., 2010 The GD&T Hierarchy Y14.5-2009 Workbook