 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٣-٦ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬
Beginning Address Control STDM FCS Encoding

‫א‬‫א‬

٢٤٤
  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
GSM‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Introduction
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Frequency Division Multiple Access FDMA) ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬FDMA‫א‬‫א‬
(microprocessor)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ (cell)‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(cellular telephone system)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(standards)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬GSM‫א‬،GSM GSM
 KGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،GSM

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١
 History of Mobile Communications‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(remote controllers) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،(remote controllers for home entertainment equipment)‫א‬‫א‬
(cellular ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(pagers)‫א‬،(cordless telephones)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،telephones)
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (mobile)‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(portable)
 K
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬(subscriber)
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(subscriber unit)
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(Simplex) K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

-٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Half-duplex) K٢
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
(release to ‫א‬(push to talk)‫א‬‫א‬
(Police 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬listen)
K‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F،terminals)





‫א‬ ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Full-duplex)  K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ١F‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ١F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

The Pre-Prevailing Stage ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ١J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬،E
 ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣J ١F












‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ١F 



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
only car telephone service‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Heavy, bulky and expensive equipment‫• א‬
No handover capability‫א‬ •
Poor grade of service‫א‬ •
Low speech quality ‫א‬‫א‬ •
KLow capacity‫א‬‫• א‬
High market saturation‫א‬ •
KNo frequency reuse‫א‬‫א‬ •
KPower level is not safe (very high)  ‫א‬ •
KPower hungry transceivers‫א‬ •

The First Generation Mobile Systems ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ١J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EE٤J ١F ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ١F


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

(1970's-‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1980's)

The System‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬(Cellular system)‫א‬‫א‬
Frequency reuse‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Adaptive power control ‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Cell sectorization)‫א‬ •
Cell splitting ‫א‬‫א‬ •
Handover‫א‬‫• א‬

Standard‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KDepending on analog technology‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KDifferent operating frequency ranges‫א‬ •
KIncompatible systems‫א‬ •
KSuffer from capacity saturation‫א‬‫א‬ •
KLimited to voice service‫א‬ •
KInsufficient transmission quality‫א‬ •
KNo encryption •
KFrequency modulation (FM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KFDMA transmission technology‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 The system‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F‫א‬

-٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  


‫א‬ EF‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
Operational Frequency range Country System
year (MHz)
1979 800 ‫اﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎن‬ Nippon Telephone and Telegraphy
Japan (NTT-MTS)
1979 800 ‫اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ Advanced Mobile Phone Service
US (AMPS)
1981-85 450 ‫اﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﻓﺒﺎ‬ Nordic Mobile Telephone
900 Scandinavia (NMT)
1985 900 ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬ Total Access Communi. System
UK (TACS)
1985 450 ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ C450
Germany
1985 450 ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ‬ Radiocom 2000
1989 900 France (NMT)
1985 450 ‫اﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ RTMS
1990 900 Italy TACS
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F


 The Second Generation Mobile Systems ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

-٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

The standard‫א‬
The Pan-European digital cellular standard (GSM):GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
٩٠٠١٩٩١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(Group Special Mobile)GSM،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
Electronic Association interim standard (IS-54)IS-54‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
IS-54
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،١٩٩١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DAMPSAMPS‫א‬ ،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ TDMA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KFDMA‫א‬
Interim StandardIS-95‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
CDMA‫א‬‫א‬
 Telecommunications Industry AssociationTIA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KIS-95
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬JDC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

Kpersonal handy phone system(PHS)
KCT-2DECT‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

Objectives‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KCommon standard ‫א‬‫• א‬
International roaming‫א‬‫• א‬
Huge capacity‫א‬‫• א‬
Digital encryption techniques ‫א‬‫א‬ •
Noise and interference robust‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
-٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Enhanced range of services‫א‬‫• א‬

Low cost equipment •
Low power consumption‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Lightweight, compact, pocket ‫א‬، ،‫א‬ •
size terminals
 TDMA digital transmission‫א‬‫א‬ •
Integrated services digital network ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
compatibility

 The Third Generation Mobile Systems‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ١J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬PSTN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KISDN ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١L٨‫א‬

 The System‫א‬
(Future Public Land Mobile Telecomm-FPLMTS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬unication System)
‫א‬‫א‬K ٢٢٠٠٢١١٠‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٢٥١٨٨٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ETSI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Universal Mobile Telecommunication system)UMTS‫א‬

