INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL to accompany ADVANCED ENGINEERIN MATHEMATICS PETER V, O’NEIL. ISBN 0-495-08244-9 PETER V. O°NEIL Et THOMSON fe ENGINEERING eee aon IlTHOMSON nee ane ENGINEERING COPYRIGHT © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Ltd, Nelson is a registered trademark used herein under licens, For more information contact Nelson, 1120 Birchmount Road, Searberough, Ontario MIK SG4, Or you ean visit our Interne site aL wee. nelson.com, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part ofthis work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—zraphie, eleetronie, oF mecbanica, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems—-withoat the written permission ofthe publisher,Contents First Order Differential Equations Second Order Differential Equations ‘The Laplace Transform Series Solutions Numerical Methods Vectors and Vector Spaces Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations Determinants Eigenvalues, Diagonalization and Special Matrices Systems of Linear Differential Equations Qualitative Methods and Systems of Nonlinear Differential Equations Vector Differential Calculus Vector Integral Caleulus Fourier Series ‘The Fourier Integral and Fourier Transform Special Functions, Orthogonal Expansions and Wavelets ‘The Wave Equation The Feat Equation ‘The Potential Equation Geometry and Arithmetic of Complex Numbers ‘Complex Fuictions ‘Complex Integration Series Representations of Functions Singularities and the Residue Theorem Conformal Mappings Counting and Probability Statistios 4 4 B 106 118 136 143 158 176 199 ail 226 245 281 307 337 364 389 394 405 12 416 430 455 496Chapter One - First Order Differential Equations Section J.1 Preliminary Concepts 1 1. For 2 > 1,29! Ven ey co we have yl +9 $0 y is a solution. 2. With 0e"* 4 06"* = 0, 509 is a solution. 3. For «> 0, we rewrite the equation as 2ny/ + 2y = —e*. Then with y= have Quy! +29 = -0"#(c—e#) + (-e*) +a7¥(c—e*) 4, For #3 sbx/2, we have yf = Meme), wo , 80 is a solution 5. On any interval not containing 2 = 0 we have, yf = 2 (3 + a) set (& - 3) = way o- (=°) =2—y, 80 9 is saolution, 6. For all wg! ys —ce"® 4 {1 + ce7*) = 3, thus Ca} + ce™* is a solution for all In 7 LL, recall that for y defined implicitly by FG, ») C we have Fete WM (a4) for which the partials F, and Fy exist be 7. With F(2,y) = y? + 2y — 20? ~ 30 — 2y = C, we have y— 40-3 + (2y + a — iy! =O. 8. With (zu) 9. With F(z,y) = y?— da? + = C, we have 88 ~ ye — (y+ x6")y! = 0. 8 pe (: z ay’ —y = C, we have y+ (Say? — 1)y! = 0. 10. With F(s,y) = 8ia|s—2y-+4}-22-+6y = C, we have 0. Solving for y! gives yf = 1. With Ple,y) = tan” ) tet 6, we tae I teh ( 12, Direct integration gives C= —3. The unique solution is y 2°40. The initial condition y(2) 2-3. 18. Diroct integration gives y ‘The unique solution is y = 1d yo ators d 15, y = Asin’(@) — 2 16 yoda? + 5 sin(22) 3Section 1.1 5 % 3 ¥ 4 : & ¥ a z ; it za ed ei qq Fa a= 38 83 Esc gs EB eg BY as aa 23 > ig gE ISOC LL DPSS ge = 88 UTI Ee? | AN ae 8 COO TE<< AAD g g . & & T2Z938 4 3 ZOGRS Wid mee ae ra Miiccs 1 GEES 3 pbooe? > ZEUS ® Ba-27 1 fs LeGix 8 een a: aa 3 eek 45 (22,8 8 §glSh | s£eccr a3 GEG 8 gesaS8 8 2G5°33 Bgl a ZEGALN B Brn 3 AZ4A8 Rae & R44 f NOS : roammn: 8 s > LSI et nS 5 : sil Zz g ga a i ga-N 3 a3 ZEN % £ A ag>} a a gy} = enw, g aSection 1.2 3 126, Direction field for f = 2y +3: olution for y(0 =} 27. Choose a point (zo,2) on the line x = a, Then the solution curve through this point has slope y/(x0,2) = 4l#o) ~ pl(zo)2, and the lineal element through this point has equation y = glo) ~ pleto)al(a ~ 0) + 2. The claim is that all these lines pass through the common ; Lalas 1 point (20+ sears a "To a2 this, pub # = + 7 in the tangent Tne equation ant get = i 1 au) = [alzo) ~ plso)2|(10 + ~~ aa) + 2 = pire) plato) Section 1.2 Separable Equations 1, Separation of variables gives Syd 4zde, and integration gives y! = 2s? + K. dz 2. The equation is soparable as % — -%, where we have assumed y # 0 and x # 0 z Integration gives In|y = —In|z| +c, or more compactly, In{xy| — ©. Exponentiation gives ay K where we have renamed the constant e® as A’. Removing any restrictions on KC, wwe get all solutions in the form ay = 3. ‘This equation is not separable, since sin(e+ y) cannot be expressed as A(n) B(y) for any AB 4. Since o®¥ = e%eY, the equation is separable as e¥dy = Sxe“*de. Integration gives = 3e(e FHC. dy a 5, The equation separates as = = Ty 1 + G . za) dy. Integration gives lu fx| + C= In a | which ean be rewritten as y = Ax(y — 1). This can easily be solved for y to give (2) = 0 is alto a singular solution. oS "ae 6. ‘The equation