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    9 views14 pages

    1967 - Howard - Drainage Analysis in Geologic Interpretation PDF

    Uploaded by

    PanduBudikusuma

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS BU |ALYSIS IN GEOLOGIC INTERPRET: ARTHUR DAVID HOWARD* anford, California 94305, TION A SUMMATION ABSTRACT Drainage analysis is useful in structural interpretation, particularly Analysis includes consideration of drainage patterns, drainage texture, and drainage anomalies. Drainage patterns generally are subdivided into basic and modified basic. To these might be ‘added pattern varieties. A basic pattern is one whose gross characteristics readily distinguish it from other basic patterns. Modified basic patterns differ from the type patterns in some fairly obvious regional aspect as, for example, a tendency toward parallelism of the larger tributaries in a dendritic pattern. Thus many modified patterns are transitional in character between basic patterns, and the naming of such patterns may be a matter of judgment, Pattern varieties are characterized by internal details, commonly obscure. In a broad sense, the basic patterns, the modified basic patterns, and the pattern varieties are analogous to the genera, species, and varieties of the zoological classification ‘A complex pattern consists of two coniemporaneouis patterns adjacent to each other; a compound pattern consists of two unlike superimposed patterns. ‘The palimpsest pattern consists of two super imposed patterns, but one is a paleopattern. Drainage texture depends on variety of factors. In any one small area where all other factors are constant, drainage texture may provide information on underlying materials and indirectly on structure, Individual stream patterns may display characteristics similar to those of the gross drainage pattern and may be referred to by the same name. Thus individual patterns may be referred to by such terms as rectangular, angulate, or contorted, Other stream patterns include irregular, rectilinear meandering, braided, misfit, and beaded Drainage anomalies are local deviations fom drainage and stream patterns which elsewhere accord with the known regional geology and/or topography. The expectable pattern is regarded as the norm; the anomalies indicate departures from the regional geologic or Lopozraphic controls, Analysis of drainage anomalies has revealed struciural dara in some flat where other methods of investigation have been unsatisfactory in areas of low relief. individual stream patterns. Tsrropucrion Druiwace ParreRNs Drainage analysis is an important tool in pho- togeologic interpretation, particularly in areas of A drainage pattern is she lesign formed by the low relief. It may provide clues to inactive struc- tural features exposed at the surface, to structur al features currently rising, and, possibly, to bur- ied structural features. The density of drainage may provide information on permeability and texture of materials, and may infer the identity of materials. The characteristics and significance of drainage patterns, drainage texture, individual stream patterns, and drainage anomalies are con- sidered here, Techniques involving grid sampling and the use of digital computers eventually may result in the application of numerical values to drainage pat- tems (Merriam and Sneath 1966). It is too early, however, to speculate on the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure. * Manuscript received, June 25, 1966; accepted, Feb- ruary 3, 1967, Geology Department, Stanford University. The writer is indebted to Chester R. Longwell and Stanley N. Davis for review of the manuscript, but only he is, responsible for its content. aggregate of drainazeways in an area regardless of whether ss eupied by permanent A stevam pattern is the design formed rainageway sic and maditied basic drainage pat- Zernitz, 1932). Tn ad- are drainage varieties. A pattern js one whose gross. characteristics readily distinguish it frum other basic patterns. A modified basie pattern differs from the type basic pattern in some revional aspect as, for example. the close spacing »°

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