‫ﺑ ﻌ ﻨﻤﺮ ﻗ ﻪ ﺍﻋ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﻭﺇﺭ ﺛ ﺎ ﻩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺪﺣ ﻤ ﺔ‬

‫ﺇﻋ ﺔﺍ ﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗ ﻠ ﻠ ﻪ ﺍ ﺗ ﺪﻫ ﻤ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓ ﺎ ﻃ ﻤ ﺔ ﻋ ﻤ ﺪ ﺍﺑﻞﺍ ﻫ ﻴ ﻪ‬
‫ﻟ ﻠ ﻤ ﻴ ﻪ ﻋ ﺒ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺎﺣ ﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻨ ﻘ ﺪ ~‬
 ‫ﻗ ﺴ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﻌﻢﻳﺒ ﺖ‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺗ ﻘ ﺴﺖ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺪﺍ ﺩﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺤ ﻮ ﺍ ﻟﻖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﻞ ﺩ ﺍﻝ ~ ﻭﻳﺸﻤ ﻞ‪:‬‬

‫~ ‪ ٩٩‬ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻞ ﻭﺩ ﻗﺼ ﻤﺮ ﻳ ﺘ ﻢ ﺇﺭ ﻣ ﺎ ﻛ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﺃﺻ ﻠ ﻪ ﻓ ﻴ ﻤ ﺒ ﺢ ´´ ﻗ ﻤ ﻞ´´ ﻟ ﺄﺍ ﻣ ﺎﺀ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻞ ﺩ ﺧﺼ ﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻤ ﺲ‬

‫ﻣ ﺄ ﻛﺍﻖ ﻧ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﻌ ﻞ ﻭﺩ ´´ ﺗﺼ ﺔ´´‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﺎ ﺑ ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻞ ﺩ ﺳ ﻤﺖ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺍﻖ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻤﺖ ﺳ ﻨ ﻮﺍ ﺕ __ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻞ ﻭﺩ ﺳ ﻨ ﻮﺍ ﺕ ﻳ ﺘ ﻢ ﺇﺭ ﻣ ﺎ ﻣ ﻪ ﺇ ﻝ ﺃﺻ ﻠ ﻪ ﻓ ﻴﺼ ﺒ ﺢ ´´ ﺳ ﻨ ﺔ´´‬

‫ﻧ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻟ ﻠ ﻤ ﻌ ﻞ ﻭﺩ ´´ ﺳ ﻨ ﺔ´´‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻫ ﻜ ﺬﺍ ﻳ ﻨ ﻄ ﺒ ﻖ ﻫ ﺄﺍ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﻣ ﻰ ﺑ ﺎ ﻱ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﻣ ﺘﻰ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ﻋ ﺸﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻞﻝ ‪ .‬ﺍ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳ ﻄ ﺎ ﺑ ﻖ ﺇ ﺫ ﺍ ﻙ ﻥ ﻣ ﺮ ﻟﺒ ﺎ‪~ ~ .‬ﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ ﺮﺭﺕ ﺑ ﺈ ﻣ ﻞ ﻯ ﻣ ﺜ ﺘﺔ ﺗ ﻠﻤ ﻴ ﺄ ﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫~‪ :‬ﺭﺃ ﻳ ﺖ ﻣ ﺸﺘﺮ ﻧ ﺴ ﺎ ﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳ ﺨ ﺎﻟ ﻒ ﺇ ﺫ ﺍ ﻟ ﺎ ﻥ ﻣ ﻐ ﺮﺩﺍ ~ ﻝ‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﻪ ﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺮﻛﺒ ﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺗ ﺸ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ) ﺍ ﺍ ﻩ‪ ١‬ﺍ ‪ ٩....‬ﺍ ( ‪ :‬ﻱ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﻛﺒ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻌﺎ ﺵ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗ ﺘ ﻤ ﻲ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺑﺄ ﻧﻬﺎ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﻐ ﺘ ﻮﺣ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰ ﻳ ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ ﻋ ﺸ ﻜﺘﺎ ﺗﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺮﻛﺒ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻠ ﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺗ ﺎ(‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻪ ﺩﺍ ﻥ ) ﺍ ﺍ ﻩ‪ ٢‬ﺍ (‪ :‬ﻳ ﻮﺍ ﻓ ﻘ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﺗ ﺬ ﻛ ﺎﻴ ﻭﺗﺄ ﻧ ﻴ ﺜﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰﺀ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ﻣ ﺜ ﻠ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﺃ ﻳ ﺖ ﺃ ﺣ ﺪ ﻋ ﺶ ﻭﺛﺎ ﺋ ﻘ ﺘﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴﺎ ﻓﺎ ﻧﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻭﺛﺎ ﺋ ﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻓ ﻜ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ﺍ ﺍ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺍﻖ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰﺀ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ )ﺃ ﺣ ﺪ(‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﺠﺰ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ )ﻋ ﺶ((‬
‫ﺍ ﺧ ﺘﻨﺎ ﺍ ﺛ ﻨ ﺖ ﻋ ﺸﺔ ﻣ ﺪﺭﺳ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﺘﺼ ﻔ ﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻨﻬ ﺎ ﺋﻴ ﺔ ﻋ ﻞ ﻣ ﺴ ﺘ ﻮﻯ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﻠ ﺪ‪ ) .‬ﻣ ﺪﺭﺳ ﺔ‪ :‬ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺚ ﻩ ﻓﻜ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ ٢‬ﺍ ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺜﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ )ﺍ ﺛ ﻨﺖ( ﻭﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺜﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ )ﻋ ﺸﺔ((‬
‫ﻣ ﻠ ﺤ ﻮﻇ ﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﺍﺍ ﺛ ﻨﺎ ﻋ ﺸﺎﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺍﺍ ﺛ ﻨ ﺘﺎ ﻋ ﺸﺔ ́ﺍ ﻳﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰﺀ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﻣ ﻨﻬ ﻤﺎ ﻣ ﻌﺎﻣ ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﻦ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻱ‪ :‬ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻠ ﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﻭﻳ ﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩﺍ ﻟﻌ ﻪﺍ ﺩ ﻣ ﻦ )‪ ٣‬ﺍ ( ﺇ ﻝ )‪ ٩‬ﺍ (‪ :‬ﺗ ﺨﺎﻟ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﻮﺍ ﻓ ﻘ ﻪ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺑ ﺘ ﻌ ﺖ ﺗ ﺴ ﻌﺔ ﻋ ﺶ ﻗ ﻠ ﺘ ﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻗ ﻠ ﻢ‪ :‬ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻓ ﺨﺎﻟ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ‪ ٩‬ﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰﺀ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ‬
‫)ﺗ ﺴ ﻌ ﺔ ‪/‬ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺚ( ﻭ ﻭﺍ ﻓ ﻘ ﻪ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ )ﻋ ﺶ ‪/‬ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮ((‬

‫‪ (٩‬ﺃﻱ ﻱ ﻣﻀﺎﻋ ﻐﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ ﺷﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٠‬ﺃﻋ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﻮ ﺩ‪ :‬ﻭﺗ ﺸ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ) ‪ ٢ .‬ﻩ ‪ ٣ .‬ﻩ ‪٤ .‬‬

‫ﺗ ﺒ ﻘﻰ ﻫ ﺬ ‪ ٥‬ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺑ ﻠﻐ ﻆ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺬ ﻛﻲ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﺄ ﻧ ﻴ ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣ ﻌﺎﻣ ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺴﺎﻟ ﻢ؟ ﻓ ﺘﻔﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﻮﺍﻭ ﻭﺗ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﻭﺗ ﺠﺮ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻴﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﺮﺩ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻋ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﻮﺩ ﻣ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻠ ﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻓﺮ ﻋ ﺸﻮﻥ ﺭﺟ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺖ ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﻲ ﺻ ﺒ ﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺛ ﻠﺜ ﻲ ﻓ ﺘﺎ ﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺘ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎ ﺣ ﺜ ﻮﻥ ﻋ ﺸﻴﻦ ~‪.‬‬
‫ﺳ ﺎ ﻗ ﻢ ﺛ ﻠﺜ ﻮﻥ ﻋ ﻀﻖﺍ ﻑ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍ ﻧ ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﻠﻌ ﻞ ﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻄ ﻮ ﻟ ﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﺗ ﺸ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ )‪ :( ٩٩..... ٢ ١‬ﺗ ﺘ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﻣ ﻦ‪ :‬ﻋ ﺪ ﺩ ﻣ ﻐ ﺮﺩ‬ ‫‪٠‬‬

‫)ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ! ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ( ‪ ٨‬ﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻄ ﻒ) ﻭ( ‪ ٨‬ﻣ ﺪ ﺩ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃ ﻛ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﻮﺩ ) ﻛ ﺸﻮﻥ( ‪ -‬ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ ﻭﻋ ﺸﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫~‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ﻌ ﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻣ ﺪ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﻮﺩ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎﻣ ﻠ ﺔ ﺃﻋ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﻮ ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ﺘ ﺒ ﻊ‬
‫ﻳ ﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺎ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩ ﻣ ﻌﺎﻣ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌﻞ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩ ﺍ ﻝ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻜ ﺮﺍ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌﻞ ﻭﺩ ﻣ ﻊ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻄ ﻮ ﻓ ﺔ ﻣ ﻔﺮ ﺁﺍ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺜﺎ ~‬
‫ﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟ ﻄﺎﻟ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ ﻭﻋ ﺸﻴ ﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺘ ﺎ ﻣ ﻘ ﺮﺭﺍ‪ ) .‬ﺩﺭﺱ‪) :‬ﻣ ﻐ ﻌ ﻮﻝ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮ ﺏ( ﻭﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﻞ ﺩ ‪ ٥‬ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻌﻞ ﺩ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻧ ﻌﺎﻣ ﻠ ﻪ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎﻣ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻔ ﺮﺩ ﻓ ﻴ ﺨ ﺎﻟ ﻒ ﻣ ﻌ ﺪ ﻭ ﺩ ﻩ ﻟ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﻛ ﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ‬
‫)ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺚ (‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ‪ ٢ .‬ﺗ ﺒ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺰﺀ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﻑ ﺣ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﻭﺑ ﻤﺎ ﺃ ﻧ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﻋ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻘ ﻮﺩ ) ﻳ ﻌ ﺎ ﻣ ﻞ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎﻣ ﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﻟ ﻢ( ﻓ ﻘ ﺪ ﻧﺼ ﺐ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺎﺀ ´´ ﻛ ﺸ ﻴ ﻦ‬

‫ﻩ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ )ﻣﺎ ﺋ ﺔ ‪ -‬ﺃ ~ ‪ -‬ﻣ ﻠ ﻴ ﻮ ﺅ ‪ -‬ﻣ ﻠ ﻴﺎ ﻭ(‬

‫ﺗ ﺒ ﻘﻰ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺑﺼ ﻴ ﻐﺔ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺆﻧ ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﻣ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﻣ ﺠﺮﻭﺭﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ ~ ﺩ ﺍ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴﺒ ﻲ‪ :‬ﻳ ﺸ ﻲ ﺇ ﻝ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭ ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭ ﺩ ﻭﻳ ﺘ ﺒ ﻌ ﻪ ﻑ ﺟ ﻤ ﻴ ﻊ ﺣ ﺎ ﻟﺘ ﻪ ) ﺗ ﺬ ﻛ ﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺄ ﻧﻴ ﺚ ‪ -‬ﺇ ﻓﺮﺍ ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺗ ﺜ ﻨ ﻴ ﺔ ‪ -‬ﺟ ﻤ ﻊ(‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻠ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﻨ ﺖ ﺍ ﻟ ﻮ ﻝ ﻑ ﻣ ﺪﺭﺳ ﺘﻬ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺮﻛ ﺸ ﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺮﺽ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﻳ ﻈﻬ ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﺪﺃ ﺕ ﺑ ﻘ ﺮﺍﺀ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎ ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻟ ﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻬ ﺮ‬
‫ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻠ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻧﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﺍ ﺣ ﺘ ﺎ ﺝ ﺇﻟ ﻴﻬﺎ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺮﻳﺾ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺎ ﺏ ﺑ ﻤ ﺮﺽ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺰ ﻟﺠ ﺮﺍ ﺋﻬ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺎ ﺩﻱ ﻋ ﺶ ﻭﻫ ﺬ ‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺍ ﺑ ﻌ ﺔ ﻋ ﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﻗ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻒ ﻑ ﻧ ﺠﺎ ﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻄﺎﻟ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎ ﺩ ﻱ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺸﻮﻥ ﻋ ﻠ ﻴ ﻪ ﺍ ﻟﺠ ﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺔ ~ ~‪ :‬ﻳ ﻜ ﺰ ﺑ ﻠ ﻔ ﻈﺖ ´´ ﺑﻀ ﻊ´´ ﻭ ´´ ﺑﻀ ﻌ ﺔ´´ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﻜ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﻣ ﻦ ´´ ‪ ´´٧‬ﺇ ﻝ ´´‪ ،´´٩‬ﻭﺣ ﻜ ﻤ ﻬ ﻤ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺬ ﻛ ﻲ ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺆﻧ ﺚ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﺄ ﻧ ﻴ ﺚ ﻣ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﻖ ﻧ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ´´ ﺑﻀ ﻌ ﺔ´´ )ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺚ(‪ :‬ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﻀ ﻌ ﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﻫ ﻢ‪ ) .‬ﺩﺭﻫ ﻢ ‪-‬ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮ(‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛ ﺍ‬
‫ﺗ ﺒ ﺪﺃ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤﺮﺍﺽ ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻈﻬ ﻮﺭ ﺧ ﻠﻞ ﺑﻀ ﻌ ﺔ ﺃ ﻳﺎ ﻡ‪ ) .‬ﻳ ﻮﻡ ﺓ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪ ﻭﺩ ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺜﺎ ﻧ ﺴ ﺘ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ´´ﺑﻀ ﻊ´´)ﻣ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ(‪ :‬ﻣ ﻲ ﺑﻀ ﻊ ﻣ ﺤ ﺎ ﻓ ﻆ‪) .‬ﻣ ﺤ ﻔ ﻈ ﺔ ‪-‬ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺚ(‬

‫‪ ٣‬ﻣ ﻠ ﺤ ﻮ ﻇﺔ ﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺸ ﻴ ﺔ! ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ﻑ ﻛ ﻠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻋ ﺸﺔ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺳ ﺎ ﻛ ﻨ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﻣ ﻔ ﺘ ﻮﺣ ﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻖ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ﻣ ﻐ ﺘ ﻮﺣ ﺔ‪.‬ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺘﺖﺓ ﺃﺻ ﺎ ﺑ ﻊ ‪ .‬ﺃﺣﺖ ﻗ ﺘﺖ ﻛ ﻮﻛ ﺘﺎ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛ ﺍ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺪﻭﺩ ﻣ ﺆﻧ ﺜﺎ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻲ ﺳ ﺎ ﻛ ﻨ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ! ﺭﺃ ﻳ ﺖ ﻋﻤﺜﺖ ﻧ ﺴ ﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﺈﺣ ﺪ ﻯ ﻋﻤﺜﺖﺓ ﺗ ﻠ ﻤ ﻴ ﺬ ﺓ‪.‬‬

 ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ﻗ ﺴ ﻤ ﺖ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﻮﺍ ﺳ ﺦ ﻗ ﺴ ﻤ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍ ( ﺃ ﻓ ﻌ ﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﻭﺃ ﺧ ﻮﺍ ﺗ ﻬ ﺎ‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻛﺎ ﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺧ ﻮﺍ ﺗ ﻬ ﺎ‬
‫‪ ( ٢‬ﺣ ﺮﻭ ﻑ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﺇ ﻥ ﻭﺃ ﺧ ﻮﺍ ﺗ ﻬ ﺎ‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﺍ ﻟ ﺤ ﺮ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺸ ﺒ ﻬ ﺔ ﺩ ﺍﺍ ﻟ ﻴ ﺲ‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﺍﺍ ﻟ ﻠﺎﺍ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﺎ ﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﺠ ﻨ ﺲ‬

