News1:

The news is about Olympic gold medal gymnast McKayla Maroney was the

first to publicly reveal the abuse, in a tweet in October 2017. She revealed that

she had been sexually abused by team doctor Larry Nassar .It was the first time

she met Nassar in the U.S. national training center. Nassar who is an osteopath

that abused Maroney under the pretext of medical care, like saying the

procedures would ease pain her to relieve and would help to continue training.

And the abuse happened every time she saw him after that, even during the

2012 Olympic Games until she left gymnastics in 2016.

In addition, USA Gymnastics says the first time it learned of abuse allegations

was in June 2015, from a coach who overheard a conversation between two

gymnasts. The organization said it moved quickly to hire an expert to interview

Maroney and two other athletes and then alerted the FBI weeks later.

Since the accusations against Nassar were revealed, artha and Bela Karolyi

who are the coaches of U.S. women’s gymnastics spoke publicly for the first

time, said they were not aware of Nassar’s abuse, and were saddened to learn

of his behavior. Also Karolyis have been named in several lawsuits related to

Nassar’s abuse. Nassar is currently serving 175 years in prison on state charges

of criminal sexual activity and federal charges of child pornography.

Risk:

According to the article, McKayla Maroney suffered hundreds of time of

sexual abuses from former Olympic doctors before she finally quit competitive

gymnastics. The doctor was very easy to get along with Maroney, like there

were two Olympians and a trainer beside her, the doctor easy to disperse them

one by one, and they had not doubt with him. So the doctor can abuse his

patients with ungloved hands under the guise of medical treatment. Moreover,
USA Gymnastics had ethical responsibility, because Maroney was neglect

when under their supervision. They do not take reasonable protective measures

reduce the risk of children expose to abuse during and after their program.

Risk Management:

According to the article, there are several problems that can be avoided. First of

all, we can regularly report back on doctor's work through the athletes, like

checking the work attitude, whether he or she gets some discomfort to athletes.

If yes, we can follow the example of the Hong Kong government, people need

to require an background check when servicing the minors and hire a new

doctor. It can reduce the risk of children expose to abuse during and after the

program because children are lack of physical, mental and emotional maturity

to protect them when facing abuse from adult.

In addition, there must be a person around you when you seeing a doctor. For

example, Nassar always abused Maroney without anyone else, he did not need

to guard against other people, just abused the athletes with impunity. If

Maroney ask a friend to accompany her, or USA Gymnastics sets a rule that

there must be a nurse to monitor the process. It can make him stand on scruple,

can't abuse athletes and avoid children being neglect when under their

supervision.

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/mckayla-maroney-says-larry-nassar-

molested-her-hundreds-times-n866926
News2:

The news is about Olympic champion Kristina Vogel suffers serious spine

injury. Vogel has been seriously injured after crashing in training in the eastern

city of Cottbus in June 2018. It is told by the insiders that Vogel had been

training with Pauline Grabosch, and that she accelerated when Grabosch left

the track, and then she suffered serious spinal injuries after colliding with a

rider before landing on the concrete track. As a result, the crash caused her to

squat down from the waist. In addition, Vogel was training for the German

Grand Prix, which was due to take place in Cottbus on Friday and Saturday. In

case, it could be canceled. It is not the first serious injury of Vogel's career.

Nine years ago, she was hit by a vehicle while training on the road and was in

an induced coma for two days, suffering a broken vertebrae, broken jaw and

fractures to her arm and hands. After surgery, she knew that her days as a

pedestrian were over and she never was that angry person before because she

stills love her life, just change the way she acts, she wants to do a lot of things

in her wheelchair, like a possible career in disabled sports. She claims 11 world

championship titles and three Olympic medals in the sprint events before this

injury.

Risk:

According to the article, Vogel suffers serious spine injury. Injury means

always occur by accident and it can also be caused illness. In the incident, the

impact severed her spinal cord at the seventh thoracic vertebrae and became a

paraplegic ever since, it is an important problem which could be a reason for

Vogel to retire from the sport, because she had lost the use of her legs and

cannot join the competition.

Risk Management:

First of all, there are several problems that can be avoided. For example, there

is the big problem for the coach. He did not take reasonable protective

measures to reduce the risk of athlete expose to injury during the training, like

checking the surroundings that nothing might put athlete at risk of harm. In the

news, the coach need to report the track situation, and rebuild the track with

wood when the velodrome using concrete to make the track. Because it is not

suitable for people who riding at nearly 60 kilometres per hour and reduce the

level of injury under for fast driving.

In addition to avoid such injury, we can assign the athletes to the different

division or level for training. For example, we arranged the junior rider to

practice at six o'clock, and then practicing for the Olympic athletes at 8 o'clock.

It avoids the situation that the level of the gap is too big. Athletes need to

accommodate beginners, unable to focus on practice or improve deficiencies,

and influence the quality of training.

https://www.sbs.com.au/news/german-cyclist-vogel-suffers-spinal-injury
News3:

The news is about the Former world number one Maria Sharapova failed a

drugs test at the Australian Open in 2016 .On 26 January, the day she lost to

world number one Serena Williams in the quarter-finals of the Australian Open

in Melbourne, Sharapova provided the anti-doping sample in question to The

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Finally it returned a positive for

Meldonium and she was subsequently charged on 2 March.

Meldonium made in Latvia without prescription and at low cost. It is widely

available in many east European countries, but it is not licensed in most

western countries, including the United States. It is meant for angina patients

but it also helps athletes' endurance and ability to recover from big efforts. It is

thought that hundreds of athletes have been using it and there are a lot more

cases in the pipeline. It is thought that hundreds of athletes have been using it

and there are a lot more cases in the pipeline. Now, it is on the banned list on 1

January and WADA had sent Sharapova an email in 22 December 2015

informing her of changes to the banned list, but she had failed to review the

detail. Finally she has been handed a two-year ban after failing a drugs test.

Risk:

According to the article, Sharapova’s medication habit was putting health at

risk. Because Meldonium has side effects, like tachycardia that a

faster-than-normal heart rate, also the body may have an allergic reaction to

some drugs, causing itchy red spots on the skin, nasal congestion or scratchy

throat, Severe reactions may difficulty breathing, dizziness and

unconsciousness. Moreover, the medication may stimulate the protective lining

of the digestive system, and then the stomach acid breaks down the lining,

leading to irritation and inflammation.

Risk Management:

As an athlete, we should pay attention to the latest information about the

related sport, like checking the email of The World Anti-Doping Agency send

to you, check if there is a list of updated drugs. If yes, we need to report

relevant information to WADA, describe the reason why we use the medical

and the dosage. WADA may give a lesser punishment or a mitigated

punishment based on I take the initiative to make the drug reports. So the

people can maintain a positive image to the public, and will not affect the

sports career.

Moreover, the drug should not be used for other purposes than medical use.

Sharapova can apply for a retroactive therapeutic use exemption (TUE) if

having a medical condition to require. According to WADA, a TUE allows a

player to use a banned substance, without committing an anti-doping rule

violation. All athletes should respect for sport spirit, competing in a fair and

just environment. Don't use the drugs to win the competition, it is illegal and

shameful, leading to imprisonment and ruin the image.

https://www.bbc.com/sport/tennis/35750285