- ١٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

(International Mobile IMT200‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KITU‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Telecommunication system in year 2000)

 Objectives ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KGlobal standard‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K Global roaming‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KMultimedia services‫א‬‫א‬ •
K Unique universal handset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KMultiple environment(indoor, outdoor, and vehicular scenarios)‫א‬‫• א‬
 KCircuit and packet switching mode of services‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

The standard‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Direct sequence mode based on wide-band code division multiple access(WCDMA)
 ٢٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Multi-carrier mode based on CDMA2000
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Time division duplex (TDD) mode based on TD-CDMA
 K Unique universal handset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KMultiple environment‫א‬‫• א‬







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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  





 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ١F







- ١٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١
GSM١J ٢J ١
 WGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Event ‫א‬ Year‫א‬
 ٩٠٠2×25MHz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٨٢
Committee of European Post & Telecoms (CEPT) recommended
2×25MHz in 900 MHz
.
 CTEP(GSM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٨٢
Group special mobile (GSM) was established by the CPET

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٨٧
Essential elements of wireless transmission are specified

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٨٩
European Telecommunication Standards Institute took over the
responsibility for GSM specifications

 ٩٠٠‫א‬١‫א‬  ١٩٩٠
The phase 1 GSM900 specifications are frozen
 ١٨٠٠‫א‬
Adaptation to DCS 1800 commences

   ١٩٩١
First GSM networks lunched

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٩٢
GSM has changed its name to the Global System for Mobile 
communications for marketing reasons 
 ‫א‬
Most European GSM networks turn commercial
 ‫א‬٧١٣
Some 13 networks in 7 countries are "on air" by the end of the year

 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٩٣
First roaming agreements in effect
 ١٨،١٩٩٣
By the end 1993, networks in 18 countries are operational
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٩٩٤
Data transmission capabilities launched
 ١٩٩٤٤٣٦٩‫א‬‫א‬
The number of networks rises to 69 in 43 different countries by the end of
1994

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٠٠  ١٩٩٥
The first PCS 1900 is launched in The USA
 ‫א‬‫א‬SMS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Facsimile, data and SMS roaming starts
 ‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬
Video signals are transmitted via GSM for demonstration purposes
 ‫א‬‫א‬٥٠٠٠٠
50 000 GSM base stations are in use all over the world

 ٨١١٣٣  ١٩٩٦
133 networks in 81 countries operational

 ‫א‬٤٤١٠٩GSM٢٠٠  ١٩٩٧
200 GSM networks from 109 countries operational with 44 million
subscribers worldwide

 ‫א‬١٣٥١١٨GSM٣٢٠  ١٩٩٨
320 GSM networks in 118 countries with 135 million subscribers
worldwide

    ١٩٩٩

Wireless application protocol
 ٢٦٠،١٣٠
130 countries, 260 million subscribers
 ٣٦٢‫א‬  ٢٠٠٠
362 million users
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
General packet radio services(GPRS)


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

GSM‫א‬٢J ٢J ١
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

(Downlink)٩٦٠J ٩٣٥
(uplink)٩١٥J ٨٩٠
 ‫א‬٢٠J ٣
 ١٢٥
 ٢٠٠
(TDMA)‫א‬‫א‬
(8/Fram)
(13Kbits/sec)١٣
 Interleaving‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 Channel coding‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢
   ٣
(Duplex)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
 ‫א‬  ٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٧
 ‫א‬  ٨
 ‫א‬  ٩
 error protection methods

 Frequency Hopping‫א‬J ٣
Adaptive equalization‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
(GMSK)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

GSM‫א‬٣J ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GSM 
‫א‬‫א‬ GSMK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 W‫א‬
‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫• א‬
‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

GSM٤J ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GSM
 
  ‫א‬   GSM
     
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ، 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  SIM GSMKGSM‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KSIM‫א‬‫א‬

GSM‫א‬٥J ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬K
 ‫א‬

 The switching system(SS) ‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Home Location Register(HLR)‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Visitor Location Register‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
Authentication Center (AUC)‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(International Mobile Subscriber Identity(IMSI)F ‫א‬‫א‬
(International Mobile station Equipment  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
IMSI‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Identity(IMEI))
(MNC)  ‫א‬‫א‬HMobile Country Code(MCC)  
KPublic Land Mobile Network(PLMN)‫א‬HMobile Network Code
Equipment Identity register (EIR)‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 The Base Station System(BSS) ‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬
Base Station Controller(BSC)‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Base Transceiver System(BTS)‫א‬ •
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