‫ﺃ ﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍ ﻟ ﻠﺌ ﻌﺎ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﺌﺎ ﺳ ﺤ ﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ) -‬ﻛ ﻞ ﻭﺃ ﺋ ﻮﺍ ﺭ(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺪﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻤ ﻠﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻤ ﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﺘﻔﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺒ ﺘ ﺪﺃ ﻭﺗ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻰ‪ ) :‬ﻛﺎ ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻇ ﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺻ ﺒ ﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻣ ﺲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺭ( ﻭ) ﻣﺎﺯﺍ ﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺑﺮ ﺡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻓ ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧ ﻐ ﻚ( ﻭ ) ﻟ ﻴ ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍ ( (‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻠ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﺭﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﺞ ﻣ ﺘﺎ ﺗﺘ ﺎ ﻟﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎ ﺣ ﺜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﺠ ﺘﻬ ﺪﻳﻦ ﻑ ﺑ ﺤ ﺜﻬ ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ) -‬ﻙ ﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺋ ﻮﺍ ~(~ ﺗ ﺪ ﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﻣ ﺒ ﺘ ﺪﺃ ﺧ ﺒ ﻪ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠﺔ ﻓ ﻌ ﻠﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺘﻔﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺒ ﺘ ﺪﺃ ﻭﺗ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗ ﻨ ﻘ ﺴ ﻢ‬
‫ﺇ ﻝ ﺛ ﻠﺌﺔ ﺃ ﻗ ﺴﺎ ﺩ‪ :‬ﺃ ﻓ ﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻘ ﺎﺭﺑﺔ ) ﻛ ﺎ ﺩ<ﺃﻭﺵ ‌«ﻛﺮﺏ ) ﺗ ﺪﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﻗﺮﺏ ﻭ ﻗﻤ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺐ ((‬
‫ﻭﺃ ﻓ ﻌﺎﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜ ﻴﺔ ﺃﻫ ﻤﻬﺎ ) ﺳ ﻊ<ﺑ ﺪﺃﺀﺟ ﻌ ﻞ‪ -‬ﻃﻔ ﻖ‪-‬ﺃ ﺧ ﺬ‪-‬ﻋ ﻠ ﻖ‪ -‬ﻩ ‌« ﻗﺎ ﻡ ‪ )...‬ﺗ ﺪﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺸﻮﻉ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌﻤ ﻞ (( ﻭﺃ ﻓ ﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﺎﺀ )ﻋ ﺲ‪-‬ﺣ ﺮﻯ‪-‬ﺍﺧ ﻠﻮﻟﻖ ) ﺗ ﺪﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﺭﻳﻌ ﺎﺀ ﻭ ﻗﻤ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺐ ((‬
‫ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻄﺮ ﻳ ﻨﻬ ﻤ ﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﺷ ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎﺣ ﺜ ﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﺠ ﺪﻭﺍ ﻟ ﻘﺎ ﺗﺘ ﺎ ﻟ ﻠﻤﺮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧ ﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺎ ﺳ ﺨﺔ‪) :‬ﻧ ﺘ ﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣ ﻨﻬﺎ ﻫ ﻨﺎ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺃ ﺧﻮﺍﺗﻬﺎ(‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻤ ﺪ ﻛ ﺮ ﻣﻤ ﺪ ﻛﺎﺫ ﻭﺃﺣﻮ<ﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻝ ﻭﺃ ﺋ ﻮﺍ ﺭ‪ .‬ﺗ ﺪ ﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻤ ﻠﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻤ ﻴ ﺔ ﻗ ﺘ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺒ ﺘ ﺪﺃ ﻭﺗ ﺘﻚ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺐ ﻣﺮﻓ ﻮﻋ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺇ ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟ ﻴ ﺖﺀ ﻟ ﻌ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜ ﺊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻥ‬
‫)ﻟﺘ ﺴ ﻴﻞ‪1‬ﻟﻘﺎﻣﺪﺓ ﻡﺗﺌﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺪﻯ‪1‬ﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‪ :‬ﻟﺤﻒ ﺃﺫ ﺟﻤﻴﻮ ﻫﺬ ﻩ‪1‬ﻟﻌﺮﻡﻑ‪1‬ﻟﻨﺎ ﺳﻐﺔ ﺗﻨﺘ ﻮ~~ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘ ﻌﺔ~~‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻱ ﺗﻨﻤﺐ ﻣﺎﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺛﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﺘﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﺒﻤﺮﻓﻮ ﻗﺎﺍ‬
‫ﺃ ﻣ ﺜ ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺙ ﺍ ﻟﺨﺼﺎ ﺋﻴ ﻲ ﻣﺼ ﻨ ﻐ ﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻗ ﺘﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﺤ ﺔ‪) .‬ﺍ ﻟﺨﺼﺎ ﺋ ﻴ ﻲ‪ :‬ﺍ ﺳ ﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮ ﺏ‪ .‬ﻣﺼ ﻔ ﻐ ﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺧ ﺐ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻓ ﻊﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻭﺍﺓ ﻓ ﻌﺎ ﻝ‪) .‬ﺍﻟ ﺪﻭﺍ ﺓ‪ :‬ﺍ ﺳ ﻢ ﺇﻥ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮ ﺏ‪ .‬ﻓ ﻌﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﺐ ﺇﻥ ﻣﺮ ﻓﻤ ﻪ(‬
‫ﻣ ﻠ ﻌ ﻮﻇﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﺃ ﻟ ﺤ ﻘ ﺖ ´´ ﻣﺎ´´ ﺍﻟﺰﺍ ﺋ ﺪ ﺓ ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺸ ﺒﻬ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻟ ﻐﻌ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﻔ ﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻴﻴﻌ ﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌ ﺪﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺒ ﺘ ﺪﺃ ﻭﺧ ﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺇ ﻧﻤﺎ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﻣ ﻐ ﻠ ﺤﻮ ﺫ‪ ) .‬ﻓ ﻞ ﻳﺼ ﺢ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﻝ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺼ ﺎ ﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻐ ﻠ ﺤﻮ ﺫ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻏ ﻲ ﺃﻥ ´´ﻟ ﻴ ﺖ´´ ﻳ ﺠﻮﺯ ﻓ ﻴﻬﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻤﺎﻝ ) ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﺍ ﻟﺮﺟ ﺢ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﻟﻬ ﻤﺎﻝ )ﺃ ﻱ‪ :‬ﻋ ﺪ ﻡ ﺇﻋ ﻤﺎ ﻟﻬ ﺎ( ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗ ﻠ ﺤ ﻘ ﻬﺎ ´´ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻜ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻟ ﻴ ﺘ ﻤﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ﺋﺰﻭﻥ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘ ﻐ ﻠﻮﻥ ﺃ ﻭ ﻟ ﻴ ﺘ ﻤﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐﺎ ﺋﺰﻳ ﻦ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘ ﻔ ﻠ ﻮﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﺍﺗﺼ ﻠ ﺖ ﺍ ﻟﺤ ﺮﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺸ ﺘﻬ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ‪ ´´.‬ﻣ ﺎ´´‪ ،‬ﺟ ﺎﺯ ﺩ ﺧ ﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺇ ﻧ ﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻔ ﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺼ ﺎ ﺑﺮﻭ ﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ´ ‪ ٩‬ﺍ ﺍ ~ﻥ ﺍ ~ﺯ‬
‫ﻇ ﺮ ~ ﺍﻟ ﺰﻣ ﺎ ﻥ‪ :‬ﺍ ﺳ ﻢ ﻳﻞ ﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﻥﻣ ﻦ ﺣ ﻞ ﻭ ﺙ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﻭﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺗ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻇ ﺮ ~ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎ ﻥ‪ :‬ﺍ ﺳ ﻢ ﻳﻞ ﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﻣ ﻜ ﺎ ﻥ ﺣ ﻞ ﻭ ﺙ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﻭﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺗ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﻇﺮ ~ ﺍﻟ ﺰﻣ ﺎ ﻥ‪) :‬ﺻ ﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺎ؟ ﻣ ﺴ ﺎ ﺓ؟ ﻟ ﻴ ﻞ؟ ﺻ ﻴ ﻘ ﺎ؟ ﺭﺑ ﻴ ﻘ ﺎ ‪(...‬‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﻇﺮ ~ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎ ﻥ‪) :‬ﺑﻴ ﺊ؟ ﺗ ﺤﻤﺖ؟ ﻓ ﻮ ﻕ؟ ﺣ ﻮﻟﺖ؟ ﻭﺳ ﻂ؟ ﻳ ﺴ ﺎﺭ ‪(...‬‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﺳ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺄ ﻱ ﻳ ﻞ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎ ﻥ ﺃ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎ ﻥ ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﺠ ﺮﻭﺍﺭ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟﻀ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻠﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ ﺟ ﺮﻯ ﻃﺒ ﻴ ﺒ ﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻠ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﻴ ﻞ‪ ) .‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﻥﻫﺎ ﻥ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮ ﺏ(‬
‫ﻳ ﻨ ﺒﻤﺖ ﻫ ﺄﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻤﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺒ ﺎﺗ ﺎ ﺕ ﺻ ﻴ ﻘ ﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﺯﻫﺎ ﻥ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮ ﺏ(‬
‫ﻭﺿ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺨ ﺺ ﻳ ﻞ _ ﺗ ﺤ ﺖ ﻭﺟ ﻬ ﻪ ﻭﺍ ﺳ ﻨ ﺎ ﺩ ﻭﺟ ﻬ ﻪ ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘﺐ ﺇﻳﻤ ﺎﺀ ﺓ ﻣ ﻠ ﻞ ﻑ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﺴ ﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﻜ ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮ ﺏ(‬

‫~ ﺋﺜ ﺌ ﺜ ﺌ ﻨ ﺜ ﻤ ﺬ‬
‫ﺣ ﺮﻭﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺗ ﺪﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻀﺎ ‪،‬ﻉ ﻓ ﺘ ﻨﺼ ﺒ ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣ ﺮﻭﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺗ ﻘﻤ ﺘ ﻢ ﻗ ﺴ ﻤ ﻲ‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺃ ﺣ ﺮﻑ ﺗ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺑ ﻨ ﻔ ﺴ ﻬﺎ )ﺃ ﺫ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻙ‪،‬ﺇ ﺫ ﻥ (‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺃﺣ ﺮﻑ ﺗ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀ ﻤﺮﺓ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪﻫﺎ )ﺣ ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﺤ ﻮ ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺒ ﺒ ﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻭ‬
‫)ﺍ ﻟ ﺖ ﺗ ﺄﺕ ﺑ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺇ ﻝ ﺃ ﺫ ﺃ ﻭ ﺇ ﻝ ﺃ ﻥ((‬
‫‪ -‬ﻝ ( ﺍ ﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺕ ﻗ ﺒ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻀﺎ ‪:‬ﻉ ﻭﺗ ﻐ ﻴ ﺪ ﺃ ﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪﻫﺎ ﻋ ﻠ ﺔ ﻑ ﺣ ﺪﻭ ﺙ ﻣﺎ ﻗ ﺒ ﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﺠ ﺤ ﻮ ﺩ‪ :‬ﺟ ﺤ ﺪ ‪ -‬ﺃ ﻧ ﻜ ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻣ ﺎ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺭﺑ ﻚ ﻟ ﻴ ﻈﻠ ﻢ ﻋ ﺒﺎ ﺩ ﻩ‪ .‬ﺍ ﻟ ﻠ ﻢ ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﺠ ﺤ ﻮﺩ ﺟ ﺤ ﺪ ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺟ ﻤ ﻠﺔ ´´ ﻳ ﻈ ﻠ ﻢ´´ ﺧ ﺎﺒ ﻟ ﺮﺑ ﻚ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮ ﻁ ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﺠ ﺤ ﻮ ﺩ ﺃ ﺫ ﻳ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻫ ﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻋ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ﻥ ﺗ ﺠ ﺤ ﺪ ﺇ ﺳ ﻨﺎ ﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪﻫ ﺎ ﺇ ﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻗ ﺒ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃ ﻥ ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻗ ﺒ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﻛﻴ ﻨ ﻮﻧ ﺔ ﻣ ﻨ ﻔﻲ ) ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎ ﺫ ‪/‬ﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜ ﻦ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌﻴ ﺔ‪ :‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﺟ ﺎﺀ ﺕ ﻗ ﺒﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀﺎ ‪،‬ﻉ ﻭﺃ ﻓﺎ ﺩ ﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪﻫﺎ ﺣ ﺪ ﺙ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼ ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻌ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪﻫ ﺎ‬
‫ﻟ ﻞ‪ :‬ﻝ ﺗ ﻨﻪ ﻋ ﻦ ﺧ ﻠﻖ ﻭﺗﺄﺕ ﻣ ﺜ ﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﻠﺔ ‪ ٠‬ﻣ ﻘﺎ ﻟﺖ ´ ﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺸ ﻠ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻋ ﺎ ﺵ ﻳ ﻌ ﻦ ﺣ ﺪ ﻭ ﺙ ﻣ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠ ﺖ ﻟ ﻪ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺮﻛ ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ ﺘ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﺠ ﻮﺀ ﻟ ﻠ ﺘ ﺤ ﻐ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻴ ﻖ ﻟ ﻠ ﺪ ﻣﺎﻍ ﻱ ﺗ ﺨ ﻐ ﻒ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺍ ﻫﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺐ ﺣ ﺬ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻮﻥ ﻑ ﺣ ﺎ ﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻌ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔﺀ ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ ﻫﻲ!‬
‫ﻛ ﻞ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﺍ ﺗﺼ ﻠ ﺖ ﺑ ﻪ ﺃ ﻟ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺰ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﺎﻋ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺆﻧ ﺜ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺨﺎ ﻃ ﺒﺔﺀ ﻭﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻣ ﺘﺼﺮﻓ ﺔ ﻣ ﻊ‬
‫ﺧ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ ﺿﻤ ﺎ ﺋ ﺮ) ﻫ ﻢ‪-‬ﻫ ﻤ ﺎ‪-‬ﺃ ﻧ ﺘ ﻢ‪-‬ﺃ ﻧ ﺘ ﻤﺎ ‪-‬ﺃ ﻧ ﺖ(‬
‫ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑ ﺤ ﺚ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄﺒﺎ ﺀ ﻛ ﺜ ﻴﺎ ﻱ ﻳ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﺍ ﻋ ﻠﺘﺘ ﺎ ﻟﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺮﺽ‪) .‬ﺧ ﻄﺄ ﺃ ﻥ ﺗ ﻜ ﺘ ﺐ ﻙ ﻳ ﺠ ﺪ ﻭﻥ)‬
‫ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻐ ﺮﻳ ﻖ ﺑ ﻲ ﻟ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞ ﻭ ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻟ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞ ﻧﺎﺻ ﺒ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﺟ ﺎﺯﻣ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﻐ ﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺟ ﻞ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ‪ .‬ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ! ﻟ ﺘ ﺬﻫ ﺐ ﺇ ﻝ ﻗﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺗ ﻘ ﺪ ﻳ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﻮ ﺙ‪ ) .‬ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺠﺎﺯﻣ ﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻟ ﺘ ﺬﻫ ﺒ ﻮﺍ ﺇ ﻝ ﻗﺎﻋ ﺔ ﺗ ﻘ ﺎ ﻳ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﻮﺙ ) ﻟﻮ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻌ ﻞ ﺗ ﺄﻫ ﺒ ﻮﺍ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻌﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻤ ﺴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺟ ﺰﻣ ﻪ‬
‫ﺣ ﺬ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻮﻥ(‬
‫ﻳ ﻌ ﻄﻰ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺮﻳﺾ ﻋ ﺬ ﺓ ﺃ ﺩ ﻭﻳ ﺔ ﻟ ﻴ ﺨ ﻐ ﻔﺖ ﻋ ﻨ ﻪ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻢ‪ ) .‬ﻟ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺎﺻ ﺒ ﺔ(‬

