Preface This Instructors’ Manual provides solutions to most of the problems in ANTENNAS: FOR ALL APPLICATIONS, THIRD EDITION. All problems are solved for which answers appear in Appendix F of the text, and in addition, solutions are given for a large fiaction of the other problems. Including multiple parts, there are 600 problems in the text and solutions are presented here for the majority of them. Many of the problem titles are supplemented by key words or phrases alluding to the solution procedure. Answers are indicated. Many tips on solutions are included which can be passed on to students. Although an objective of problem solving is to obtain an answer, we have endeavored to also provide insights as to how many of the problems are related to engineering situations in the real world. The Manual inchudes an index to assist in finding problems by topic or principle and to facilitate finding closely-related problems. This Manual was prepared with the assistance of Dr. Erich Pacht. Professor John D. Kraus Dept. of Electrical Engineering Ohio State University 2015 Neil Ave Columbus, Ohio 43210 Dr. Ronald J. Marhefka Senior Research Scientist/Adjunet Professor The Ohio State University Electroscience Laboratory 1320 Kinnear Road Columbus, Ohio 43212 iiiPreface ii Table of Contents Problem Solutions: Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Chapter 7. Chapter 8. Chapter 8. Chapter 9. Chapter 10. Chapter I] Chapter 12. Chapter 13. Chapter 14. Chapter 15. Chapter 16. Chapter 17. Chapter 18. Chapter 19. Chapter 21 Chapter 23. Chapter 24. Index 153 Antenna Basics The Antenna Family. Point Sources Arrays of Point Sources, Part I Arrays of Point Sources, Part II The Electric Dipole and Thin Linear Antennas. The Loop Antenna, End-Fire Antennas: The Helical Beam Antenna and the Yagi-Uda Array, Part I The Helical Antenna: Axial and Other Modes, Part II Slot, Patch and Hom Antennas Flat Sheet, Comer and Parabolic Reflector Antennas. Broadband and Frequency-Independent Antennas Antenna Temperature, Remote Sensing and Radar Cross Section. Self and Mutual Impedances The Cylindrical Antenna and the Moment Method (MM) The Fourier Transform Relation Between Aperture Distribution and Far-Field Pattem. Arrays of Dipoles and of Aperture Lens Antennas Frequeney-Selective Surfaces and Periodic Structures By Ben A. Munk Practical Design Considerations of Large Aperture Antennas Antennas for Special Applications Baluns, ete, By Ben A. Munk Antenna Measurements. By Arto Lehto and Pertti Vainikainen 7 19 23 29 35, aT 53 55 37 65 15, 81 103 105 107 109 121 125 127 135, 143 a7Chapter 2. Antenna Basics 2-7-4. Directivity. Show that the directivity D of an antenna may be written Solution: UCP) om = SOP”, Uy =— If, U@.da an , oe 10.9)= 80.0", s(0,9)= 2 OPEC) Therefore Note that r? = area/steradian, so U = Sr? or (watts/steradian) = (watts/meter’) x meter? 2-7-2. Approximate directivities. Calculate the approximate directivity from the half-power beam widths of a unidirectional antenna if the normalized power pattem is given by: (a) P, = cos & (b) P, = cos” 8, (©) P, = cos’ @, and (d) P, = cos" @. In all cases these patterns are unidirectional irection) with P, having a value only for zenith angles 0° < @< 90° and P, = 0 for 90° < @< 180°. The patterns are independent of the azimuth angle ¢. Solution: @ 4 =2cos"'(0.5) =2 x 60" =120°, Gan 28 ans) (©) Gp = 2e08""(0.5) = 2% 45° = 90°, p= 000 4.94 (ans) (90)*