1. List eight design features andior sa NEBOSH IGC -2 practice intended to reduce the risk of Accidents on staircase used as internal pedestrian routes within work premises. The removal of obstructions Provision of non slippery surfaces, together with reflective edging. Adequate lighting. Effective maintenance of the staircase. Width of the staircase Provision of handrails Dimension of treads and risers Provision of landings. Provision for disabled persons. Possible use of elevators / life as altemative. Imposing site rules for using appropriate foot wear. 2. Outline the precautions that might be needed to ensure the safety of pedestrians in vehicle maneuv ing areas Separate systems for vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Appropriate road markings. Maintaining good visibility (mirrors, transparent door, provision of lighting etc). Audible warning on vehicles. The wearing of high visibility jackets. Good standard of house keeping. Training for, and supervision of all concerned. Enforcement of site rules. Supervision. 3. Outline the means by which the risk accidents from reversing vehicles wi jin a workplace can be reduced. The various means by which the risk of accidents from reversing vehicles within a workplace can be reduced are. ‘* Trying to avoid the need of vehicle to be reversed. (One way or drive through system, turning circles etc), * Separation of vehicles and pedestrians (barriers, signs etc). * Aspects of vehicle and workplace design (audible alarms, mirrors on vehicles and at blind corners, refuges, lighting etc) + Procedural measures like use of banksmen, site rules, driver training etc.) nebosh IGC 2 Question and answer Page tof 274, Identify the types of hazard that may cause slips or trips at work. There are many reasons why people slip or trip at work. The main reasons are floor poorly being maintained, changes in level (with ramp, slopes or kerbs), slippery surfaces caused by oil, waler or ice, inappropriate footwear, and general obstructions in walkways such as trailing cables, pipes and air hoses. 5. Outline how slips and trip hazards in the workplace might be controlled. Control measures such as highlighting changes in level with hazard warning strips, providing good lighting, introducing procedures for reporting defects and for spillages, gritting oil and icy surfaces, using non slip flooring and ensuring high standards of housekeeping to keep floors free of obstruction. 6. Outline the possible causes of a forklift overturning Driving too fast Sudden breaking Driving on slopes. Driving on debris Under-inflated tires. Driving over holes in floor, such as drains. Driving with load elevated. Overloading — exceeding maximum capacity. Collisions with buildings or other vehicles. Incorrect choice of forklift for the job. 7. Outline the conditions and environments in which a vehicle accident may occur. Inadequate lighting Inadequate direction signs Inadequate signs or signals to identify the presence of vehicles. Drivers unfamiliar with site. Need to reverse. Poor visibility e.g. sharp bends mirror / windscreen misted up. Poor identification of fixed objects e.g. overhead pipes, door ways, storage tanks, corners of buildings. Lack of separation of pedestrians and vehicles. Lack of safe crossing pints on roads and vehicle routes. Pedestrians using doors provided for sole vehicle use nebosh IGC 2 Question and answer Page 20t 2710. + Lack of barriers to prevent pedestrians suddenly stepping from an exit/entrance into a vehicle's path. Poor maintenance of vehicles e.g. tiers or brakes Excessive speed of vehicles. Lack of vehicle management e.g. use of traffic control, ‘signaler’. Environmental conditions e.g. poor lighting, rain, snow or ice. What are the factors that to be taken into account when planning traffic routes for internal transport. The purpose of the route, the types of vehicle using the routes. The likely volume of traffic, the layout of the area The possible need for one-way systems. Speed limits. Markings Crossing points and signs The importance of separating pedestrians and vehicles possibly by the use of physical barriers. * Suitability of floors as well as environmental issues such as lighting levels and ventilation when diesel-powered transport is to be used inside a building. Identity eight rules to follow when a fork-lift is left unattended during a drivers work break. ‘There are a number of precautions that a driver must follow when leaving his/her forklift truck unattended. The first one relates to leaving the forklift truck on a firm level surface, in a designated area, to ensure that it cannot roll away. The truck must not be left in a position where it could obstruct the emergency exits, walkways or fire points, and must be parked away from other vehicles. ‘The truck should be left with the mast tilted slightly forward and forks resting ‘on the floor to make sure that it is stable and not likely to overturn. The truck must not be left until the break has been applied and the power switched off. Where a start key is used, the key must be removed and retumed it to a responsible person, as appropriate. This will prevent the unauthorized use of the truck. Outline the precautions to be taken when using a mobile elevating work platform (MEWP) to reach a high point such as a streetlight. The need to inspect the equipment before use and to ensure it is in good state of repair. Using only competent workers nebosh IGC 2 Qvestion and answer Page Sot 27