GSM٦J ٢J ١
‫א‬‫א‬،GSM‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ١F 
 K‫א‬





GSM ‫( ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم‬٦-١)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬


 Mobile Station(MS)‫א‬‫• א‬
 WE٧J ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K vehicular station‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
Kportable stations‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 Khandheld stationsE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
GSM ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  (main machine interface) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 
  
  
    GSM
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬GSM،‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SIM SIM‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ١F

 Base Station System (BSS)‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(BSC)‫א‬‫א‬(BTS)‫א‬
 KE٨J ١F


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬E٧J ١F


 Base transceiver station (BTS)‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬(BSIC) ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ٦٤
، K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ 

 Base Station Controller(BSC)‫א‬‫א‬ •
٢٠،E٨J ١F BTS 
‫א‬‫א‬A-bisBTSBSC‫א‬،BTS٣٠
 K‫א‬BTSsBSCs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


- ٢٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫ א‬‫א‬E٨J ١F



BTS‫א‬BSC(BSS)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MSCs BSCs‫א‬‫א‬
KChannel allocation ‫א‬ K١
KLink quality‫א‬ K٢
KPower budget control‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KSignaling and broadcast traffic control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KFrequency hopping‫א‬ K٥
 KHandover initiation‫א‬ K٦


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬E٩J ١F‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
call handling that copes with mobile nature of subscribersK

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Management of required logical radio link channel during callsK

(MSC)‫א‬(BSS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Management of MSC-BSS signaling protocol

VLRMS ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
Handling location registration and ensure interworking between MS and VLRK

BSS‫א‬ K٥
Control of inter-BSS handovers

VLRHLR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
Acting as a gateway mobile switching center to interrogate the HLR and VLRK

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
Exchange of signaling information with other system entitiesK

K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨

Other normal functions of a local exchange switch in the fixed network

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬E٩J ١F

Home Location Register (HLR)‫א‬‫א‬ •

 WE١٠J ١F‫א‬(HLR)  ‫א‬‫א‬
KIdentity to mobile subscriber ‫א‬ K١
Integrated  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Kservices digital network directory number of mobile
Subscription 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Kinformation on teleservices and bearer services
KServices restrictions
 ‫א‬ K٤
Ksupplementary services‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 KLocation information for call routing ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠J ١F


 Visitor Location Register‫א‬‫א‬ •
 WE١٠J ١F‫א‬(VLR)  ‫א‬‫א‬
KIdentity of mobile subscriber‫א‬ K١
KAny temporary mobile subscriber identity‫א‬ K٢
KISDN directory number of mobile‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
A directory number to route calls to a ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
Kroaming station
KLocation area where mobile is registered‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 KCopy of subscriber data from HLR‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١١J ١F

Equipment Identity register (EIR)‫א‬‫א‬ •

 WE١٢J ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WValid list‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WSuspect list‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WFraudulent list ‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ١F

- ٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Authentication Center (AUC)‫א‬ •

(OMC) ‫א‬‫א‬(HLR)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٣J ١F
KKi‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KKi‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣



 ‫א‬E١٣J ١F

Operation and maintenance center (MOC)‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٤J ١F  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Operation and maintenance center switching  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 part(OMC-S)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Operation and maintenance center radio ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 part(OMC-R)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ١F

 GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

The Cellular Structure‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(handover) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
E١٦J ١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٦J ١F

- ٢٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Basic cellular concepts ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 Channel reuse‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧٧E١٧J ١F‫א‬
 KGA
‫א‬٧‫א‬
J ١F ‫א‬K٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٧J ١F

‫א‬‫א‬K=7E١٧J ١FK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

K = i 2 + j2 + ij where i and j are integers

 Signal attenuation with distance‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (R) ‫א‬(D) ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(C)
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (I)‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٨J ١FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ D/R‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬E١٨J ١F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 Cell‫א‬٣J ٣J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K •

‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩J ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٩J ١F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠J ١F
Equilateral triangle ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
The square‫ א‬K٢
The regular hexagon‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 E٢٠J ١F