‫~ >~‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﻮﻛﻴ ﺪ ﻧﻮﻋ ﺎﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻔ ﻈﻲ )ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺑ ﺘﻜ ﺮﺍﺭﺍﺳ ﻢ ﻇﺎﻫ ﺮ‪ -‬ﺍﺳ ﻢ ﻣﻀﻤ ﺮ ‪ -‬ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ‪ -‬ﺣﺮﻑ ‪ -‬ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻮﻱ ﻳ ﺸ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍﻟﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺘ ﻴ ﺔ‪ :‬ﻛ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺘ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻞ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﻤ ﻴ ﻊ‪،‬ﺃﺟ ﻤ ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ ﻓ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﺎﻫ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻐ ﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﺍﺑ ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺎﻳﻌ ﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺎ ﻳﺘ ﺒ ﻊ ﺍﻟﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺖ ﺗ ﺴ ﺒ ﻘ ﻪ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺮﺍ ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣ ﺜ ﻠﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺼ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﺜﺎﻥ ﻛ ﻠﻬ ﻤﺎ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺮﻛﺰ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ‪ ) .‬ﻛ ﻠﻬ ﻤﺎ ﺗ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﺍﺑ ﻊﺀ ﻓ ﻴ ﺘ ﺒ ﻊ ﻣ ﺎ ﻗ ﺒ ﻠ ﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﺜﺎﻥ ﻓ ﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻣﺮﻓﻤﻞ ﻭﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺭﻓ ﻌ ﻪ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻒ ﻟﻨ ﻪ ﻣ ﺜ ﻦ(‬
‫ﺳ ﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻐ ﺮﻳ ﻘ ﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﺜ ﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﻬ ﻤ ﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻛﻠﻴﻬ ﻤﺎ ﺗ ﻮﻛﻴ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﺍﺑ ﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻴ ﺘ ﺒ ﻊ ﻣ ﺎ ﻗ ﺒ ﻠ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺤ ﺜ ﻲ ﻣ ﻔ ﻌ ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑ ﻪ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺏ ﻭﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻧﺼ ﺒ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻴﺎﺀ ﻟﻨ ﻪ ﻣ ﺜ ﻦ(‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﺟ ﺎﺀ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟﻠﻐ ﺎ ﻅ ﺍﻟﺖ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻧﺎﻫ ﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺎ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻮﻱ ﺗ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺂﺍ‪ :‬ﻭﺟ ﺐ ﺍﺗﺼ ﺎﻟﻬ ﺎ ﺑﻀﻤ ﻴ ﻴﻌ ﻮﺩ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺆﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻬ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﻤ ﻴ ﻌﻬ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺘﻬ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎ ﻓ ﺘﻬ ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟ ﻔ ﻈﺔ ﺍﺍﺃﺟ ﻤ ﻊ´´ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺎ ﻡ ﻣ ﻠ ﺤ ﻘ ﺔ ﺑ ﺠﻤ ﻊ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺄ ﻛﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﻟ ﻢ‪ :‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﻓ ﻊ )ﺃﺟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻮﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﺠ ﺮ)ﺃﺟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟ ﻔ ﻈﺘﺎ )ﻧﻐ ﺲ‪-‬ﻋ ﻲ(‪ :‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺜ ﻦ )ﻧﻐ ﺲ ‌«~ ﺃﻧﻐ ﺴﻬ ﻤ ﺎ ‪ /‬ﻋ ﻲ ‌»~ ﺃﻋ ﻴ ﻨﻬ ﻤ ﺎ(‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻤ ﻊ )ﻧﻐ ﺲ ‌»~ ﺃﻧﻐ ﺴﻬ ﻢ ‪/‬ﻋ ﻲ ‌«~ ﺃﻋ ﻴ ﻨﻬ ﻢ(‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺶ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻤ ﻊ‪) :‬ﻧﻐ ﺲ‪-‬ﻋ ﻲ( ‌«~ )ﺃﻧﻐ ﺲ ‪ -‬ﺃﻋ ﻲ( ‪ .‬ﺿﻤ ﻴﻌ ﺎﺋﻞ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺆﻛ ﺎ )ﻫ ﻤ ﺎ ‪/‬ﻫ ﻢ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﺣ ﺬ ﻑ ﻓ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﺔ‬
‫ﺣ ﻮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﺔ‪ .‬ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟ ﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳ ﺤ ﺬﻑ ﺣ ﺮﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀﺎ>ﻉ ﻑ ﺣ ﺎﻝ ﺋ ﺒ ﻖ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻌﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀﺎ ‪:‬ﻉ ﺑﺄ ﺩﻭﺍ ﺕ ﺟ ﺰﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﻟ ﻢﺀ ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺎ ﻫﻴ ﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻑ ﺣ ﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﺃ ﻣﺮ ﻓ ﻔ ﻌﻞ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮ ﻣ ﺠﺰﻭ ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﻑ ﺣ ﺎﻝ ﺳ ﺒﻖ ﺑﺄ ﺩﻭﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺠﺎﺯﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺃ ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗ ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﻴﻐﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬ ﻤ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﺉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﺎ ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳ ﻨﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻴ ﺜﻤ ﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ ﻣﺜ ﻠ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻟ ﻢ ﻳ ﻨ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺨ ﻰ ﺳﺎﻋ ﺎ ﺕ ﻛﺎ ﻓ ﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫ ﻟ ﻚ ﺳ ﻴ ﺆﺛﺮ ﻋ ﻞ ﺻ ﺤﺘ ﻪ‪) .‬ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻳﻨﺎ ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣ ﺬﻑ ﺣ ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻨﺎ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻒ ﻟﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺳ ﺒ ﻘ ﺖ ﺑ ﺤﺮﻑ ﺟ ﺰﻡ(‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺄ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﺎ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺭﻓ ﻊ ﺟ ﻤ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺎﻟ ﻢ )ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﻭ( ﻭﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻧﺼ ﺒ ﻪ ﻭ ﺟﻖﺑ ﻪ )ﺍﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ؟(‬ ‫ﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺣ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺮﻓ ﻊ‪ :‬ﻃﻖﺭ ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎ ﺣ ﺜ ﻮﻥ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﺞ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻳﻤ ﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎﺣ ﺜ ﻮﻥ( ﻓﺎﻋ ﻞ ﻣﺮﻓﺤ ﻪ ﻭﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺭﻓ ﻌ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﻭ ﻟﻨ ﻪ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺣ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺐ‪ :‬ﺳ ﺎ ﻛ ﺪ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺸﻜ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺎ ﺣ ﺜ ﻲ ﻑ ﺗ ﻮ ﻓ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺎ ﻝ ﻟﻬ ﻢ ﻟﺴ ﺘ ﻴ ﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻣ ﻮﺭ ﺑ ﺤ ﺜﻬ ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎ ﺣ ﺜ ﻲ( ﻣ ﻔ ﻌ ﻮﻝ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻧﺼ ﺒ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻴﺎ< ﻟﻨ ﻪ ﺟ ﻤ ﻊ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻩ ﻣ ﺜﺎﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﻖ ﺭﺋ ﻴ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺮﻛ ﺰ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺒﺎﺣ ﺜ ﻲ ﻟ ﻴ ﺘ ﻔ ﻘ ﺪ ﺳ ﻴﺎﻟ ﻌﻤ ﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﺍ ~ ﻑ ﺍ ~ ﻓ ﺎ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﻪ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻀﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧ ﺴ ﺒ ﺔ ﺍ ‪7‬ﺳ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻀﺎ ﻑ )ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ( ﻳ ﻌﺮﺏ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﻣ ﻮ ﻗ ﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ ﻣﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻀﺎ ﻑ ﺇﻟ ﻴﻪ )ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻝ( ﻓﺈﻧ ﻪ ﻣ ﺠﺮﻭﺭ ﺩﺍ ﺋ ﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺃ ﻣ ﺜ ﻠ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺘ ﺤ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺸ ﻴ ﺢ ﻣ ﻞﺀ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺠ ﺜ ﺚ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨ ﻄ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻢ ﺇﺟ ﺮﺍﺀ ﻫ ﺬ ‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺠﺮﺑ ﺔ ﻑ ﺑ ﻴ ﻮ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟ ﺒﺎ ﺣ ﺜ ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﻝ ~~´ ﻣﻤﺔ ﺗ ﺤ ﺬﻑ ﺃ‬ ‫ﻑﺍ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻠ ﻢ‪ :‬ﻟ ﻢ )ﻳﺖ ﻳﺒ ﺤ ﺚ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄﺒﺎﺀ ﻑ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮﻣ ﺴﻞ ﺑ ﺸ ﺪ ﺓ ؟(‬
‫ﻑ‪ :‬ﻓ ﻴ ﻢ ) ﻓ ﻴ ﻢ ﺍﺧ ﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺤ ﻠﻮﻝ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺜﺎ ﻥ ؟(‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺒﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﺕ ) ﺓ ﻓ ﻜﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎﻟ ﻢ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻟﺤ ﻆ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻈﺎ ﻫﺮﺓ ؟(‬
‫ﻋ ﻦ‪ :‬ﻭﺗ ﺪﻏ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻮ ﺫ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻴ ﻢ ﻓﺘﺼ ﺒ ﺢ‪ :‬ﻋ ﻢ )ﻋﺖ ﻳﻤ ﻜ ﻨ ﻨﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ ﻑ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻘ ﺎ ﻝ ؟(‬
‫ﻣ ﻦ‪ :‬ﻣ ﻢ ) ﻣ ﻢ ﺗ ﺘﺄﻟ ﻒ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺰﻳﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ؟(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋ ﻞ‪ :‬ﻋ ﻠ ﻢ )ﻋ ﻞ( ﺍ ﺧ ﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻑ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺪﺭﺍ ﺳ ﺔ ؟(‬
‫ﺣ ﻖ‪ :‬ﺣ ﺘﺂ ﻡ )ﺣ ﺘﺂ ﻡ ﺳ ﺘ ﻈﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺪﺭﺍ ﺳ ﺎ ﺕ ﻗﺎ ﺋﻤ ﺔ ؟(‬
‫ﺇ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺇ ﻟﻢ )ﺇ ﻟ ﻢ ﻧ ﻈﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤﺎﺀ ؟(‪.‬‬

‫~‬
‫ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻋ ﻞﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺍ ~‬
‫ﻣ ﻨ ﺸ ﺄ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻠ ﻮﻛﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﻏ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﻴ ﻌ ﻴ ﺔ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻔ ﻜ ﻴ ﻐ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﻴ ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛ ﻠ ﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﻘ ﺪ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺎ ﺏ‬
‫ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺸ ﻠ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺵ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺩﺍ ﺩ ﺕ ﻛ ﻨ ﺪ _ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤﺮﺍ ﺽ‪.‬‬
‫~‬
‫ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺤﺢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﻧ ﻮﺍﺡ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻜ ﺰﻳﻤ ﺎ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍ ﻟ ﻜ ﺆ‬
‫ﺷ ﻴ ﻮ ﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻟ ﺘ ﺴ ﻬ ﻴ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﺑﺘ ﻖﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺽ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻘ ﺎ ﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺇ ﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮﺟ ﺰ‬
‫ﻳ ﺨ ﺘ ﺼ ﺎﻟ ﻤ ﻔ ﻬ ﻮﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﻝ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺒ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺋﻴ ﺲ ﻫ ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻬ ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍ ﺩ ﺧ ﻞ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻔ ﺤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺮﺋﻴ ﺴ ﺔ ﻟﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﻗ ﻊ‬
‫‪-‬ﺗ ﻨ ﺎ ﻭﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄ ﻌ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻨ ﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻜ ﺎﻟ ﺴ ﻴ ﻮ ﻡ ﺃﻣ ﺮ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎ ﺱ‬
‫ﻟ ﻨ ﻤ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻈﺎ ﻡ‬
‫‪-‬ﻫ ﺬﻫﺪ ﺭﻛ ﻲﺓ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎ ﺱ ﻑ‬
‫ﻣ ﺸﻮﻋ ﻨﺎ ﻫ ﺬ ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠ ﻢ ﻋ ﻞ ﺳﺒﻄ ﺎ ﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺜﻞ ﻱ ﻗ ﺪ ﺍﻧ ﺘ ﺸ ﻜ ﺜ ﺎﻴ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍ ﻟﻮﻧ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺨ ﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺇ ﺫ ﺍ ﻛ ﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺪ ﻳ ﺚ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﻜ ﻨ ﻮﻟ ﻮﺟ ﻴﺎ ﺃﺻ ﻐ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺬﺍ ﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻫ ﺎﺯﺍ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﺎﺀ ﻳﺒ ﺤ ﺜ ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻋ ﻦ ﻣ ﺴ ﺒ ﺒ ﺎ ﺕ ﻫ ﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻨ ﻰ‪.‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~ﻝ ~‬ ‫~~ ‪~ .‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻮﺍ ~‬ ‫~‬ ‫ﻣ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻛ ﻞﺭ ﺍ‬ ‫~‬ ‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺃ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺮﻳ ﻒ ﺗ ﺪﺧ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻨ ﺸ ﺄ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻠﻮ ﻟ ﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺇ ﺩﺧ ﺎ ﻝ ﺃ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺮﻳ ﻒ ﻋ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻏ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒ ﻴ ﻌ ﻴ ﺔ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻔ ﻜ ﻴ ﺎﻟ ﻐ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻧ ﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺒ ﻴ ﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺘ ﺐ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﻑ‬ ‫ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﻘ ﺪ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺎ ﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻜ ﺮﺍ ﺭ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﺮﺓ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﺸ ﻠ ﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻌ ﺎ ﺵ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍ ﺩ ﺕ ﻛ ﻨ ﺪ ﻩ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻤﺮﺍ ﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﻄ ﺎﺑ ﻘ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻤ ﻴﻴ ﻤ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺤﺢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃ ﻧ ﻮﺍﺡ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺨ ﺎﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻤ ﻴﻴ ﻤ ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ ﻌ ﻮﺩ ﻣﻠ ﻴ ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟﻜ ﺰﻳﻤ ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝ ~‬ ‫ﻳ ﻌ ﻮﺩ ﻣﻠﻴ ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷ ﻴ ﻮ ﺗﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺴ ﻬ ﻴ ﻞ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺨ ﺘﺼ ﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪-‬ﻟ ﺘ ﺒ ﺴ ﻴ ﻂ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﺑﺘ ﻖﻯ‬ ‫ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﻌ ﻤ ﺎ ﻝ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﺴ ﻴ ﻂ‬
‫ﻟ ﻴ ﺲ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎ ﻥ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺽ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻑ‬ ‫ﺑ ﻤ ﻌﺾ ﺳ ﻬ ﻞ ﺃ ﻭ ﻣ ﺨ ﺘ ﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑ ﺴ ﻴ ﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻘ ﺎ ﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺴ ﻴ ﻂ‬
‫ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎ ﻥ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻳ ﺨ ﺘ ﺼ ﺎﻟ ﻤ ﻌﻬ ﻮ ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫´´ﺑ ﺴ ﻴ ﻂ´´‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻤ ﺘ ﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﺳ ﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺑ ﻴ ﺲ )ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﺬ ﻛﺮ(‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻳﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﻝ ﺇ ﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺿ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﻳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺴ ﺒ ﺔ ﺇ ﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﺒ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺋ ﻴ ﺴﻰ ﻫ ﻮ‬ ‫ﻟ ﻔ ﻈ ﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭ~ﻣﺭﺴﻤ ﺔ )ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﺆﻧ ﺚ(‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺍﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻬ ﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺭ ﺭ ~‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍ ﺩ ﺧ ﻞ ﺇ ﻯ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻔ ﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫~~~ ~ ~´‬ ‫~ ~~‬
‫)ﻝﻝ ﻭﻥ ﻛﺮ‪1> .‬ﻝ ﻭﺅﻧ ﺚ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺮﺋ ﻴ ﺴ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﻗ ﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗ ﻨ ﺎ ﻭﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄ ﻌ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻨ ﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ ﺎﻟ ﻜ ﺎﻟ ﺴ ﻴ ﻮ ﻡ ﺃﻣ ﺮ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎ ﻣ ﻲ‬
‫ﻟ ﻨ ﻤ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻈ ﺎ ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺭﻛ ﻲﺓ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎ ﺳ ﻴ ﺔ ﻑ‬
‫ﻣ ﺸﻮ ﻣﻨ ﺎ ﻫ ﺬ ﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ´´ﺗﻜ ﻠ ﻢ´´ ﻭﻣ ﺸ ﺘ ﻘ ﺎﺗ ﻪ‬ ‫‪-‬ﺇ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠ ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻄ ﺎ ﻥ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ´´ﺗﻜ ﻠ ﻢ´´‬
‫ﻳ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﻯ ‪´´.‬ﻋ ﻞ´´‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺜ ﺪ ﻱ ﻗ ﺪ ﺍ ﻧﺘ ﺸ ﻜﺜ ﺎﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ ﺸ ﺘ ﻘ ﺎﺗ ﻪ) ﺍﻟﻜ ﻠ ﻢ‪-‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻮﻧ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺨ ﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎﻟ ﻤ ﺔ‪´´. ( .... -‬ﻋ ﻦ´´‪.‬‬
‫ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ´´ﺗ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ´´‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺇ ﺫ ﺍ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺚ ﻋ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻌ ﺪﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ´´ﺗ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ´´‬
‫ﻭﻣ ﺸ ﺘ ﻘ ﺎﺗ ﻪ ﻳﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﻜ ﻨ ﻮﻟ ﻮﺟ ﻴﺎ ﺃﺻ ﻐ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻣ ﺸ ﺘ ﻘ ﺎﺗ ﻪ )ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺚ‪-‬‬
‫‪´´.‬ﻋ ﻦ´´‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺬﺍ ﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺎ ﺩﺛ ﺔ ‪ ´´. ( ...‬ﻣ ﻞ´´‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺰﺍ ﻝ ﺗ ﻔ ﻴ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺪﻋ ﺎﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻟﺰﺍ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﺎﺀ ﻳ ﺒ ﺤ ﺜ ﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻟﺰﺍ ﻝ ﺑ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﺤ ﻴ ﺢ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ‬ ‫ﻋ ﻦ ﻣ ﺴ ﺒ ﺒ ﺎ ﺕ ﻫ ﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣ ﺎﺯﺍ ﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ ﺎﺯﺍ ﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ﺼﺾ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣ ﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ؟‬

