Summary of organic chemistry

 Alkanes
 Alkenes
 Halogen Alkanes/Alkyl Halides
 Alcohols
 Aldehydes
 Ketones
 Carboxylic acids
 Esters

TERMINOLOGIES
1. Electrophiles
2. Nucleophiles
3. Transition State
4. Intermediate
ALKANES
PREPARATION
 Cracking
 Thermal
 Catalytic
 Hydrogenation of alkene
REACTIONS
 Combustion
 Complete combustion
 Incomplete combustion
 Free radical Substitution Reaction Halogens/halogenation
ALKENES
PREPARATION
 Cracking
 Dehydrogenation Of alkanes
 Dehydration of alcohols
 Dehydrohalogenation from Halogen Alkanes
REACTIONS
 Combustion
 Addition reactions (Electrophilic addition)
 Hydrogen (Hydrogenation)
 Steam (Hydration)
 Hydrogen Halides (Hydro-Halogenation)
 Halogens (Halogenation)
HALOGEN ALKANES/ALKYL HALIDES
PREPARATION
 Free radical substitution of alkanes with halogens
 Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes
 Nucleophilic substitution of alcohol with PX5/PX3/SOX2 (X could be any halogen)
 Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes
REACTIONS
 Nucleophilc substitution reactions
 SN1
 SN2
 Hydrolysis
 Reaction with KCN/NaCN
 Elimination reactions (Dehydrohalogentaion)
NITRILES
Reactions of nitriles
 Reduction
 Hydrolysis
 Acidic Hydrolysis
 Basic Hydrolysis
 Reaction with Ammonia
ALCOHOLS
PREPARATION
 Electrophilic addition of steam to alkenes
  Hydrolysis of alkyl Halides
 Mild oxidation of alkenes
 Reduction of aldehydes
 Reduction Of ketones
 Reduction of carboxylic acids
 Fermentation
REACTIONS
 Reaction with Na metal
 Nucleophilic substitution/ of alcohol with PX5/PX3/SOX2 (X could be any halogen)
 Oxidation of alcohols
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary
 Combustion
ALDEHYDES
PREPARATION
 Mild oxidation of Primary Alcohols
REACTIONS
 Nucleophilc addition of cyanide Ion (formation of Cyanohydrin)
 Reduction
KETONES
PREPARATION
 Oxidation of secondary Alcohols
REACTIONS
 Nucleophilc addition of cyanide Ion (formation of Cyanohydrin)
 Reduction
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
PREPARATION
 Oxidation of aldehyde
 Full oxidation of primary alcohols
 Acidic hydrolysis of nitriles
REACTIONS
 Combustion
 Reduction of Carboxylic acids
 Formation of esters
 Reaction with bases
 Reaction with reactive metals
 Reaction with carbonates
 Formation of acyl chlorides (A2)
ESTERS
PREPARATION
 Reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid
REACTIONS
 Acidic Hydrolysis
 Basic hydrolysis