 The cell coverage‫א‬ •

WEE٢١J ١FF‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬٦J 


 ‫א‬E٢١J ١F

WEE٢٢J ١FF‫א‬١٢٠ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K١٢٠٣‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 WEE٢٢J ١FF‫א‬‫א‬٦٠ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K٦٠٦‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 


 E٢٢J ١F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ١
Frequency reuse and the concept of a cluster
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K  ‫א‬    •
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫• א‬
KE٢٣J ١F
KD‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧E٢٤J ١F •


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣J ١F

 E٢٤J ١F

- ٣٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 D/RK‫• א‬
 W‫א‬D/RK‫א‬‫א‬
D = 3K
R
 D/R=4.6K=7E٢٥J ١F

 E٢٥J ١F

- ٣٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 Location area‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ١
KE٢٦J ١F‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦J ١F

- ٣٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

(MSC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ٣J ١
KE٢٧J ١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

MSCE٢٧J ١F

- ٣٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

PLMN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٣J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

GSM٧J ٣J ١
   ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE٢٨J ١FGSM
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K

 GSME٢٨J ١F

- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١
 W‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
BSMS890-915MHZWuplink‫א‬ P-GSM 900  ١
 MSBS935-960MHZW downlink ‫א‬
33cm =λ‫א‬‫א‬
BW=2×25MHz‫א‬‫א‬
Duplex distance=45MHz‫א‬‫א‬
Carrier=200KHz‫א‬‫א‬

Transmission rate = 270.8 Kbps ‫א‬

no. Of channels = 125 ‫א‬‫א‬
BSMS880-915MHZWuplink‫א‬ E-GSM 900  ٢
 MSBS925-960MHZW downlink ‫א‬
 33cm =λ‫א‬‫א‬
 BW=2×35MHz‫א‬‫א‬
 Duplex distance=45MHz‫א‬‫א‬
 Carrier=200KHz‫א‬‫א‬
 Transmission rate = 270 Kbps‫א‬
 no. Of channels = 175‫א‬‫א‬
BSMS1710-1785MHZuplink‫א‬ GSM 1800  ٣
 MSBS1805-1880MHZW downlink ‫א‬
 17cm =λ‫א‬‫א‬
 BW=75MHz‫א‬‫א‬
 Duplex distance=95MHz‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Carrier=200KHz‫א‬‫א‬  
Transmission rate = 270 Kbps ‫א‬
no. Of channels = 373 ‫א‬‫א‬
BSMS1850-1910MHZuplink‫א‬ GSM 1900  ٤
 MSBS1930-1990MHZW downlink ‫א‬
 16cm =λ‫א‬‫א‬
 BW=60MHz‫א‬‫א‬
 Duplex distance=80MHz‫א‬‫א‬
Carrier=200KHz‫א‬‫א‬
Transmission rate = 270 Kbps ‫א‬
no. Of channels = 300 ‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 KGSM‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 KGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 Frequency ‫א‬ ١J ٢
‫א‬  K ƒ    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K Hz  Hertz‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 c  speed of light‫א‬  λ wavelength
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 3x108 m/s
 
ƒ = c/ λ (2-1)

 Frequency spectrum‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٢
‫א‬  ‫ א‬radio wave ‫א‬‫א‬  frequency spectrum ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E١J ٢F‫ א‬   K 300 THz    300 Hz   ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VLF 1Mm – 10Km 0.3 – 30KHz
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ LF 10Km – 1Km 30 – 300KHz
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
LW
MW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ MF 1Km – 100m 0.3 – 3MHz
SW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ HF 100m – 10m 3 – 30MHz
FM
VHF‫א‬ VHF 10m – 1m 30 – 300MHz
 UHF‫א‬ UHF 1m – 10cm 0.3 – 3GHz
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ SHF 10cm – 1cm 3 – 30GHz
‫א‬ EHF 10cm – 1mm 30 – 300GHz


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٢F


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 Band width‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ٢
‫א‬  BW  Band width‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K Hertz E   50% F‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ bits‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢J ٢F ‫א‬ Kbit/sec
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