‫ﻫ ﻞ ﻫ ﻴ ﻜﻤ ﺎ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘ ﻘ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺜ ﻴ ﺒ ﺄ ﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻧ ﻘ ﻞ ﻣ ﻌ ﻦ ﻛﻠ ﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻭ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﻓ ﻘ ﺮﺓ ﺃ ﻭ ﻧ ﺺ ﻣ ﻦ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻝ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺃ ﺧ ﺮﻯ ؟‬

‫ﻓ ﻔﻲ ﺣ ﻲ ﻛﺎ ﻥ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﺑﻬ ﺬ ‪ ٥‬ﺍ ﻟ ﺒ ﺴ ﺎ ﻃ ﺔ؟ ﻓ ﻞ ﺣ ﺎ ﺟ ﺔ ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺣ ﻖ ﻭ ﺟ ﻮ ﺩ ﻣ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺎ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻴ ﺴ ﺖ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻬ ﻞ ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﻳ ﺘﺼ ﻮﺭ ‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺜ ﻴ ﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺎ ﺱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋ ﻠ ﻢ ﻭ ﻓ ﻦ ﻭ ﺫ ﻭ ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋ ﺎﻟ ﻢ ﺧ ﺎ ﺹ ﻭﻣ ﺠ ﺎ ﻟ ﻬ ﺎ ﻭﺍ ﺳ ﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﻌ ﺮ ﻑ ﺑ ﺄ ﻧﻬ ﺎ ﺣ ﻘ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃ ﻫ ﻢ ﺣ ﻘ ﻮ ﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺮﻓ ﺔ ﻋ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺎ ﺭ ﻳ ﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﺘ ﻤ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﺘ ﻨ ﻤ ﻞ ﻓ ﺮﻭﻋ ﻬ ﺎ ﻭﺗ ﺨﺼ ﺼ ﺎ ﺗ ﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻄ ﺒ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻬ ﻨ ﺪ ﺳ ﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻠ ﻜ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺋ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﻠﻤ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﺪﺑ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﻏ ﻴﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺜ ﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻋ ﻤ ﻠ ﻴ ﺔ ﺗ ﺤ ﺮ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻠﻠ ﻬ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻋ ﻞ ﺇﻋ ﺎ ﺩ ﺓ ﻣ ﻀ ﻤ ﻮﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺺ ﻣ ﻦ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﻨ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ‬
‫ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺃ ﺧ ﺮﻯ ﺑ ﺈ ﺿﻐ ﺎﺀ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺔ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺺ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺎ ﻓ ﻈ ﺔ ﻋ ﻞ ﺃ ﻣ ﺎ ﻧ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺼ ﺤ ﻴ ﺢ ﻟ ﻠ ﻨ ﺺ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻨ ﺠ ﺪ ﺃ ﻥ‬
‫ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﻭ ﻓ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻳ ﻌ ﻄ ﻴ ﻨﺎ ﺻ ﻴ ﺎﻏ ﺔ ﺃ ﺟ ﻤ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣ ﺮﺍﻋ ﺎ ﺓ ﺗ ﻐ ﺎ ﺩ ﻱ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺮﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ﻛﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺗ ﺒﺂ ﻭﻣ ﺆﻟ ﻐﺂ‬
‫ﻟ ﻠ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗ ﺪ ﻳ ﻮﺍ ﺟ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺜ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺸﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳﺼ ﻌ ﺐ ﺣ ﻠﻬﺎ ﻑ ﻛﺜ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺤ ﻴ ﺎ ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳ ﺪﺭﺱ ﻋ ﻠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﺩ ﻗ ﻴ ﻖ ﻟ ﺪ ﻳ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌﺮﻓ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻠ ﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻠ ﻴ ﻪ ﺍﺗ ﺒ ﺎﻋ ﻬﺎ ﻟ ﺤ ﻞ‬
‫ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌﻀ ﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﺳ ﺒ ﻴ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜ ﺎ ﻝ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳ ﻮﺍ ﺟ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻣ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﺕ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺩ ﻑ ﻟ ﻬﺎ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ ﻓ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻪ ﻑ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺷﺒﺢ ﻭﺗ ﻐ ﺴ ﻴ ﻬ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩ ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺎ ﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺈﻣ ﻜ ﺎﻧ ﻨﺎ ﺗ ﻤ ﻴ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﻘ ﻴ ﻘﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺎ ﻗ ﻞ ﻟ ﻠ ﻜ ﻠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ؟ ﻓ ﺎﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺮﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻨﺺ ﺗ ﻔ ﻘ ﺪ ﻩ ﺟ ﻤ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻋ ﻠ ﻢ ﺗ ﻄﺒ ﻴ ﻘﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻨ ﻤﺎ ﻗ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪﻫ ﺎ ﺃﻣ ﺮ ﻧ ﺴﺒ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟ ﺮﻏ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺳ ﻨ ﻌ ﺪ ﻓ ﻴ ﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻞ ﻗ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﻭﺍ ﻗ ﻊ‬

‫ﻣ ﻤ ﺎﺭﺳ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻭﺍ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲﻳ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗ ﺪ ﻳ ﺨ ﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﻣ ﻌ ﻨﺎ ﺑ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﺨﺼﺼ ﻲ ﻑ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺠﺎ ﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﻌﺾ ﺿﻤ ﻦ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺐ ﻭﺗ ﻘ ﻨ ﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘ ﻴ ﺐ ﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻪ ﻟ ﻠ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﻲ ﺃ ﻳ ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ‬
‫ﺧ ﻠﻐ ﻴ ﺘﻬ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻴ ﻤ ﻴ ﺔ؟ ﻟ ﺬﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﻧﺎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃ ﻣﺌ ﺲ ﻗ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪﻫ ﺎ ﻭﺗ ﻮﺿﻴ ﺤﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﻠ ﻨﺎ ﺑ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﻧ ﺘ ﺠﺎﻭ ﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺋ ﺤ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺠ ﻤ ﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺹ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻭﻧﺮﺗ ﻘﻲ ﺑ ﻤ ﺴ ﺘ ﻮﻯ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺎﺗ ﻨ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ ﻧ ﻮﺍﻉ ﻭﺗ ﻘ ﺴ ﻴ ﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‬

‫ﻟ ﻠ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺛ ﻠﺜ ﺔ ﺗ ﻘ ﺴ ﻴ ﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺭﺋ ﻴ ﺴ ﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ‪ :٧‬ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺿﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ‪ ٧‬ﺍ ﻩ_ﻯ ﻩ ﺃ ﺍ ﻩ ﻩ ( ﻩ ﺍ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻑ ﺇ ﻃﺎﺭ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ ) ﻛﺘ ﻔ ﺴ ﻲ ﺁ ﻳﺎ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟ ﻘ ﺮﺁ ﻥ ﺍ ﻟ ﻜ ﺮﻳ ﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧ ﻴ ﺂ‪ :‬ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺃ ﺧ ﺮﻯ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ‪ ٧‬ﺍ ﻩ_ ﻩ ﺃ ﺍ ﻩ ﻩ ( ﻩ ﺍ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺇﻯ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ‬
‫ﺃ ﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎ ﻟ ﺜ ﺂ‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣ ﻮﻥ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ‪ ٧‬ﺀ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺃ _ ﻩ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩ ( ﻩ ﺍ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‬