is not separableSection 12 7. The equation separates as aul s, and integration gives see(y) = Ar. 1 ay 1 1 8 Separation and use of partial fractions gives { — — dys (a- dz, “ " 8 G Fa) 8 ¢ =) Tote. gration and exponentiation gives the implicitly defined solution — A{ = Poi “lest 9. Not separable 10. Expand the coefficient of dy by using addition formules for cos(x +y) and sin(x — y) to ‘get [cos(e + y) + sin(x — y)] = (cos(2) cos{y) ~ sin(sx) sin(y} + sin(z) cos{y) — costar} sin(y]] — [cos(r}-+sin(x)|[eos(y) —sin{y)]. Also by a trig identity cos(2x) = cos*(x) —sin®(x) = [eos(z) + sin(z)|(oos(=)—sin(=)|. ‘Thus the equation separates as [eos(y) ~sin(y)}ety = [oos(2)~sin(2)|a. ‘The general solution is given implicitly by os(y) +sin(y) = cos(2) + sin(z) + C. 11, Separation of variables and a bit of algebra gives (v ~i+ zh) dy = ©, Integration ? vields 5 —y-tIn jy +1| In [x|-+C. The initial condition gives 2—2-+-in(3) = In(3)+24+C so y = =2, and £ —y+In(y +1) = Infa) —2. Note: the absolute values on in y+ 1f and In fe} can both be rémoved'slnce the initial conditions ensure we are in a region of the ay-plane where y > -1 and « > 0 3x%de integrates to give Injy-+ 2] = 2° +C. ‘Phe initial condition gives C — wee) La 8, s0 In ( re) ots 13, Writing In(g") = ein(y), separation of variables gives "ay = sodx, with solution (la(y))? = 32? + C. Initial conditions give 9 = 124 C so C= ~3 and (In(y})? = 32?—3. 14, Since e*-#” = ¢-e-%, separation gives tye” dy = etda, with sohition eM” = 6 4. The initial condition requires that C = 0 80 o” = e® or yf Since y <0, we have y =~. sin(ay) , con(8y) 3 9 1 4 initial condition requires Fsin(n) + 5 cos(a) = 5 +C, a0 C = =<. ‘The solution ean be written as 3ysin(Sy) + cos(3y) = 92? — 15. Separation gives yoos(3y)dy = 2edz, with solution = 240, The o ar 16, By Newton's law of cooling the temperature is givan by the solution of re - 60); T(G) = 90 and 7(10) = 88. Separation of variables and the initial condition T(0) =. easily give T'(4) = 60 + 30e*. The condition T(10) = 88 gives 88 = 60-+ He! or eb = ‘ uw B At this point we could either solve for & ae(é } #3 ~6.899287 x 1079, or noting that ct = TE rite te station ns T(t) = 60+ se!9"" sao 80+ 30 (#) Jn 20 minutes,Section 1.2 5 14\? ayy T(20) = 60430 (3) = 86.18°F. To reach 65°, solve 65 = 60 +30 (#) to got s0in(1/6) iptaayig) ©2007 este. 17. Let { O denote the time in minutes since the thermometer was removed from the house which was at 70°F. Let A denote the unknown outside ambient temperature (assumed constant). The temperature of the thermometer is modeled by the problem g = KA), with (0) = 70,7(6) = 60 end T(15) = 80.4, We wish to find A. Separation of vasiebles and T(0) = 70 readily yields T(t) = A+ (70 ~ A)e. ‘The other two temperature readings at t= 5 and t= 15 give the equations, T(5) = 60 = A+(70— Aje* and T(15} = 60.4 = ‘A+-(70—A)e!., To solve these equations for A, solve the first fore == EA = 4) | substitute 3 into the second to get (70 — A) (4) = (604 ~ A) and simplify to get the quadratic equation 10.44? ~ 11564 + 80960 = 0 which hs solutions A= 45 and A= 66.15, Clearly we must have A < 50.4, 50 A = 45°. 18. The solution of the equation which models this bacterial growth is P(t} = Fye*t where Py is a constant, & > 0 and t le moastied in hours, For the particular problem we are given ‘P(O} = 100,000 with time = 0 at 10:00 am, on Tuesday, 90 P(E} = 10K. From 10.00 fam. Tuesday umil noon Thursday is 50 hours, and P{50) = 3+ 10 = 10%", Solve for & = (3)'/5¢ to gat P(e) = 10°(3)*°, Time 3:00 p.m. the following Sunday is ¢ = 125 hour 80 P(125) = 10°(3)'29/80 = 9-108, = 1.56 10% bacteria, Monday at 4:00 pun, corresponds to t = 180, co P(150) = 10°(3)° = 2-7 10" bacteria, Assuming the arth is a perfect sphere of radius 3960 miles, we find the Barth ares to be A = 4a(3960 - 5280-12]? = 7.91 x 10" squate inches. At 10° bacteria per square inch, it would take hours to overrun the Barth * iS whore 10°(3)!/50 = 7.91 x 10%, Solve for f ee 2 1876 hn 78 days. 19, Since A= 4nr? and ¥ = 4 so, wehave A= S5RVHS, 90 OE ok = bYOEEV™. Ao a avy? suming V = Vpattimet = 0, this separable equation has solution V2) [ne +k (4) ‘| . ‘ on or &4 20, The amount of radioactive materia is given by the solution of SF* = &A,A(0) = 3, A(ln(2)) o with ¢ in weeks, Solving and fitting initial conditions gives A(t} yin yy itina 2 (2) as 92 (2) = ye yes 21, We easily find U(@) = 10 G vin years, so U(10°) = 10 G) 2 BT ke, 22. At any time # there will be A(E) = 26M gms. present, and A(d) = 9.1 requires ef = O 1, (90 soko Gin(ss) = Ina. (06915805, Half life is the time t* so A(t" od EX =6,ore = on i? 12 6, ore! z This gives tt = 10,02 minutes,