  
PDC AMPS, TDMA, NMT ‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻬﻮاﺗﻒ‬
810-820 MHz CDMA 452-457 MHz ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
940-956 MHz 824-849 MHz 462-467 MHz Mobile phones
1429-1465 MHz 869-894 MHz
1477-1513 MHz GSM
GSM, TDMA, CDMA 890-915 MHz
1850-1910 MHz 935-960 MHz
1930-1990 MHz 1710-1785 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
  
PHS PACS CT1+ ‫א‬‫א‬
1895-1918 MHz 1850-1910 MHz 885-887 MHz  ‫א‬
1930-1990 MHz 930-932 MHz
 Cordless
PACS-UB CT2 telephones
JCT
254-380 MHz 1919-1930MHz 864-868 MHz

DECT
1880-1900 MHz


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢J ٢F

- ٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 Channels‫א‬‫א‬ ٤J ٣
 channels‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ٥J ٢
v‫א‬Kc = 3x108 m/s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

v = c / √εr

 εr =1‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ relative permitivity‫א‬ εr

 K3x108 m/s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Modulation ‫א‬٦J ٢
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  modulation ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    KPhase ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Frequency‫א‬  Amplitude
‫א‬‫א‬E0 and 1Fbits ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  KModem  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    E ‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 wired local area networks ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  wireless networks‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(ASK) Amplitude shift keying ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬     ASK  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     E١J ٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬K 1  0 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ka 1 ‫א‬ 0
‫א‬ noise‫א‬ interference‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ multi-path propagation‫א‬‫ א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬







 ASK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١J ٢F‫א‬


(FSK) Frequency shift keying‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬FSK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( ٢J ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ 1  0 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
0‫א‬f2 1‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Kf2






 

FSK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢J ٢F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

(PSK) Phase shift keying‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   PSK  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     E٣J ٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬10 ‫א‬180o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 
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 PSK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٢F‫א‬
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Minimum ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   FSK  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       (MSK)  shift keying
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    odd bits      even bits   
Kf2=2f1 f2‫א‬‫א‬f1‫א‬‫א‬ K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  f2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   0   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ J
 E180o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  0    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  1   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ J
 E180o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬f2 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬f2
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

f2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Gaussian low-pass filter ‫א‬
Gaussian minimum shift keying   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     
 GSM  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K (GMSK)
 KDECT
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 MSK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٢F‫א‬
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TDMA E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬٧J ٢
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (FDMA) time division multiple access‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦J ٢F ‫א‬K frequency domain  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    KGSM  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ uplink ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  915MHZ   890MHZ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Kbase transceiver station (BTS)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (MS)   mobile station
‫א‬‫א‬  downlink‫א‬  960MHz   935MHz‫א‬‫א‬
124  ‫א‬K ‫א‬ 20MHZ‫א‬‫א‬
 K 200KHz‫א‬
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 GSM FDMA‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ٢F‫א‬

time domain ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
time division multiple ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬(TDMA)   access
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  TDMA ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٦J ٢F‫א‬
time frame ‫א‬‫א‬ GSM  FDMA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 577µs  time slot 8  4.615ms 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ guard space‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

   545.5µs   148bit‫א‬

  
     ‫א‬    114bit    burst‫א‬
 K57bit
GSM   ‫א‬ digital cellular phones ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
space division multiple ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K cells ‫א‬‫א‬(SDMA)access
‫א‬SDMA‫א‬‫א‬ E٧J ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ f1 , f2, f3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 124‫א‬ ‫א‬ GSM
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 GSMTDMA‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٢F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ (CDMA) code division multiple access ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٨J ٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 analog modulation ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     carrier signal 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   (AMF  amplitude modulation ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
   K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      (FM)   frequency modulation
‫ א‬digital modulation ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 . PSK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ FSK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ASK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 SDMA‫א‬‫א‬ E٧J ٢F‫א‬
analog base-band ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ analog modulation‫א‬‫א‬Ksignal
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K radio carriersignal
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨J ٢F‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K FDMA ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ repeaters‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٢F‫א‬

Path loss ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩J ٢

3x108 m/s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  Pr‫א‬‫א‬  (LOS)  line of sight‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬d‫א‬
‫א‬K inverse square law‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     Pr α 1/d2
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

gain‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 Shadowing‫א‬١٠J ٢
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  blocking ‫א‬  shadowing
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬
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
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 blocking‫א‬ shadowing ‫א‬‫א‬E٩J ٢F‫א‬