‫ﺑ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻣ ﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺇ ﻝ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﻳﻐﻬ ﻤ ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻴ ﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﺪﺍﺭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺘﺎ ﺩ ﻋ ﻠ ﻴ ﻪ ﻓﺎﻟ ﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻣﻌ ﺘﺎ ﺩ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﻟ ﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺃ ﻧ ﺮﻯ)~~<(~ﺍ ‪ ٧ ~~~،‬ﺍ~ ‪«‌ ،‬ﺍ‪ ~، ~-‬ﺍ(‪. ،‬ﻟ ﻮ ﻗ ﺴ ﻴﻦ ‪،‬ﺋ ﻴ ﺴ ﻴ ﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪-‬ﺗﻮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﺗ ﺤﺮ ﻳ ﻮﻳ ﺔ ) ﻩ ﻩﺃ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩﺩ‪ ٧‬ﻩ ﻩ((ﺃﺀ ﻟ ﻠ ﺎ(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺖ ﺗ ﺘ ﻢ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎﺑﺔﺀ ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ‬
‫ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ ﻮ ﺫ ﺩ ﻗ ﻴ ﻘﺂ ﻑ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋ ﺎﺓ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻐﺎ ﻅ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﺎ ﻛﻴ ﺐ ﻭﺣ ﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺤ ﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺼﻔ ﻴ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺃ ﻧ ﻮﺍ ﻗﺎ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻠ ﻐ ﻴﺼﻴﺔ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩﺩ‪ ٧‬ﻭﺀ ﺩ _ _ ﻣﻪ‪ :(5‬ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺑ ﺘ ﻠ ﺨ ﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻓ ﺴﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳ ﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻪﺀ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳ ﻘ ﺪﻣﻪ ﺑﺄﺳ ﻠ ﻮﺑﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﻐ ﺴ ﻴﻴﺔ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺁﺀ ﺩﺍﻯ ﻩ ﺩﺀﺀ ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﺩ ﻩ ﺩﺍ ﻡ ﺩ ((‪ :‬ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮ( ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺑ ﺘ ﻐ ﺴ ﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺢ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻔ ﺎ ﻅ ﺍﻟ ﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺖ ﻝ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻟﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘ ﻢ ﺷﺠ ﻬﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﺶ ) ‪ ).‬ﺀ( ﻩ ﻩ( ﻩ ﻩ‪ ٩‬ﻓﺎﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻐ ﺴ ﻴﻴﺔ ﻟ ﻴ ﺴ ﺖ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ ﻧ ﻮ ﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧ ﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺎﺟ ﺤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺖ ﺗﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺗ ﻔ ﺴ ﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺑ ﺤﻴ ﺚ‬
‫ﺗ ﻔ ﺲ ﺃﻱ ﻏ ﻤ ﻮﺽ ﻭﻟ ﺒ ﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﻮﺻ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﻟ ﻠ ﻘ ﺎﺭﺉ ﺑ ﻜ ﻞ ﺳ ﻬ ﻮﻟ ﺔ ﻭﻳ ﺲ‬
‫~ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺏ‪-‬ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﺷ ﻐ ﻮﻳﺔ ) ﻩ ﻩﺓ ( ﺩ( ﺀﺀ ﻩ ﺩ ﺀﺀ ﻩ ﺍ ﺍ ﻩﺀ ~(‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺖ ﺗ ﺤ ﺪ ﺩ ﺑﺰﻣﻦ ﻣ ﻌ ﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺤ ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺷ ﻐ ﻮﻳﺂ ﺧ ﻠﻞ ﻓ ﺘﺔ ﻣ ﺤ ﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎ ﺓ ﺍ ﻟﻠﺖﺍ ﻡ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﺍﻭ ﻳﺼ ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌ ﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠﻮ ﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ﻨﺎ ﺗﻜ ﻤ ﻦ ﺻ ﻌ ﻮﺑ ﺔ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻨﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻓ ﻌ ﻠﻴ ﻪ ﺃ ﺫ ﻳﻜ ﻮ ﺫ ﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﺪﻳﻬ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺪﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺘ ﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟ ﺠﻴ ﺪ ﻟ ﻠﺼ ﻮﺍ ﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻋ ﺪﺓ ﺃﻧ ﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻮﺭﻳﺔ )ﻉ ﻩﺓﺀ ﺀﺀ ﻡﺀ ﺀ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺩﻣﻪ ﻩ ﺀ ﻩ ﺩ(ﺍﻣﻪ _ﺓ‪ :(5‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ ﻌ ﺐ ﺃﻧ ﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻔ ﻮﻳ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺆﺗﻤﺮﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎﻟ ﻤ ﻴﺔ ﻭﻣ ﻊ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻨ ﻈﻤﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺒﻰ‪ .‬ﻝ ﻳ ﺘﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﻴ ﻪ ﻓﺎﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺗﻜ ﻮ ﺫ ﻣﺒﺎ ﺷﺔ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﺳ ﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ‪ ٣‬ﺛ ﻮﺍ ﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺳ ﻤﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮﺟ ﻬ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻮ ﻝ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺨﺮﻯ ﻣﺒﺎ ﺷﺔ‬
‫ﻑ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻨﻤ ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻳ ﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺇ ﻝ ﻣ ﻴ ﻜﺮﻓ ﻮ ﺫ ﻭﺳ ﻤ ﺎﻋ ﺔ ﻭﺣ ﺠﺮﺓ ﺻ ﻐ ﻴﺔ ﻏ ﺎﻟ ﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﻜ ﻮ ﺫ ﻋ ﺎﺯﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻠﺼ ﻮ ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺘ ﺒ ﻌ ﻴﺔ )ﻉ ﻩﺓﺀ ﺀﺀ ﻡﺀ ﺀﺀ ﻩﺍ ﺀﻫﻪ ﺃﺀﻣﻪ ﺀ ﺀ ﺩ ﻩ ﻩ_(‪ :‬ﻏ ﺎﻟ ﺒﺂ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺤ ﺪﺙ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻑ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﺠ ﺘﻤ ﺎﻋ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻌﻤ ﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺎ ﺳ ﻴﺔ ﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﺠﻤ ﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺻ ﻔ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﺸ ﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻴ ﻨﻬﺎ ﻳ ﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺇ ﻝ‬
‫ﻣ ﺬ ﻛﺮﺓ ﻭ ﻗ ﻠ ﻢ؟ ﻟ ﻴ ﺘﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﺘﺎﺑ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴ ﺴ ﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻠ ﻮﻣﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗ ﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎ ( ﻣﻬ ﻤ ﺔ ﻳ ﺬﻛ ﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ ﻭﻳ ﺴ ﺘ ﻄﻴ ﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﻤ ﻪ ﺇﻟ ﻴﻬﺎ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻓ ﻌ ﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺒ ﺪﺃ ﺃﺣ ﺪ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔﺮﺍ ﺩ ﺑﺈﺭﺳ ﺎﻝ ﺭﺑﻤ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﻨﺔ ﻳ ﺒ ﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑﺎ ﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺨ ﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻈﺮﻳﺔ )ﻉ ﻩ ﺃﺀ ﻩﺀ ﻡﺀ ﺀ( ﻩ ﺍ ﺀ‪٨‬ﻉﺓ‪5‬ﺀﺀ ‪ :(٩‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﻤ ﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻈﺮﺀ ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻨ ﻈﺮ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺍ ﻟﻠﺖﺍ ﻡ ﺑ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻟ ﻔﺎ ﻇﻬ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻬ ﻤ ﺲ )ﻉ ﻩ ﺃ (ﻫﺪ ﻡﺀ ﺀ ( ﻩ ﺍ ﻯ ﻩ ﺃ ﺩ ﻫ ﻢ ﺩﺓ ‪ :(~ ٢‬ﻏﺎﻟ ﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺷ ﺨﺼ ﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣ ﺠﻤ ﻮﻋ ﺔ ﺻ ﻔ ﻴﺔ ﺟ ﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺎ ﺱﺀ ﺑ ﺤﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺤ ﻢ ﻓ ﻴﻬﺎ ﺑ ﺴ ﻤﺎﻉ ﻟ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﺜﺎﻧ ﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﻣ ﺴﺂ ﻑ ﺃ ﺫﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺨ ﻰ ﺍ ﻟﺘﻐ ﺮ‪ ..‬ﻭﻫ ﻜ ﺬﺍ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻟ ﻠ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻗ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﻋ ﺪ ﺓ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻋ ﺎ ﺗﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻨﻬ ﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍ ﻩﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﺺ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳ ﻨ ﺒ ﺪﺃ ﺳ ﻠ ﻴ ﻞ ) ﺩﺃ ﺩ ﻡ ﺍ ﻩ ﻩ ﺩ( ﺭﺳ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺎﺗ ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﺟ ﻞ ﺇ ﻳﺼ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﻘ ﻴ ﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﻳ ﺘﻀﻤ ﻨ ﻪ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺺ‪ ،‬ﺛ ﻢ ﻧ ﻨ ﺘ ﻘ ﻞ ﺇ ﻝ ﻣﺮﺟ ﻠﺔ ﺇﻋ ﺎ ﺩ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻔ ﻜ ﻲ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ‪ ٦‬ﻩ ﺃ‪ ( ٦‬ﺀ ﺩ( ﻭﻑ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﺣ ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺒﺄ ﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺳ ﺆﺍﻝ ﻣ ﺘ ﺨﺼﺼ ﻲ ﻑ ﻣ ﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ) ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ ﻟ ﺪ ﻳﻨﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻳﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻛﺎﺀ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻄﻨﺎ ﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓ ﺒﺈ ﻣﻜ ﺎ ﻧ ﻨﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﺍﺻ ﻞ ﻣ ﻊ ﻣ ﺘ ﺨﺼﺼ ﻲ ﻑ ﻋ ﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎ ﺳ ﺐ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻬ ﺘﻤ ﻲ ﺑﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺠﺎ ﻝ( ﺃﻭ ﺍ ~ ﺣ ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ﻮﺿﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻧﺼ ﻞ ﻟ ﻤﺮﺟ ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ) ﺩﺃ ﺩ ﺀ‪ ( ٦‬ﻩ ﻡ ﺩ(‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺘﻬ ﺘ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ﺑﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‬
‫ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻮﺻ ﻞ ﺇ ﻝ ﺃ ﺳ ﻠ ﻮﺏ ﺻ ﺤ ﻴﺢ ﺗﻤ ﺎ ﻗﺎ ﻳﻤ ﺎﺛﻞ ﺃ ﺳ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎﺑ ﺔ ﻑ‬
‫ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳ ﺤﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ ﺷﻜ ﻞ ﻭﻣﻀﻤ ﻮﺛﺂ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻞ ﺧ ﻄﻮﺍ ﺕ ﺗ ﻮﺿﺢ ﻛﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻩ ﻓﻬ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻰ ﺍ ~ ﻭ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻄﻮﺓ ﻫ ﻮ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﺗ ﻢ ﻧ ﻘ ﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺆﻟ ﻒ‬
‫ﻟ ﻠ ﻘ ﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺘﻬ ﺪ ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ؟ ﻟ ﻠ ﺤﺼ ﻮﻝ ﻋ ﻞ ﻣ ﻌ ﻠﻮﻣﺎ ﺕ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮﺿﻤ ﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﺍ ﺩ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺴﺎﻋ ﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻋ ﻞ ﻓﻬ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎﻣ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﺳﻬ ﻮﻟ ﺔ ﻧ ﻘ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﺍ ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻋ ﺎﺓ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺃ ﺳ ﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺴ ﺎ ﺱ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺎﺗ ﺐ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ ﻘ ﻠﻬ ﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺗ ﺘ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ‬
‫ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻬ ﻤ ﺔ ﻧ ﻮﻋ ﻲ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻘ ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌﺮﻓ ﺔ‪ :‬ﻣ ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣ ﻮﺿﻤ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻩ ﻫ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻰ‪ :‬ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻋ ﺎﺓ ﻧﻤ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻀﺎ ﺩ ﻳﻨ ﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺳ ﻴﺎ ﺳ ﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺟ ﺘﻤ ﺎﻋ ﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃ ﺩﺑ ﻴﺎ ﻭﻏ ﻴﻬ ﺎ؟ ﻟﻦ ﻣ ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻤ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻳ ﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘ ﻘ ﻴ ﺪ ﺑ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻧ ﻲ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﻨ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﺳ ﺒ ﻴ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻑ ﺣ ﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﻳ ﻨ ﻮﻱ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘﻪ ﻧﻀﺎ ﺩﻳ ﻨ ﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺴ ﻴ ﺘ ﻮ ﻗﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺘ ﻘ ﻴ ﺪ ﺑ ﺒ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﻳﻨ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨﺎ ﺳ ﺒﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﻮ ﻗ ﻒ ﻭﻫ ﻜ ﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋ ﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻛﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻭﻣ ﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍ ﺩ ﺇ ﻳﺼ ﺎﻟ ﻪ؟ ﻟ ﻴ ﺘﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗ ﻘ ﻤﺺ ﺷ ﺨﺼ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜ ﺎ ﺗ ﺐ ﻭﻧ ﻘ ﻞ ﺃ ﺣ ﺎ ﺳ ﻴ ﺴ ﻪ ﻭﻣ ﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻩ ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﻳﻜ ﺘ ﺐ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎﻟ ﺘ ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻩﺍ ﻝ ~ ~ ﻭﺍ ~ ﻑ ﻫﻦ ﺍ ~‪ ´´ :‬ﻳ ﺠ ﻮﺯ ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻀﻴ ﻒ ﻟ ﻠﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃ ﻭ ﻳ ﺤ ﺬﻑ ﻣ ﻨﻪ ~ﺹ‬
‫ﺷ ﺪﻳ ﺪﺍ´‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﺠ ﻮﺀ ﻟﻬ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻌﻤ ﻠ ﻴﺔ ﻑ ﺣ ﺎ )ﺕ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﻨ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻠﻴ ﻪ ﻑ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﺗ ﺒﺎﻉ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﻨ ﺔ ﻭﺃﻫ ﻤﻬﺎ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻮﻳﺾ ﺑ ﺤ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋ ﻞ ﺇ ﻳﺮﺍ ﺩ ﻣ ﻌ ﻦ ﺑ ﺪ ﻳﻞ ﻑ‬
‫ﺣ ﺎﻝ ﻓ ﻘ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺻ ﻌ ﺐ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺇﻳﺼ ﺎﻝ ﻋ ﺎ ﻃﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻜ ﺎﺗ ﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺃ ﺳ ﻠ ﻮﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟ ﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻝ ﻳ ﻠﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺫ ﻛﺮ ﻩ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫ ﻨﺎ ﺗ ﺒ ﺪﺃ ﻣﻬ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻓ ﻌ ﻠﻴﻪ ﺇ ﻳﺼ ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻄ ﻠﻮﺏ ﻟ ﻠ ﻘ ﺎﺭﺉ ﺑ ﺸﻜ ﻞ‬
‫ﻣ ﻨﺎ ﺳ ﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺧ ﻠﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻮﻳﺾ ﺑ ﺪﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧ ﻘ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺎﻑ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ ﻩﺻ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺫﺍ ﻧ ﻌ ﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ؟‬
‫ﺻ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻱ ﺧ ﻄ ﻮﺓ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﻫ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻄ ﻮﺍ ﺕ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﺑ ﻨ ﻘ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ ﻣ ﺘ ﺠ ﻨ ﺒﺂ ﺍ ﻟﺒ ﺘ ﻌﺎ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﺪ ﻳ ﺪ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ ﻌ ﻲ ﺑ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ﺇﻋ ﺎ ﺩ ﺓ ﻛﺘﺎ ﺑ ﺔ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗ ﻢ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍ ﻟﺨ ﺬ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻌ ﺘ ﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﻮ ﻳﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ ﻭﺃ ﺳ ﻠ ﻮ ﺏ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎﺑ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‬
‫ﺑ ﻘ ﺮﺍﺀ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﺟ ﻴ ﺪﺁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﺑﺈﻋ ﺎ ﺩ ﺓ ﺻ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ﺗﺍﺮ ﻛﻴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻞ ﺇ ﻣﺎ ﻋ ﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﻬ ﺎ ﺏ ﺃ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻠ ﺨ ﻴﺺ ﻣﺮﺍﻋ ﻴﺂ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺤ ﻮ ﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺼﻔ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﻋ ﻠﻤﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻘ ﻴ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺨﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ؟ ﻭ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻳ ﺸﻬ ﻞ‬
‫ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺇ ﻳﺼ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ ﻣ ﺒﺎ ﺷﺮ ﻭﻣ ﻊ ﻭﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺳ ﻠ ﺴ ﺔ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺒ ﻲ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺑ ﻂ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﻜ ﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ﻧ ﻪ‬
‫ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﺃ ﻱ ﻧﺺ ﻣ ﻦ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﻟ ﻐ ﺔ ﺃ ﺧ ﺮﻯ ﻧ ﻠﺤ ﻆ ﻭﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺍ ﺧ ﺘ ﻠ ﻔﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺗ ﻐﺎ ﻭ ﺕ ﺑ ﻲ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺃﻣ ﺮ ﻃﺒ ﻴ ﻲ ﻭ‪ ٧‬ﻳﺘ ﻌ ﻠﻖ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺼ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺔ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺤ ﻢ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﻌﻤ ﺎﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﺍ ﺩ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺇﻟ ﻴﻬﺎ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻣ ﻴ ﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﺩﻭﺟ ﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘ ﺐ‬
‫ﺍ ~ﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻓ ﻴﺔ ﻭﻗ ﻮﺍﻣ ﻴ ﺲ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻔﺎ ﻅ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﻮﻳ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺍ ﺳ ﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣ ﻨﻬﺎ ﻋ ﻞ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ؟ ﻟ ﺘ ﺴﺎﻋ ﺪ ﻩ ﻑ ﺇﻧ ﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺩ ﻗ ﻴ ﻘ ﺔ ﻭﺳ ﻠﻴﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳﻀ ﻄ ﺮ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻀ ﺤ ﻴ ﺔ ﺑ ﺒ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌﺎ ﻥ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎﺑ ﻞ ﺧ ﻠﻖ ﺳ ﻴﺎﻕ ﺃﺻ ﻴ ﻞ ﻳﻨ ﺘﻤﻲ ﺇ ﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪﻑ ﻭﻳ ﺘ ﻘ ﺒ ﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺘ ﻠﻘﻲ‪ ´´ ،‬ﻛ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺯﺩﺍ ﺩ ﺕ ﺧ ﺒﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺑﻤ ﻌﺎ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺎ ﻗﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺨ ﺘ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﺯﺩﺍ ﺩ ﺣ ﻴﺔ´´‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤ ﺘﺤ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺼ ﺎ ﺩﻕ ﻟﻦ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘﻤ ﺪ ﻣ ﻌ ﻦ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺂﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺇﻝ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻣ ﺨ ﺘ ﻠ ﻘ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻭ_ ﻡﺭﻡ ﺭﻡ ﺭ _ ﺭﺭ_ﻡ ﺭﻡ ﺭﻡ ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ‪ .‬ﺭﺭ ﻡ ﻡ‪٠‬ﺀ_ﻡ ﺭﻯ ﻭﺭ ﺭ _ ﺭ_ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ ﻡ‬

‫ﻧ ﻠﺤ ﻆ ﺗﻜ ﺮﺍﺭ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ )_ﻯﻣﻪﻝ_ﺀ( ﻑ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺄﺗ ﺖ ﺑﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻌ ﻞ ) ﻳ ﻮ ﻧ ﻨ ﻰ( ﻭﻛ ﺬﻟ ﻚ ) ﻗ ﻤ ﺎﻣ ﻞ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻞ ﺗﺮﺑﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﻛﺎﻣ ﻠ ﺔ!‬

‫ﺻ ﻔ ﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻤ ﺎﻣ ﺔ ﻛ ﺎﻥ ﻣ ﻤ ﺘ ﻠ ﺌﺎ ﻟ ﺪﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺃ ﻧ ﻪ ﺭﻓﺾ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻦ ﻳ ﺪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻤ ﺎﻣ ﺔ‬

‫ﺝ‪-‬ﻣ ﺮﺍ ﺟ ﻌ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‪ :‬ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﻘ ﻮ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺀ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﺬﻱ ﺗﺼﺖ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣ ﻦ ﺛ ﻢ ﻳ ﺴ ﺄ ﻝ ﻧﻐ ﺴ ﻪ ´´ﻫ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﻭﺍﺿ ﺢ ( ﻫ ﻞ ﻣ ﺸ ﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺎﺗ ﺐ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﻭﺍﺿ ﺤ ﺔ ﻭﺑ ﻴ ﻨ ﺔﻝ ﻫ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺘﻬ ﺎ ﻑ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺺ ﻭﻛ ﺄ ﻧ ﻪ ﻧﻲ ﻣ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ( ﻫ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﺤ ﻮ ﻳ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﺼﻔ ﻴﻞ ﻟ ﻠ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻬ ﻞ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺻﺖ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻄ ﺮﻳ ﻘ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺼ ﺤ ﻴ ﺤ ﺔﻝ‬

‫ﻭﻑ ﻫ ﺬ _ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺮﺟ ﻠ ﺔ ﻝ ﺑﺄ ﺱ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺘﺤ ﺎﻧ ﺔ ﺑﺼ ﺪ ﻳﻖ ﻟ ﻘ ﺮﺍﺀ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻭﺍﻥ ﻟ ﻢ ﺗ ﺠ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍ ﻗ ﺮﺃ ﻩ ﺑﺼ ﻮ ﺕ ﻳﺼ ﻞ ﺇ ﻯ‬

‫ﻣ ﺴ ﺎﻣ ﻌ ﻚ ﻭﺳ ﺘﻜ ﺘ ﺸ ﻒ ﻣ ﻮﺍ ﻧﻤ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻠ ﻞ ﺑ ﻨ ﻐ ﺴ ﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ﺡ‪-‬ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻘ ﻴ ﻢ‪ :‬ﻟ ﻜ ﻞ ﻟ ﻐﻞ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨﻞ ﺍ ﻡ ﻣ ﻌ ﻲ ﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻘ ﻴ ﻢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻟ ﻨﻤ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺸ ﻜ ﻴ ﻞ‬

