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Scrotal C S
Scrotal C S
Lucban, Quezon
A.Y. 2013-2014
Testicular Enalrgement
Lucban, Quezon
Submitted to:
(Clinical Instructor)
In Partial Fulfillment
Submitted by:
Jonar V. Siudad
BSN – III A
Group 2
I. GENERAL OBJECTIVES
After establishing Nurse-Patient Interaction, thorough physical
assessment, providing care to the client and study of the client’s condition,
student will gain knowledge, develop skills and enhance attitude through the
utilization of the nursing process on the care and management of the patient
with Testicular Enlargement.
Specific Objectives
On completion of this case study the student will be able to:
Understand what Coronary Artery Disease is.
Identify its clinical manifestations.
Determine the health status of the patient through:
o General and Demographic Data
o History of Present Illness
o Past Medical History
o Family Health History
o Physical Examination
Build trusting relationship with both the patient and significant others.
Utilize skills in performing physical examination to the patient.
Analyze laboratory results and correlate it with patient’s present
condition.
Familiarize self to some medical and diagnostic procedures related to
the patient’s present condition.
Trace the pathophysiology of the disease.
Determine the relevance of the drugs or medication to the patient.
Formulate nursing diagnosis and provide necessary nursing
management and interventions.
Determine the rationale behind the applied nursing interventions.
Render quality-nursing care through implementation of the Nursing
Care Plan.
Evaluate effectiveness of Nursing Care Plan and medical
management.
Provide continuity of care by giving health teachings not only to patient
but also as well the Significant Others.
II. INTRODUCTION
http://www.healthline.com/health/scrotal-swelling
http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/testicular-tumours
III. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Male Reproductive System
Scrotum
The scrotum is a sac-like organ made of skin and muscles that houses the
testes. It is located inferior to the penis in the pubic region. The scrotum is made
up of 2 side-by-side pouches with a testis located in each pouch. The smooth
muscles that make up the scrotum allow it to regulate the distance between the
testes and the rest of the body. When the testes become too warm to support
spermatogenesis, the scrotum relaxes to move the testes away from the body’s
heat. Conversely, the scrotum contracts to move the testes closer to the body’s
core heat when temperatures drop below the ideal range for spermatogenesis.
Testes
The 2 testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads responsible for the
production of sperm and testosterone. The testes are ellipsoid glandular organs
around 1.5 to 2 inches long and an inch in diameter. Each testis is found inside
its own pouch on one side of the scrotum and is connected to the abdomen by a
spermatic cord and cremaster muscle. The cremaster muscles contract and relax
along with the scrotum to regulate the temperature of the testes. The inside of
the testes is divided into small compartments known as lobules. Each lobule
contains a section of seminiferous tubule lined with epithelial cells. These
epithelial cells contain many stem cells that divide and form sperm cells through
the process of spermatogenesis.
Epididymis
The epididymis is a sperm storage area that wraps around the superior and
posterior edge of the testes. The epididymis is made up of several feet of long,
thin tubules that are tightly coiled into a small mass. Sperm produced in the
testes moves into the epididymis to mature before being passed on through
the male reproductive organs. The length of the epididymis delays the release
of the sperm and allows them time to mature.
Definition
Infections of the epididymis or testicle itself are common causes of enlarged testicle. A
scrotal cyst (spermatocele) or varicose veins (varicocele) can also result in the
appearance of an enlarged testicle. In rare cases, enlargement of the testicle is a
symptom of testicular cancer, a condition that is commonly associated with a painless
lump. Mumps, a viral infection, can lead to an enlarged testicle along with other
symptoms, such as swollen salivary glands, sore throat, and fever. An inguinal hernia,
when the abdominal contents protrude into the groin, can be mistaken for an enlarged
testicle.
Causes
Depending on the cause, enlargement may occur in one or both testicles, and it may be
accompanied by pain, swelling or fever. Infections of the epididymis or testes can cause
enlarged testicles. In rare cases, enlargement of the testicle is a symptom of testicular
cancer, a condition commonly associated with a painless lump.
Common causes
Cancer of the testicle
Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis)
Inguinal hernia, which may be mistaken for an enlarged testicle
Mumps (viral infection that can cause inflammation of the testicle)
Orchitis (inflammation of the testicle)
Scrotal sac infection
Spermatocele (cyst in the scrotum)
Testicular torsion
Trauma or injury
Varicose veins in the scrotum (varicocele), which may appear as an enlarged testicle
Risk Factors
Symptoms
Abdominal pain or pressure
Difficult or painful urination, or burning with urination (dysuria)
Discharge or pus from the end of the penis
Fever
Pain associated with ejaculation
Pain in the testicle
Scrotum that feels swollen or heavy
Testicle lump
Laboratory Studies
These tests may include:
ultrasound: an imaging technique that uses sound waves to create an image of the
testicles, scrotum, and abdomen
blood test: a small amount of blood can be tested for the presence of tumor cells,
infections, and more
biopsy: involves removing a small tissue sample from the testicle with specialized
equipment; the sample is then sent to a laboratory for testing
V. CASE STUDY PROPER
Patient Data
Name: Patient X
Case number: 0024425
Ward: Surgery Department/ General Male Ward
Bed no.: 225
Address: Purok Antipolo Brgy. Canda Ilaya, Lopez, Quezon
Age: 52y/o
Sex: Male
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Birthday: March 26,1961
Status: Married
Place of birth: Lopez, Quezon
Chief Complaint: Difficulty Of Breathing
Admission date: August 26,2013
Discharge Date: Unknown
Diagnosis: Left Testicular Tumor
Attending Physician: Dr. Combalicer, Mario Donato M.
A. General Study
General Assessment
Conscious and coherent
Not in respiratory distress
Febrile
With body malaise
Body Structure
Body parts look equal bilaterally and are in relative proportion to each
other
Stout
Body wt: 66kg
Vital Signs:
Body
Temperature Pulse Rate Respiratory Rate Blood Pressure
Day 1 36.1 °C 103bpm 30 breaths/min 130/90mmHg
Day 2 38.0 °C 109bpm 27 breaths/min 160/110mmHg
Day 3 37.3 °C 105bpm 28 breaths/min 110/90mmHg
Physical Assessment
Integumentary
With good skin turgor
With fair skin color
HEENT
Head
symmetrical with rounded skull contour
with long black hair
lice were noted on the head
Eyes
eyelashes are short, evenly spaced and slightly curled outward.
no swelling noted
With slightly pale conjunctiva
With whitish sclera
Ears
auricle is of equal size and similar in appearance
no discharges noted
Nose
same color as the face, symmetrical in appearance
no changes in nares upon respiration
nasal septum is intact and on midline
no redness or swelling noted on the nasal mucosa
nasal discharges noted, whitish in color, scanty in amount
Mouth
pale and dry lips
gums are pinkish in color, moist
tongue is in central position, moves freely and has no tenderness
Neck
no palpable neck mass noted
no neck rigidity noted
Thorax and Lungs
chest is symmetrical with skin intact
chest wall is intact
with wheezing breath sounds are heard on both lung fields upon auscultation
Heart
with normal heart rhythm.
Abdomen
soft and non-tender upon palpation
no palpable mass noted
no complaints of abdominal pain
Extremities
Upper
well-flexed
with fresh lesions/wounds noted
has normal sensation with pinkish nail beds and a capillary refill time of 1-2
seconds
Lower
with slightly pale nail beds
with capillary refill time of 1-2 seconds upon blanching
with edema noted on both legs, grade 1