 Multi-path propagation‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
multi-path propagation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠
‫א‬ 3µs‫א‬delay spread‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬ 
 K
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 Time dispersion‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   KTDMA ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬time dispersion‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 
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 multi-path propagation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠J ٢F‫א‬


 Time alignment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣J ٢
    time alignment ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬ time domain ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K frequency domain ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٢
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ Kbit  symbol ‫א‬
inter-symbol  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ symbol rate  ‫א‬‫א‬ KK(ISI) interference
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
   Kshort term fading‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫ א‬long term fading‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١J ٢F‫א‬
   ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K    ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Doppler shift
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١J ٢F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬١٥J ٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬ ١٦J ٢
  GSM    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   channel coding  ‫א‬  
  20ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬260bit ‫א‬
K‫א‬78bit ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 182bit‫א‬‫א‬
189bit‫א‬K parity  3bit   tail 4bit‫א‬‫א‬
78bit‫א‬  387bit‫א‬ 1/2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K 20ms        456bit  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬
 KGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ٢F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

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 GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢J ٢F‫א‬
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 Antenna diversity‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
frequency diversity ‫א‬‫א‬ time diversity ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K space diversity ‫א‬‫א‬ angle diversity ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    λ/4  dipole           ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K E١٣J ٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬  λ/2  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K 10cm ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬ 1/10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣J ٢F‫א‬
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 Interleaving ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ interleaving ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kbits ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Adaptive Equalization‫א‬‫א‬١٩J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  burst ‫א‬  time slot ‫א‬ bits‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ Ktraining sequence‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٦J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬ 26bit‫א‬GSM
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

Frequency hopping‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ frequency hopping ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  co-channel interference ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   GSM      K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  TDMA ‫א‬‫א‬ FDMA ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    8    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   577µs   
K 124  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  downlink ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K45MHz‫א‬ uplink‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 slow frequency hopping ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kfast frequency hopping‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E١٤J ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

Timing advance ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٦J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬space guard‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٤J ٢F‫א‬


 GSM‫א‬‫א‬٢٢J ٢
MS‫א‬‫א‬KGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬E١٥J ٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ BTS‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 KE١٥J ٢F‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 















 GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥J ٢F‫א‬
 BTS‫א‬‫ א‬ (b) M‫א‬‫א‬(a)



 GSM ‫א‬‫א‬٢٣J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 260bit  20ms‫א‬
 K‫א‬20ms456bi‫א‬‫א‬K13kb/s‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 Segmentation٢٤J ٢
segments‫א‬GSM
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 40ms  912bit‫א‬  8 ‫א‬ 114bit
 K20ms

GSM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   40ms  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬
114 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 912bit
‫א‬  114bit ‫א‬‫א‬K  8bit
K‫א‬‫א‬  40msKE١٦J ٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 840ms‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬

Encryption ‫א‬٢٦J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   GSM  encryption ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 114bitbinary
   ‫א‬    K ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬114bit‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 Burst formatting‫א‬٢٧J ٢
‫א‬  545.5µs  ‫א‬    148bit   ‫א‬    GSM   
 WE١٧J ٢F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 3bit tail‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 57bituser data‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1bitESF flag 
 26bit‫א‬
1bitESF flag 
 57bituser data‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3bit tail‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 15.25µs‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 30.5µs ‫א‬‫א‬
K577µstimeslot

GSM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦J ٢F‫א‬



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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  










 GSM  burst ‫א‬E١٧J ٢F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٨J ٢
   modulator‫א‬ ‫א‬
Gaussian Minimum ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GSM ‫א‬‫א‬
-60db ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K (GMSK)  Shift Keying
270.8Kbit/s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    K 1.35bit/sec/Hz        200KHz    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬duplexer ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 GSM‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣
‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KGSM‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
FDMA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GSM
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ TDMA‫א‬‫א‬
25 ‫א‬
‫א‬K200KHz‫א‬EcarrierF
 124MHz
‫א‬‫א‬TDMA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬577µs‫א‬15/26 ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬burst

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١J ٣F‫א‬

‫א‬(TDMA-) Frame
 K4.615 ms120/26 ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬GSME٢J ٣F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 dedicated channels‫א‬J 
 MS‫א‬‫א‬
 common channels ‫א‬J 
 Idle Mode‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣
Traffic ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KCCHControl Channels‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{TCH Channels
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Basic Station‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