‫ﻭﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻠ ﻮﺏ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻨ ﺴ ﻴ ﻖ ﺣ ﻴﻤﺚ ﻳ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺇﺿ ﻐ ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﻞ ﻗ ﺔ ﻣ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻜ ﺘ ﻮ ﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍ ﻣ ﺎ ﺍ ﻟ ﺖ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﺍﺗ ﺒﺎ ﻛﻬ ﺎ ﺧ ﻠﻞ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻣ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻘ ﻴ ﻢ!‬

‫‪-‬ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺎﺍ ﻡ ﻣ ﺴ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻣ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻘ ﻴ ﻢ ﻭﻟ ﻴ ﺲ ﻗ ﺒ ﻠﻬ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫~(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺎ ﻡ ﻑ ﺣ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍ ﻧ ﺘﻬ ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻔ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲ ﻳ ﺔ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺎ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻘ ﻄ ﺔ ﺃﺣ ﻴﺎ ﻧﺂ‬ ‫‪)-‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻠﺮ ﺁ ﺧ ﺮ‬
‫~ ﻝ‪ :‬ﻟ ﻪ ~‪. ٩ ٢‬ﺀ _~ ﻛﺎ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﻞﺍﻣﻬ ﺎ ‪..‬ﻣﻌ ﻞ ﺍ ﺧ ﺘﺼ ﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻘﺎ ‪.~..‬‬
‫~ ﻥ(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ( ﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﻘ ﻄﺘ ﺎ ﻥ ﻑ ﻛ ﻠ ﺘ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺘ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠ ﺸﺞ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺮ ﻳ ﻒ ﺑ ﺶﺀ ﻣ ﻌ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﺘ ﻘ ﺪ ﻳ ﻢ ﺧ ﻄﺎ ﺏ ﺃ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺀ)ﺍ‬
‫ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻗ ﻮﻝ ﺷ ﺨ ﺺ ﻣ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﺩﺍ ﺋ ﻤ ﺎ ﻗ ﺒ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺃ ﻭ ﻃ ﺮ ﺡ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺜ ﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫~(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﺎﺻ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ ) ‪ (،‬ﺑﻬ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻣ ﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﺎﺻ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲ ﻳ ﺔ ) ‪ ،(،‬ﻛ ﻤ ﺎ ﺃ ﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﺎﺻ ﻠ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺀ)ﺍ ﻟ ﻔ ﺎ‬

‫ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﻑ ﻛ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺘ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲ ﻳ ﺔ ﺑ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘ ﺴ ﻠ ﺴ ﻠ ﺔ ﺫﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻜ ﺮﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﺣ ﺪ ﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ‬
‫ﺃ ﻳﻀﺎ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪﺍ ﺩﺍ ﺕ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲ ﻳ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫~ ﺭ‪ .‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﻡ ﺭ ~ ﻡ ~ ﺡ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ~ﻡ ﻭ ﻡ ﻭ‪.‬ﺭ ﺭ ﻡﻉ ﺭ‪ .‬ﺭ ﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺭ ﺭ~ _ﺭ ﻡ ﺭﺭ>‬

‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻞ ﺣ ﺎﺟ ﺔ ﻟ ﻠ ﻔ ﻮﺍﺻ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧ ﻜ ﺘ ﻨﻲ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ ﺑﺈﺿﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﺃ ﺩﻭﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻄ ﻒ ﻙ )ﺍﻟ ﻮﺍ ﻭ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺙ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺃ ﻧﺎ ﺃﺗ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲ ﻳ ﺔ ﻭﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻤ ﺎ ﻧ ﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪)-‬ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﺎ ~ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﻘ ﻮﻃ ﺔ(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻐﺎﺻ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﻘ ﻮ ﻃ ﺔ ﻑ ﻛ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺘ ﻲ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻫ ﻨ ﺎ ﻙ ﻋ ﻠ ﻘ ﺔ ﺑ ﻲ‬

‫ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﺘ ﻲ ﺃ ﻭ ﻟ ﺮﺑ ﻂ ﺃ ﺟ ﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺧ ﻠ ﻞ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺒ ﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺘ ﻘ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪ :‬ﻡ ﻩ ‪٩‬ﻫﺎ‪٩‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻩ‪٢‬‬
‫ﺭﻡ ﺭ ﻡ~ ﻡ~ ﻡ ‌»ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ﻡ~ ﻡﺭﺭ ~ ﻡ ﻡ ﻡ ﺭ‬

‫~ ﺗ ﻴ ﺜﻰ ﻑ‬ ‫~ ﻟ ﻞ! ﻭ‬ ‫~ ﻝ‪ ) :‬ﺃ ﻩﻁ ﻟﺎ ‪ ٩‬ﺍ ﺍﺃ ‪ ٩5‬ﻟ ﺎﺃﺍ ‪ . 5١1٩‬ﺍ ‪ ٩‬ﻟﺎ‪ ٩ ~ ٩‬ﺍﺍ ‪.‬ﺃ ‪ ٩‬ﻟ ﺎﻁ‪5 5‬ﺃ ﻁ ﺍﻁ‪ - (5‬ﺇﻥ ~ ﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣ ﺪ ﻳ ﻨ ﺔ ﺩ ﺏ‪.‬‬

‫‪)-‬ﺍ ﻝ ~ ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺘ ﻐﻬﺎ ( ﻑ ﻛ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺘ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠ ﺴ ﺆﺍﻝ ﻋ ﻦ ﺵﺀ ﻣ ﻌ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﺗ ﺨﺘ ﻠﻒ ﻑ‬

‫ﺷ ﻜ ﻠﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻔﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺮﺑ ﻴﺔ ) ؟(‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻔ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲﻳﺔ ) ؟(‪.‬‬
‫~(‪ :‬ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﻋ ﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺠ ﺐ ﻑ ﻛ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺘ ﻲ ﻟ ﻠﺘ ﻌ ﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﻦ ﺵﺀ ﻣ ﻌ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺑ ﺰ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑ ﻌ ﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪)-‬ﺍ‬
‫)!(‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠﻲ ﻳﺔ ) (ﺀ ﻩ _ ﻩ ﻩﺃ ( ﻩ _ ﻩ ﺍﺀﺀ‪( ٩‬ﺀ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ ﻡ ﺃ ﻳﻀﺎ ﻑ ﻛ ﻠﻤﺎ ﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺗ ﻌﺎﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻌ ﻴ ﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺗ ﺒ ﻲ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﻌﻞ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﺗ ﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳ ﻤﺎﻉ ﺵﺀ ﻣ ﻌ ﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏ ﺎﻟ ﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﻮﺿﻊ ﻋ ﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻘ ﻄﺔ ﻛﺒ ﺪﻳﻞ ﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺠ ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺜ ﻲ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﺗ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠ ﻖ ﺑ ﻜ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺎﺍ ﻡ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺠ ﺐ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲ ﻳ ﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺎ ﺗ ﺐ ﺻ ﻴﺎﻏ ﺘ ﻪ ﺑﻤ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﺗ ﻪ ﻓ ﻞ ﺣ ﺎﺟ ﺔ ﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻨﺼ ﻴﺺ ﻭﻳ ﻜ ﺘ ﻦ ﺑ ﺬ ﻛﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﺋ ﻞ ) ﻗﺎ ﻝ ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇ ﺑﺮﺍ ﻫ ﻴ ﻢ( ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺕ ﻣ ﺠ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻮ ﻡ( ﺃ ﻭ ﻛ ﻠ ﻬ ﻤ ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟ ﻠ ﻘ ﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺱ ﻗ ﻮﺍﻋ ﺪ ﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﺍ ﺗ ﺒﺎﻋ ﻬ ﺎ‪:‬‬

‫´´(‪.‬‬ ‫ﻩ ﻝ ﻳ ﻨ ﺒ ﻦ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻓﺍﺮﻍ ﺑ ﻲ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻘ ﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺱ ﺍ ﻟ ﻮ ﻝ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺨ ﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ ) :‬ﻗﺎ ﻝ ﺳ ﻌ ﺪ ﺍﺍ‬

‫ﻩ ﺗ ﻮﺿﻊ ﺍ ﻟ ﻨ ﻘ ﻄﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐﺎﺻ ﻠ ﺔ ﺧ ﺎﺭﺣﺂ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍ ﺍ ﻗ ﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺱ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﻣ ﻮ ﻗ ﻌﻬﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﺗ ﻮﺿﻊ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺍ ﺍ ﻗ ﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺱ ﻣﻊ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﻤ ﺎ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﻘ ﻮﻟ ﺔ ﺣ ﺮﻓ ﻴﺎ ﻭﺃ ﺳ ﻤ ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘ ﺐ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﺸ ﻮﺭﺍ ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ‪ ٧‬ﻳ ﺸ ﺘﻂ‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺃ ﺳ ﻤ ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻜﺎ ﺕ ﻭﻣ ﻨ ﻈﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺍ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌﺮﻭ ﻓ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪) :‬ﻣ ﻨ ﻈﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻴ ﻮﻧﻴ ﺴ ﻜ ﻮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻭﺳ ﻔ ﺖ‬
‫ﻭﻏ ﻴ ﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺥ ﻩﺍﻟ ﺤﺎ ﺷ ﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺎﻣ ﺶ‪ :‬ﻳ ﻌ ﺘﻤ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻠ ﻮﺏ ﻟﻀﺎ ﻓﺔ ﻣﺰﻳ ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻠﻮﻣﺎ ﺕ ﻋ ﻦ ﻣﺼ ﻄ ﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻏ ﺎﻣﺾ ﺃﻭ ﻏ ﻲ ﺩ ﻗ ﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻟ ﺸﺢ ﺗ ﻌ ﺒ ﻲ ﺛ ﻘ ﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﻭﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺃ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼ ﻄ ﻠﺢ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎﺑ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﻤ ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧ ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﺠ ﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺑ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻬ ﺪﻑ ﻛﺒ ﻴﺔ ﺍﺯﺩﺍ ﺩ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎﺟ ﺔ ﻟ ﻜ ﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣ ﺎ ﺷ ﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻫ ﺎﻣ ﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺨ ﻴﺎﺭ ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‬
‫ﻃﺒ ﻘﺎ ﻑ ﺍ ﺧ ﺘ ﻴﺎﺭ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﻠ ﻮﺏ ﺃ ﻡ ﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘﻤ ﺪ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻋ ﻞ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎﻟ ﺔ ﺍﻟﺖ ﻳ ﻄ ﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻐﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺟ ﻊ ﻟﻤﺼ ﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺟ ﻊ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﻴﺔ ﻭﻝ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘﻤ ﺪ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺸﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻣ ﻨ ﻈﻮﺭ ﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٢‬ﻩﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻌ ﺪ ﺃﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻭﺣ ﺪﺓ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ ﺤ ﺘﺎﺝ ﻗ ﺒ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌﺎﻣ ﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺘﺎ ﻛﻴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﻮﻳﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠﻲ ﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻧ ﺘ ﻌﺮﻑ ﻋ ﻞ ﺑ ﻌﺾ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻘ ﻨ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﺐ ﻟ ﻠ ﺘ ﺴﻬ ﻴ ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋ ﻤ ﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘﻜ ﺎ ﻓ ﺆ ﺇ ﻝ ﺣ ﺪ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻴﻤﺎ ﻳ ﻞ‬
‫ﺑ ﻌﺾ ﻣ ﻨﻬ ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪ .‬ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﻌ ﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃ ﻛ ﻮ ﺗ ﻌ ﻴ ﺘﺎ‪ :‬ﻋ ﻞ ﺳ ﺒ ﻴ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬

‫ﻡ ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﺭ ‪،‬ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭﺭﻡ ﻡ‪.‬ﺀ ﻡﺭ‪ .‬ﻡﻯ ﻡ ﺭ‬

‫~‬ ‫ﺭﻓ ﻌ ﺖ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺳ ﻤ ﻴ ﺚ ﻛ ﻴ ﻨﺎﻫ ﺎ ﻭﻗ ﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺮﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﻟ ﻪ ﻩﻣﻤﺎ ﻩ ﺃ( ﻑ ﺩﻫ ﺸ ﺔ ‪/‬ﺣ ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﻘ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺎ ﻃ ﻔﻲ ﺃ ﻱ ﺧ ﻮﻑ‬

‫ﻭﺗﺮﺩ ﺩ ﺩ‪ .‬ﺳ ﻤ ﻴ ﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﻌ ﺘﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺰﻳﺎ ﺩ ﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﺒ ﻴﻴ ﺔ ﺃﻣﺍﻖ ﺍ ﺧ ﺘ ﻴ ﺎﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟ ﺮ ﻧ ﻢ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﺤﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﻬ ﺎ ﻟ ﻠ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫~ ﻕﺀ ﻡﻡ ﺭﻡﺭ ﻡ ﺭﻡ ﻡ ﺭ‪ .‬ﺭ ‪.‬ﻡ ﻡ ﺭ~ ‪.‬ﻡ ﻡ ﺭﺭﺭ ﻡ‪ .‬ﺭﻡ ﺭﻡ ﺭ~ ‪.‬ﺭ‪ ٠‬ﻡ ﺭ‪ .‬ﻡﺭﺭ‪ .‬ﻡ‪.‬ﺭ ﺭ~ﻯﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫~ _> ~‬ ‫ﻡﺀ ‪~ -‬‬
‫~‪. ) :‬ﺍﻯﺃ ‪ ٨‬ﻫﺎ ﻩ ‪.‬ﻯ_ﻩ ﻉ(‬ ‫ﻗ ﺎ ﻝ ﻳ ﻮﺟ ﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻔ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﻞ ﻑ )ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ( ﻣ ﻌ ﻦ ﻋ ﺎ ﻡ ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻦ ﻟ ﺪ ﻳﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﻌ ﻦ ﺩ ﻗ ﻴ ﻖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻣ ﺘ ﺎﺟ ﺮ‪ ،‬ﻝ ﻧ ﺠ ﺪ ﻟﻬ ﺎ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎ ﺑ ﻞ ﺑﻤ ﺜ ﻞ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻮ ﻡ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺮﺑ ﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻟ ﺪ ﻳ ﻨﺎ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎﻥ ﺃ ﻛ ﺮ ﺗ ﺨ ﻤ ﻴ ﺖ‬
‫ﻋ ﻞ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﺘ ﺠ ﺎ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟ ﺖ ﺗﻜ ﻮﻥ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺍ ﻟﺮﻓ ﻒ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪ :‬ﻣ ﻌ ﻠ ﺒﺎ ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﻨ ﻈ ﻔ ﺎ ﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻠ ﻮﻳﺎ ﺕ‪ ... ،‬ﺇﻟ ﺦ‪ ،‬ﻫ ﺄ ﻩ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺘﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴ ﺔ ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻟ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﺘ ﻐ ﻄ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﺠ ﻮﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﻟﻠ ﻴ ﺔ ﺑ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐ ﺎ ﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻌ ﻤ ﻴ ﻢ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺩﺃ ﺍ ﺩﺀ ﻩ ﻩ ﺀ ﻝ(‪ :‬ﺗ ﻌ ﺪ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘﺎ ﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺑ ﻤﺼ ﻄ ﻠﺢ ﻋ ﺎ ﻡ( ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﻛﺜﺮ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺘﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴﺎ ﺕ‬