-٦٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

TCHs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GSM
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 TCHs ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٣
 (26 TDMA-frames)26Multi-frame‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣J ٣F‫א‬

24‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K120 ms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Traffic
‫א‬slow associated control channel (SACCH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

-٦٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TCHs‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
full rate TCHs (13.4kbps)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Khalf rate TCHs (7kbps)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬TCH/F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬Time Slot (TS)‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬TCH/H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬TS0‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬
Broadcast station‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬TCH- data‫א‬
 KE٤J ٣F‫א‬SACCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


-٦٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤J ٣F‫א‬

 TCH/F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٢J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Full Rate Speech Channel (TCH/FS)‫א‬‫א‬ •
13kbps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K22.8kbps‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬
 Full Rate Data Channel (TCH/F9.6) 9600bps ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬9600 bps‫א‬‫א‬
K22.8kbps‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬
Full Rate Data Channel (TCH/F4.8) 4800bps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬4800 bps‫א‬‫א‬
22.8kbps‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬
Full Rate Data Channel (TCH/F2.4) 2400bps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬2400 bps‫א‬‫א‬
22.8kbps‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬
-٧٠-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 TCH/H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٢J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ GSM
Half Rate Speech Channel (TCH/HS)‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬{TCH/F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬GSM‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬‫א‬K7kbps‫א‬
K11.4kbps
Half Rate Data Channel (TCH/H4.8) 4800bps ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬4800 bps‫א‬‫א‬
11.4kbps‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬
Half Rate Data Channel (TCH/H2.4) 2400bps ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬2400 bps‫א‬‫א‬
11.4kbps‫א‬‫א‬GSM‫א‬

 CCHs‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٣
 W‫א‬GSM
Broadcast channel (BCH) ‫א‬ •
Common control channel (CCCHF •
 Dedicated control channel (DCCH F •


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥J ٣F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KGSM
‫א‬‫א‬ CCCHBCH ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
TS0‫א‬‫א‬ CCCHBCH ‫א‬‫א‬
control channel  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬51‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 multi-frame

-٧٢-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ٣F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GSM broadcast channels‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬TCHs‫א‬‫א‬TS0...TS7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬34 GSM‫א‬
BCH ‫א‬51‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬CCCH
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬CCCH
 Kidle frame‫א‬‫א‬TS0
DCCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KDCCH‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 Broadcast Channels (BCH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٢J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

-٧٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬TCHs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KGSMTS0‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ BCH‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬synchronization‫א‬‫א‬BCH
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TS0‫א‬‫א‬BCH
DCCHTCH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kdummy bursts
 KDCCHTCH
 ‫א‬BCH
TS0‫א‬‫א‬
 K51‫א‬‫א‬
 W BCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BCCH
 K54 51‫א‬‫א‬BCCH
BCCHTS 0‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬E SCH FCCHFBCH‫א‬
 CCCHs‫א‬
 K51I‫א‬
Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)‫א‬ •
‫א‬GSMTS 0‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FCCH
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TS 0‫א‬Synchronization Channel (SCH)‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{FCCH
-٧٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬(FN)‫א‬SCHK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(BSIC)‫א‬‫א‬27156470‫א‬
KGSM‫א‬
KE51F‫א‬‫א‬SCH

 Common Control Channels (CCCH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٢J ٣
GSMTS 0‫א‬‫א‬BCH‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬BCH
Paging Channel ‫א‬‫א‬J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬CCCH‫א‬
Random Access Channel (RACH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(PCH)
‫א‬Access Grant Channel(AGCH)‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CCCH‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WCCCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Paging Channel (PCH)‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PCH‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IMSI‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KRACH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PCH
 KGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Random Access Channel (RACH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ KPCH‫א‬
PCH   
 
 ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬KGSMTS 0‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬RACH
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

RACH‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel(SDCCH)
 AGCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Access Grant Channel(AGCH)‫א‬ •
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CCCHAGCH
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ RACH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KCCCH




 CCCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧J ٣F‫א‬



 RACHE٧J ٣F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

  Dedicated Control Channels (DCCH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٢J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬GSM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ DCCHs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KBCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channels(SDCCH) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Slow Associated Control Channels(SACCH)‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fast Associated Control Channels(FACCH)‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channels(SDCCH) ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
SDCCHK ‫א‬TCH‫א‬‫א‬
MSC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
SDCCHK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
 KTCH‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬SDCCH‫א‬
 KCCCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬BCH 
Slow Associated Control Channels(SACCH)‫א‬ •
SDCCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
SACCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Time advance instructions‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬ ‫א‬SDCCH‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬BCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TCH‫א‬
L‫א‬‫א‬ SDCCH
‫א‬SDCCH‫א‬KEE٤J ٣F ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fast Associated Control Channels(FACCH)‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 FACCH‫א‬SDCCH‫א‬
SDCCH‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬FACCH
‫א‬K‫א‬ TCH ‫א‬EbitsF
 K‫א‬TCH FACCH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Logical –physical Mapping‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣

i ‫ واﻟﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬r ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﻗﻨﺎة ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺮدد‬

: ‫( اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ‬Maping) ‫رﺳﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎرآﺔﻋﺪة ﻗﻨﻮات ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﺎة ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﺣﺪة‬

‫ﻟﺘﺮدد‬




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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

  Burst structure and Types ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣

 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KGSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬TCH ,DCCH‫א‬normal burst‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ SCH  FCCHK‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RACH
‫א‬E٨J ٣F ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬dummy‫א‬
 K‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨J ٣F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 20µs‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  


 ‫א‬E٩J ٣F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 4.615ms‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬{20µs 147‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

‫א‬‫א‬

[1] Ericsson Training Manuals.

[2] William Lee, “Mobile Cellular Telecommunications”, McGraw Hill, 2001.

[3]J. Schiller, Addison, “Mobile Communication”, Wesley, 2000.

[4]John Scourias,' Overview of the global system for mobile communications.

[5] Theedere S. Rappaport: Wireless communications.

[6]Philips: GSM system introduction.

[7] Giuseppe Bianchi: GSM- radio interface.

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  ‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬
........................................................................................................................... 
١ ......................................... GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢ ........................................................................................ Introduction
٣ ............................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١
١٣ ....................................................................... GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١
٢٧ .............................................................................. GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١
٤٠ ..................................................................... GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ١
٤٢ ................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٣ ......................................................................................... Frequency‫א‬ ١J ٢
٤٣ ............................................................ Frequency spectrum‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٢
٤٤ ............................................................................. Band width‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ٢
٤٥ ........................................................................................ Channels‫א‬‫א‬ ٤J ٣
٤٥ .................................................................................................. ‫א‬ ٥J ٢
٤٥ ............................................................................ Modulation ‫א‬٦J ٢
٤٨ ................................................... TDMAE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬٧J ٢
٥١ ...................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٨J ٢
٥٢ ................................................................................... Path loss‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩J ٢
٥٣ ..................................................................................... Shadowing‫א‬١٠J ٢
٥٣ .............................................. Multi-path propagation‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٢
٥٤ ....................................................................... Time dispersion‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ٢
٥٤ ....................................................................... Time alignment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣J ٢
٥٥ .................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٢
٥٦ ............................................................................................‫א‬١٥J ٢
٥٦ ..................................................................................................‫א‬ ١٦J ٢
٥٧ ................................................................ Antenna diversity‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ٢
٥٨ ........................................................................ Interleaving‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨J ٢
٥٨ ............................................................ Adaptive Equalization‫א‬‫א‬١٩J ٢
٥٩ ................................................................... Frequency hopping‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ٢

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  ‫א‬  ٢٤٤  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

  

٥٩ ............................................................Timing advance‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١J ٢
٦٠ .............................................................................. GSM‫א‬‫א‬٢٢J ٢
٦١ ........................................................... GSM‫א‬‫א‬٢٣J ٢
٦٢ .................................................................. Segmentation٢٤J ٢
٦٢ ........................................................................... GSM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥J ٢
٦٢ ..................................................................... Encryption‫א‬٢٦J ٢
٦٢ ......................................................................Burst formatting‫א‬٢٧J ٢
٦٤ ............................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬٢٨J ٢
٦٥ .............................................................................................. ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٦٦ ...................................................................................... GSM‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣
٦٧ ................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣
٧٨ ..........................Logical –physical Mapping‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣
٧٩ .............................................. Burst structure and Types‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣
٨١ ....................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
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