‫~‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﺷ ﻴ ﻮ ﻗ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻧ ﻮﺍ ﺟ ﻪ ﻋ ﺪ ﻡ ﺗﻜ ﺎ ﻓ ﺆ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻔﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲﻳﺔ ﻋ ﺎ ﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻧ ﻘ ﻮﻝ‪) :‬‬
‫ﻝﺀ ﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺀ‪( ٨‬ﺍ ﻩ ﻧﺔ ‪.‬ﺣ ﻤ ﻤﺎ‪ ،1١‬ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﻣ ﺔ ﺇﺍﻣﻌ ﺚ ﻯ‪ .٠‬ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻋ ﺎ‪ ~ ،‬ﻙ ﺟ ﻪ ﺟ ﻞ ﺇ‪.‬‬
‫ﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺍ ﻟﻤﻀﺎ ﺩ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﺳ ﺒ ﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﻡﺟ ﻤﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺪ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﺩ ﺍﺀ ﻩ ﺩ<( ﺀﺃ ‪ -‬ﻡ ‪ -‬ﻩ (» ‪ ٥‬ﺍ‪ :‬ﺃﻯ ﺍ ﺓﺟ ﻤﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺳ ﻐ ﺪﺍ ﺩ ﺍ ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﻡﻭ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻤ ﻦ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﺩ(ﺃ ﻩ ﺍ ﻡ ﺀ ﺀ ﺍ‪ :‬ﺳ ﻲ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻤ ﻦ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍ ﺳ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪﻑ ﻣ ﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺇ ﻥ ﻟ ﺠ ﻮ ﻣ ﻤ ﻄﺮ ‪ /‬ﻯ ﻩ ﺃ ﻩ ﺃ ﻩ ﻩ ﺀﺃ (ﺍ_‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﺍﻟ ﺘﻀ ﻤ ﻲ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺀ ﺃ ﺍ ﻩ _ ﺍ(‪ :‬ﻫ ﻮ ﺃ ﺳ ﻠ ﻮ ﺏ ﻳ ﻌ ﺘ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋ ﻞ ﺗ ﻐ ﻴ ﻲ ﻭﺟ ﻬ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬

‫ﺳ ﻠ ﺒ ﻴ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﺇ ﻳ ﺠﺎ ﺑ ﻴ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻜ ﺲ ﻛﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ) (ﺍ_ ﻩ ﺃ ﻟ ﻠﺄ_ ﺀﺃ ( ﺍ( ﺗ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺇ ﻝ ) ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻀ ﻌ ﺐ(‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻭ ﺟ ﻌ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻠﺴ ﻢ‬
‫ﺿﻤ ﻨ ﻴﺎ ﺑ ﺘ ﺤ ﻮﻳ ﻠ ﻪ ﺇ ﻝ ﺿﻤ ﻴﺄ ﻭ ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪:‬‬

‫_ ﻡ‪ .‬ﻡ ﻡ ﺭﺀ_ ‪،‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﻡ ﺭﻡ ﻡ ﻡ ﻭ ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ ﻡ ﺭ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭﻡ ﻡ ﻡ ﺭﻡ ﺭﺭ ﺭ ﻭ ﻡﺭ ﺭ‪ .‬ﺭ ﺭﻡ ﻡ ﻡ ﺭﺭ ﻡﺭ ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ‬

‫~ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺪ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟ ﺄ ﻱ ﻳ ﻌﺮﻑ ﺍ ﻟﻦ ﺑ ﺘ ﻔ ﻈﺲ ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗ ﺤ ﺪﻣﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺴﺮ ﻩ ﻩﺭ ﺍ‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﺍ ﻟ ﺴ ﺘ ﺒ ﺪﺍ ﻝ ﺍﻟﻞ ﻟ ﻲ ) ‪ ~ ٨‬ﺃ ( ‪ ( ،‬ﺃ (ﻯﻁ ﻟﻪﻯ ﺀ ﺃ (‪ ٨‬ﻩ _ ‪ :( 3.‬ﻫ ﻮ ﺗ ﻌ ﻮﻳﺾ ﺩ ﻟ ﻞ ﻋ ﻦ ﺩ ﻟﻠ ﺔ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﻞ ﺭ ﺇ ﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ ﻗ ﺪ ﻝ ﺗ ﺘ ﻜ ﺎ ﻓﺄ ﻣ ﻌﻬ ﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻟ ﺴ ﺒﺎ ﺏ ﻟ ﻐ ﻮ ﻳ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺛ ﻘ ﺎ ﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺣ ﺖ ﺩﺑ ﻠ ﻮﻣ ﺎ ﺳ ﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧ ﺬﻛ ﺮ‬
‫ﺃ ~ ﻋ ﻠﻰ ﺫﻟ ﻚ‬

‫‪ . ١.‬ﺍ ﺍ ﻗ ﺘﺎﺽ )ﻯ ﻩ ﺃ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ﺍ(‪ :‬ﻳ ﻌ ﻲ ﺗ ﺤ ﻮﻳ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﻄ ﻠ ﺢ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻬ ﺪ ﻑ ﻭﺍ ﺧ ﻀﺎ ﻣﻪ ﻟ ﺬﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻈﺎ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻮﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺘ ﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﺍ ﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﺍ ﻡ ﻫ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﻄ ﻠ ﺢ ﻟ ﻮﺣ ﺪ ‪ ٥‬ﺃﻭ ﺍ ﻟ ﺸ ﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟ ﻴ ﻪ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺤﺎ ﺷ ﻴ ﺔ ﻟ ﺘ ﻮﺿﻴ ﺤ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫ ﺬ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪ 7‬ﺳ ﺘﺎ ﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺩ ﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺎ ﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺼ ﻄ ﻠ ﺤﺎ ﺕ ﺧ ﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑ ﺜ ﻘ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺎ ﻫ ﻴ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺪ ﻳ ﺜ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻨ ﺠ ﺪ ﺃ ﺫ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟ ﻘ ﺘﺎﺽ ﺃ ﻣ ﺮ ﺷ ﺎ ﺋﻊ ﺑ ﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺎ ﺕ ﻟ ﺪﺭﺟ ﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﺘ ﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﺛ ﻢ ﺗ ﺸ ﻴ ﻊ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﺘ ﻤ ﻊ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻠ ﻴ ﻐ ﻮﻥ ‪ ٥ /‬ﻩ ﻩ‪ ٨‬ﻡ ﻩ ﺍ ﺀ ( )ﺃﺻ ﻞ ﺇ ﻧ ﺠ ﻠ ﻲﻱ(‪ ،‬ﺍ ﻧ ﺌﺮﻭﺑ ﻮﻟ ﻮﺟ ﻴﺎ ‪ /‬ﻩ ﻡ ﻩﺀ‪ ( ٨‬ﻩ ‪´´٩‬ﺃ ﻱ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺴ ﺎ ﻥ´´ ﻭ ﻡﻯ ﻩ‪´´1‬ﻋ ﻠ ﻢ´´)ﺃﺻ ﻞ‬
‫ﻳ ﻮﻧﺎ ﻝ(ﺀ ﺩ ﻳ ﻜ ﻮﺭ ‪ /‬ﻩﺀ ﻩ ﺀ ﺀﻝ )ﺃﺻ ﻞ ﻓﺮﻧ ﺴﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ﺗ ﻮﺭﺓ ‪ /‬ﻩﺀ ‪ ( ( ٠‬ﺩ ﺃ )ﺃﺻ ﻞ ﺇ ﻳ ﻄﺎ ﻝ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺍ ﺍ ‪ ..‬ﺻﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺗﺍﺮ ﻛﻴ ﺐ ﻟ ﻐ ﻮﻳ ﺔ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﺩﺀﺃ ﺃﺃ ﺍ ﻡ ~ ‪ :(٩‬ﻛﺈ ﺿﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺑ ﺎ< ﻟ ﻐ ﻮﻱ ﻳ ﺸ ﻲ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍ ﺍﻥﺩﻭﺍﺟ ﻴ ﺔ‪ ٠‬ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪:‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻭﺭ ﻡ ﻭ‪.‬ﻡ ﻭ ‪.‬ﺭ ﻭ ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻡ ﻡ ﻡ ﺭ ﺭ ﺭﺭ ﺭ ﻭﺭﺭﺭﻡ‬

‫ﺗ ﺤ ﺪﺛ ﻦ ﺣ ﻮﻝ ﺗ ﺠ ﺮﺑ ﺘﻬ ﻦ‬
‫‪ . ١٢‬ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺬ ﻑ ) ‪ ~ ٨‬ﺃﻯﻯﺃ _ ~(‪ :‬ﻗ ﺪ ﻳﻜ ﻮﻙ ﺿﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻛ ﻨ ﺪﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺬ ﻛ ﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﺎ ﺗ ﺐ ﻣ ﺜ ﺎﻝ ﻭﻭﺻ ﻘ ﺎ ﻳ ﺨ ﺪ ﺵ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﻴ ﺎﺀ ﺃ ﻭ ﻗ ﺪ‬
‫ﻳ ﺴ ﺎﺀ ﻓﻬ ﻤ ﻪ ﻑ ﺛ ﻘ ﺎ ﻓ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻘ ﺎﺑ ﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﺤ ﻴ ﺚ ﺃ ﻧ ﻪ ﻝ ﻳ ﺆﺛﺮ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻨﻰ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻑ ﺣ ﺎ ﻟ ﺖ ﺃ ﺧ ﺮﻯ ﻳﻜ ﻮﻥ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍ ﺧ ﺘ ﻴﺎﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﺭﺃ ﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻠ ﻴ ﺐ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳ ﻄ ﻮﻝ ﺷ ﻤ ﻪ ﺃ ﻭ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳ ﺨ ﺮﺝ ﻣ ﻌﺎ ﻥ ﻗ ﺪ ﻝ‬
‫ﻳ ﺸ ﻲ ﺇﻟ ﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜ ﺎﺗ ﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻔﻲ ﻫ ﺄ ﻩ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﺎﻟ ﺔ ﻳ ﻐﻀ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﺤ ﺬ ﻑ‪.‬‬

‫‪ . ١٤‬ﺗ ﻔ ﻴ ﻲ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ ﺍﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻞ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍ ﻟ ﻐ ﻘ ﺮﺍ ﺕ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻌ ﺘﺐ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﺘﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺠ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟ ﺖ ﻳ ﺨ ﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﺣ ﻮﻟ ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﺎ ﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻨ ﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻯ‬

‫ﺃﻫ ﻤ ﻴ ﺘ ﻬﺎ ﻭﻧ ﺴ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪﻣ ﻬ ﺎ؟ ﻟﻦ ﻫ ﺪ ﻓ ﻨﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺋ ﻴ ﺲ ﻣ ﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻳ ﺴ ﺘ ﻤ ﺘ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺎﺭﺉ ﺑ ﺴ ﻠﺴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺﺀ ﻓ ﻞ ﻳ ﺸ ﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﻔ ﺠ ﻮﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺜ ﻘ ﺎ ﻓ ﻴ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭﺭﺍ ﺋ ﺤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﺃ ﻭ ﺗﺍﺮ ﻛ ﻴ ﺐ ﺃﻋ ﺠ ﻤ ﻴ ﺔ ﺗ ﻔ ﻘ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺃﺻﺎﻟ ﺘﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺙ ﻝ!‬
‫ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ‪ .‬ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ﻡ ﺭ‪.‬ﺭﻭ‪.‬ﻡ ﻡ ﺡ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ ‪ ..‬ﻡ ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺭ ﻡ ‪ . .‬ﺭ ‪ .‬ﻡ ﺭ ﻡ ﺭ‪ . ٠‬ﻡ ﺭﻡ ﻭ> ﻡ ‪ .‬ﻡﺭﺭﻡ ﺭ ﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳ ﻤﻲ ﺗ ﻮ ﻡ ﻭﺍ ﺳ ﻢ ﻛ ﺎ ﺋ ﻠﺖ ﺑﺮﻳ ﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٥‬ﺍ ‪ .‬ﻣﻘ ﻞ ﺍ ﻛ ﻤ ﺔ ﻭ ﻓ ﻘﺎ ﻟ ﻄﺮﻳ ﻘ ﺔ ﻃﻘﻬﺎ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ ‪ - ) :‬ﻩ ﺃ ( ﺩ‪ ٠‬ﺀ ( ﺃ ﺍ ﺩ ‪ -‬ﺩ ﻩ ‪ (٧‬ﺃ ﻱ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻤﺎ ﺩ ﻋ ﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻌ ﻮ ﻳ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺮﻭﻑ ﺍ ﻟﺠ ﺒ ﻴ ﺔ ﺇ ﻝ ﺣ ﺮﻭ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻬ ﺪ ﻑ‪ ،‬ﺳ ﻠﻖ ﻫ ﺬ ﻩ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻤ ﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﺴ ﻤ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺼ ﻄﻠ ﻌ ﺎ ﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻟ ﻖ ﻟ ﺲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻘ ﺎﺑ ﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻙ ﻕ ﻕ ﺃ ﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺃ ﻟ ﻬ ﺪ ~ ﻣ ﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﻩ ‪ ٩‬ﻩ ﺃﺃ ( ﻩ ﺃ ﺍ ﺍ ~ ~‬
 ‫‪- ٣‬ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳ ﻮﺍ ﺟ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﻴﻌ ﻢ ﺧ ﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﻣ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﺩ ﺓ ﺃ ﺛ ﻨﺎﺀ ﻋ ﻤ ﻠ ﻴ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﻘ ﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﻳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺬ ﻫﺎ ﻟ ﻴ ﺴ ﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﺕ‬

‫ﻋ ﺸ ﻮﺍ ﺋ ﻴ ﺔﺀ ﺑ ﻞ ﻭ ﻓ ﻖ ﺍﻋ ﺘ ﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﻋ ﺪ ﻳ ﺪ ﺓ ﺃ ﻫ ﻤ ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺴ ﻴﺎ ﻕ ﺍﻟ ﺬ ﻱ ﻳ ﻌ ﻤ ﻞ ﻋ ﻠ ﻴ ﻪﺀ ﺇﻥ ﺑ ﻌﺾ ﻫ ﺬ ‪ ٥‬ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺮﺍﺭﺍ ﺕ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺭﻳ ﺔ ﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﺗ ﺘ ﻌ ﻠﻖ ﺑ ﻤ ﻘ ﺘﻀ ﻴﺎ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﻭﺑ ﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺠ ﻲ‪ ٥‬ﺃ ﻭ ﻝ ﺗ ﺠ ﻲ‪ ،٥‬ﻭﺑ ﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍ ﻟﺘﺨﺮ ﻣ ﺒ ﻦ ﻋ ﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍ ﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃ ﻭ ﻝ ﻳ ﺴ ﺘ ﺤ ﺴ ﻨ ﻪ؟ ﻟ ﺬﺍ ﻳ ﺨﻀ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻟ ﺘ ﺤ ﻮ ﻟ ﺖ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﺴ ﺘ ﻮﻯ ﺍ ﻟ ﻠ ﻔ ﻮ ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻘ ﺪ ﻳ ﺘ ﻌ ﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻔ ﻌ ﻞ ﺇ ﻝ ﺣ ﺎ ﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻗ ﺪ ﻳ ﺘ ﻔ ﻲ ﻣ ﻮ ﻗﻊ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩ ﺓ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟ ﺠ ﻤ ﻠ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎ ﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻭﺍ ﺳ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺤ ﻴ ﻠﺔ ﺇ ﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﺫ ﻣ ﺘ ﻤ ﻜ ﺘﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺼ ﺎ ﺗﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﻩ ﺍﻋ ﻠ ﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﻗﺎﺭﺉ ﻭﻟ ﻜ ﻨﻪ ﻳ ﺨﺘ ﻠﻒ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻘ ﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺎ ﺩ ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬ ﻮ ﻳ ﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺇ ﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍ ﻟ ﻔﻜ ﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻤﻀﻤﺮﺓ‬

‫ﻟ ﻴﺼ ﻴ ﺐ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺑﺄ ﻛﻤ ﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻩ ﺍﺭﻉ ﺩﺭﺣ ﺔ ﺗ ﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳ ﺠ ﺪﺭ ﺑ ﻚ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘﻬﺎ ﺑ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪﺓ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﻖ ﺍﻭ ﺫ ﺗ ﻜﺮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻋ ﺸﺂ ﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍ ﺕ ﻱ ﻝ ﺗ ﺤ ﺪ ﺙ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎ ﻛﺂ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ؟ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻑ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ ﺑﺄ ﻛ ﺆ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﻠﻤ ﺔ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﻳ ﺆﺩﻱ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﺘ ﺒﺎ ﺱ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻐﻤ ﻮﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ ﻝ ﺗ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺃ ﺳ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﻠ ﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘ ﻘ ﻨﻴ ﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺑ ﻌ ﻨﻰ ﺍ ﻟﺨ ﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺍ ﻟ ﺪﻭﺭﻳﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺍ ﻟﺼ ﺤﻒ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺠ ﻠ ﺖ ﻭﺃﺣ ﻴﺎ ﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺸ ﻜﺎ ﺕ؟ ﻟﻨﻬﺎ ﺗ ﻌ ﺪ ﺣ ﻘ ﻮ ﻗﺎ ﺍ ﺳ ﻤ ﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻧ ﻤﺎ ﺗ ﻜ ﺘ ﺐ ﺑ ﻨ ﻄ ﻘ ﻬﺎ ﺍ ﻟﺼﻮ ﻝ ﺩﺍ ﺋ ﺘ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﺤﻴ ﺚ ﻳﻜ ﺘ ﺐ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻣ ﻘ ﺎﺑ ﻞ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻢ ﺍ ﻟﺠ ﻨﺐ ﻭﻳ ﻮﺿﻊ ﺑ ﻲ ﻗ ﻮﺳ ﻲﺀ ﻭﺩﺍ ﺋ ﺘ ﺎ)ﺀ ﺀ(( ﺀ‪ 1‬ﺍ ﺩ(ﺁ ﻩ ﺩ_( ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻩ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈ ﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﻳﻜ ﺘ ﺐ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺮﺑ ﻴﺔ ﻭﺣ ﺪﻫﺎ ﻣ ﺜﺎ ﻝ‪ :‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻧ ﻴﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﺭﺑﺜ ﺎﻟ ﻴ ﻚ ) ( ﺃ ﺍ ﺩ‪ ٨‬ﺀﺀ ﻩ _ ﺍ ﻩ ﺁ ﻩ ﺩ~ ‪.‬ﺀ ~(‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺑ ﻮ ﻇﺐ ) ﺁﻁ ﻩ‪ ٩ ٢‬ﻣﻪﻁ ‪ ،(٩‬ﻧﻬﺮ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻴ ﻞ) ﺀﺍ ﺁ ﻝ(‪ ،‬ﺷ ﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺕ ﻟ ﻴ ﻨ ﻚ ) ﻩ ﻣﻪ ﻩﺀ ﻝ ( ﻩ ﺃ ﺍ(ﺀ ‪ ،(٩‬ﺑ ﻠﻮﺗ ﻮﺙ‬
‫)‪ ( ٨‬ﻩ ﻩﺀﻣﻪ ﺍ‪(8‬ﺀ ﻳ ﻮ ﺇ ﺱ ﻝ )‪ 58‬ﻟ ﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺻ ﺤﻴﻐﺔ ﻧ ﻴ ﻮﻳ ﻮﺭﻙ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺰ ) ﺩ ﺀ _ﺁ ﺍ ‪٨‬ﺀ ﻩ‪ ٧‬ﻫﻪ ﺀ ﻝ ﺀ‪ ،(٧٨‬ﺻ ﻌ ﻴ ﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺑ ﻮﺳ ﻄﻦ ﻏ ﻠﻮﺏ ) ﺀﻁ ﻩ ﺍ ﻝ ﻩ ﻩ(ﺀ ﻩ‪ ،( 8‬ﻭﻳ ﺠ ﺐ ﺃ ﺫ ﻳ ﻮﺣ ﺪ ﻑ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻓ ﻞ ﻳ ﻘ ﺎﻝ ﺑ ﻴ ﻲ ﺑ ﻮﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻮ ‪ /‬ﺑ ﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑ ﻮﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ ﺃﺣ ﻴﺎﺛﺎ ﺗ ﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺃ ﺳ ﻤ ﺎﺀ ﺍ ﻟ ﻤ ﻌﺎﻫ ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨ ﻈﻤﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻬ ﻴ ﺌﺎ ﺕ ﻟ ﻠ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺣ ﻖ ﻳ ﻌﺮﻑ ﻣ ﺠﺎﻟﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨ ﻘ ﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ﺠﻤ ﻌ ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮﻳﻜ ﻴﺔ ﻟ ﻠﻌ ﻠﺞ ﺍﻟ ﻮ ﻇﻴ ﻦ ) ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﺃ ﺀ ﻩ ﺩﺀ ﻩ ﻭ ﻩ ﺩﺀ ﺀ‪ ( ٨‬ﺍ ﻩ ﻩ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ ﻩ ﻣﻪ ﺀﺀ ﻩ ﻩ ﺩﺀﺃ ﺩ ﺀ _ ‪ ،(٩‬ﻣ ﻌﻬ ﺪ‬
‫ﺟ ﻮﺭﺣ ﻴﺎ ﻟ ﻠﺘ ﻜ ﻨ ﻮﻟ ﻮﺟ ﻴﺎ ) ﻡﻯ ﻩ ﺍ ﻩ ﻩ‪ ٨‬ﺀ ﺀ‪ ٧‬ﺃ ﻩ ﺀ (ﻣﻪ (ﺁ ( ﺩ ﻩﺍ ﺩﺃﻉﺀ ﻩ ﺀ ﻝ(‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺠ ﻠ ﺲ ﺍﻟ ﻨ ﻮﺍ ﺏ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮﻳ ﻲ‬
‫) ﺩ ﺀ ﻩ ﺃ ( ﻩ(‪ ٨‬ﺀ ﺩ ﺀ ﺩ ﻩ ﺀ‪ ( 8‬ﻩ ﺀ ﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻩ ‪ ٢‬ﺩ ﻩﺀ ﻩﺀ‪ 5‬ﻟ ﻪ (ﺃ ﻩ ﻟ ﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺛ ﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻳ ﺪ ﻳﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺤ ﺪﻭﺩ ﺓ ﻟ ﻠ ﻄﺎ ﻗﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺸﻤ ﺴ ﻴﺔ‬
‫)~~ ﻟﻰﺩ ﺀ‪ ٩٢‬ﺍﻁ ﺍ~‪ 5‬ﺍﻁ ﺀ ﻟﺎ(‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻩ ﺣ ﺬ ﺙ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺮﺍﺟ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺖ ﺗ ﻨ ﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﻤ ﻪ ﺇﻟ ﻴﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌﺎﺟ ﻢ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻘ ﻮﺍ ﻣ ﻴ ﺲ؟ ﻟ ﺘ ﺘ ﻮﺍ ﻛ ﺐ ﻣ ﻊ ﺍﻟ ﺜ ﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻌﺮﻓ ﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣ ﺘ ﻄ ﻠ ﺒﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺮﺟ ﻠ ﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﻝ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺰﻋ ﻞ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻜ ﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺠﻤ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓ ﺘ ﻀ ﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻦ ﺑ ﺤ ﻴ ﺚ ﻳﺼ ﺒ ﺢ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍﻟ ﻬ ﺪ ﻑ ﺭ ~ ﻝ‬

‫ﻳ ﺴ ﺘ ﻄ ﻴ ﻊ ﺍ ﻟ ﻘ ﺎﺭﻯ ﻓﻬ ﻤ ﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ ﺍ ﺣﺮﺹ ﻋ ﻞ ﺗ ﻘ ﺴ ﻴ ﻢ ﻓ ﻘ ﺮﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺕ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺼ ﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ﻞ ﻋ ﺪ ﻡ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﻠ ﻌ ﺐ ﺑ ﺘ ﻮﺯ ﻳ ﻌﻬﺎ ﻋ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼ ﻐ ﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﺣ ﺎ ﻓ ﻆ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺨ ﻄ ﻂ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼ ﻮﺭﺓ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳ ﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﻴﺎ ﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺟ ﻢ ﺑﻠﻤ ﺎ ﺗ ﻪ ﻭﺣ ﺪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ ﺿﻊ ﻧﺼ ﺐ ﻋ ﻴ ﻨ ﻴ ﻚ ﻋ ﻨ ﺪ ﺍ ﻧ ﺘ ﻘ ﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻐﺮﺩﺍ ﺕ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺎ ﺩ ﻓﺎ ﺕ ﺃ ﻥ ´´ﺍﻟ ﺸﺎ ﺋﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﻠ ﻐﺎ ﻅ ﺃ ﻭ ﻝ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫~ﺍﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ﻩ ﺃ ﻣ ﺪ ﻗ ﺮﺍﺀ ﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﺖ ﺗ ﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺘ ﻪ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻣ ﺪ ﺓ ﺳ ﺎ ﻛ ﺎ ﺕ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺤ ﻤ ﺔ ﺃ ﻭ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﻣ ﺪ ﺓ ﺃ ﻳﺎ ﻡ؟ ﺣ ﻴ ﻨﻬ ﺎ ﺳ ﺘ ﺘ ﻀ ﺢ ﻣ ﺸ ﺎ ﻛ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ﺘﺒﺠ ﻤ ﺔ‬

‫~‬ ‫ﻩ ﺍﺑ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻠﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺸﺎ ﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﺍﻟﺼ ﺤ ﻔ ﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗ ﺤﻖ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻮ‬

‫ﻩ ﺍﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤ ﻌﺎ ﺩ ﻟ ﺖ ﺑﺼ ﻴ ﻔ ﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻣ ﻮﺯﻫﺎ ﺍ ﻟﺠ ﻨ ﺒ ﻴ ﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍ ﻛ ﺘ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻴ ﺴﺎﺭ ﺇ ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻴﻤ ﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺟ ﺎﺀ ﺕ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‬
‫ﻩ ﻳﻐﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗ ﺪﻉ ﺗﺮﺟ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻨ ﻮﺍﻥ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻟ ﺘ ﺤ ﻈﻰ ﺑﺄ ﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺣ ﻮﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﻓ ﺴﻞ‬
‫ﻩ ´´ ﻛ ﻠﻤﺎ ﺿﺎﻕ ﻣ ﺠﺎﻝ ﻟ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺨﺼ ﺺ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﻌ ﻲ ﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺗ ﻮﺳ ﻴﻊ ﻧ ﻄﺎﻕ ﻣ ﻌﺮﻓ ﺘﻪ ﺑ ﻤ ﻮﺿﻤ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤ ﻨ ﻘ ﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺧ ﺘﺎ ﻗﺎ‪ :‬ﺗ ﻌ ﺘﺐ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﺠ ﻤ ﺔ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻌ ﺐ ﻣ ﺠﺎ ﻟﺖ ﺍ ﻟ ﺘﻴﻌ ﻤ ﺔ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﺺ ﺍ ﻟ ﺤ ﺪﻳ ﺚ؟ ﻭ ﺫﻟ ﻚ ﻟﺮﺗ ﺒﺎ ﻃﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻤﺼ ﻄﻠ ﺤﺎ ﺕ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﻴ ﺔ ﺣ ﺪﻳﺜ ﺔ ﻗ ﺪ ‪ 7‬ﻧ ﺠ ﺪ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺩ ﺛﺎ ﻳ ﻌ ﺒ ﻌ ﻨﻬﺎ ﻑ ﺍﻟ ﺒ ﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﻮﻱ ﻟ ﻠ ﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻬ ﺪﻑﺀ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻀﺎ ﻓﺔ ﺇ ﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺼ ﻮﺹ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ﻠﻤ ﻴﺔ ﺗ ﻌﺐ ﻋ ﻦ ﺣ ﻘ ﺎ ﺋﻖ ﻋ ﻠﻤ ﻴﺔ ﻣ ﺤ ﺪ ﺩ ﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻳ ﺘ ﻄﻠ ﺐ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺮ ﻧ ﻘ ﻞ ﻣ ﺤﺘ ﻮﻯ ﺍﻟ ﻨﺺ ﻭﻣ ﻌﻨﺎ ﻩ‬
‫ﻧ ﻘ ﻞ ﺃ ﻣ ﻴ ﺜﺂ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺗ ﻌ ﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺗ ﻌ ﺪﻳﻞ ﻑ ﻣ ﺤ ﺘ ﻮﺍ ﻩﺀ ﻭﻫ ﻨﺎ ﻳﻜ ﻤ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋ ﻞ ﺍﻟﻤ ﺘﺠ ﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺟ ﺤﻪ ﺇ ﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺼ ﻄﻠ ﺤﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺨﺼ ﻰ ﺫﺍﺗ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺒ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺘ ﺴﻊ ﺃﺛ ﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﺧ ﺘ ﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﺘﺎ ﺩ ﻓﺎ ﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻤ ﻨﺎ ﺳ ﺒ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺒ ﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﻋ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍ ﻟﺴ ﻠ ﻮﺏ ﺍ ﻟﻨ ﺸﺎﻱ ﺃ ﻭ ﺍ ﻟﻌ ﺒﺎﺭﺍ ﺕ ﺍ ﻟﺼ ﺤ ﻔ ﻴﺔﺀ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺘ ﺤﺮﻯ ﺍﻟ ﺪ ﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻮ ~‪.‬‬
 ‫~ ﻣ ﺠ ﻠ ﺔ ﺗ ﺎ ﺭ ﻳ ﺦ ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﻠ ﻮ ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴ ﻢ ﺩ ﻭ ﺭ ﺇﻋ ﺎ ﺩﺓ ﺍﻟ ﺼ ﻴ ﺎﻏ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ﻋﻤ ﻠﻴ ﺔ ﺍ ﻟﺘ ﺮ ﺟﻤ ﺔ )ﺍ ﻟ ﻌ ﺪﺩ ﺍ ﻟ ﺨ ﺎﻣﻤ ﻰ (‪ .‬ﺩ ﻛﺘ ﻮ ﺭﺓ ﺳﻤ ﻴ ﺔ‬
‫ﺑ ﻮ ﻃﺒ ﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﺎﻣ ﻌ ﺔ ﻋ ﻨ ﺎﺑ ﺔ‬

‫~‪93841٩. 4‬ﺀ‪٩٢٩66387‬ﻁﺩ‪1658٩4٩57‬ﻁ‪ 8‬ﻝ‪ 17‬ﺍﺩ‪ ٦1٥8٩‬ﻝ‪٩ ٩‬ﻟﻂﻙ‪~ 5‬ﺩﻝ‪ ٩‬ﺩ ~‪ ~:‬ﺍ ﺍ ﺍ‪ 1٩:‬ﻝ‬

‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤ ﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ )‪ ٤‬ﺍ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‪ ٦ ،‬ﺍ<‪(٢‬‬

‫‪ 3‬ﻝ _‪ ٨‬ﺍﺩﻣﺎ‪((.‬ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍ ﺍ‪٢(( :‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤ ﺔ )‪ ٢٦‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﺒﺮﺀ ‪ .( ٢٠>٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋ ﺪ ﻣﺴﻦ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬
‫ﻝ‪٩8‬ﻫ ﻠﺎﺩﻝ‪((.‬ﻝ‪ ٩‬ﺍ ﺍ‪٨(( :‬‬
‫<ﺍﻟﺘ ﻌﺠﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺠ ﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟ ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍ ﻟﻨﺠ ﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻝ (ﻙ ﺍﺩﻝ‪((.‬ﻝﺀ ﺍ ﺍ‪‌ (( :‬‬
‫« ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﺒ ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺮ‪ .‬ﺍﺍﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤ ﺔ ﺑﺒﻦ ﺍ ﻟﻤ ﺘﻘ ﻠﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﻤﻴ ﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤ ﺔ ﻛﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻚ ﺍﺍ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﻟ ﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺩ ) ﺍ (‪٢. <١١‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺣ ﺴﻦ ﻳ ﻮﺳ ﻒ‪ ٠‬ﻛ ﺪ ´´ ﻛﻴ ﻒ ﺗﺘ ﺮﺟ ﻢ ؟ ﺇ´´‪ ٠‬ﺗ ﺎﺭﻳ ﺦ ﺍ ﻟﺘ ﺎﺣ ﺔ ‪ ١ ٠‬ﺇﺑ ﺮﻳﻞ‪٢ ٠٠~ ٠‬‬