Photo Electric Effect Photon theory According to Planck's quantum theory, light consists of photonsas energy packets having following properties (Each photon is of energy E=hy ~he/a. Where h is Planck's constant. Where h~ 6.63 * 10 J-see~ 4.14 * 10" eV -see Gi) __Allphotonstravel in stright line with the speed of lightin vacuum, Gi) Photo (iv) Photons have zero rest mass. wreelectrically netural (v) Photons arenot deflected by electric and magnetic fields. (vi) The equivalent mas ofa photon while moving is given by (vil) Momentumof te photon p=Ele=hvle= hia. (vii) Numbe of photons of wavelength 2, emitted in t second fiom a lamp of power is, Pu “he Mlustration : Sol. Violet light (A =4000 A) of intensity 4 watt’m falls normally on a surface of area 10 cm * 20 em. Find (a) the energy recived by the surface per second. (b) the number of photons hitting the surface per second. (0) If surface is tilted such that plane of the surface makes an angle 30° with light beam, find the number of photons hitting the surface per second. (a) Energy received per second per unit area E=14 cos 0=4 x 0.02.5 * cos 0° = 0.08 J. (b) nh(/)=E 0.08% 4000x10-" 6.63x10 x 3x10" > one 32x10! =~ = 1.609 = 10! 19.89 ‘ IAcos60°xd () on he ab RIO" O55 x 10! 2° 19.89Pratice Exercise Q.1.__ Visible light has wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 780 am, Calculate the range of energy ofthe photons of visible light. rt ) Q.2 Calculate the number of photons emitted per second by a 10 W sodium vapour lamp. Assume that 60% of the consumed energy is converted into light. Wa length of sodium light ~ $90 nm. Answers QI 2.5610 F to 500% 10-5 Q2 177% 10" Radiation Pressure The electromagnet c wave transports not only energy but also momentum, and hencecan exert a radiation pressure ona surface due to the absorption and reflection of the momentum. Mlustration : A photon of wavelength 6630 A is incident on a totally reflecting surface.Find the momentum delivered by the photon Sol, The momentum of the incident radiation is given as P = When the light is totally reflected normal to the surface the direction of the ray is reversed. That ‘means it reverses the direction of ts momentum without changing its magnitude. = Change in momentum has a magnitude 2h AP = 2p = 2(2.63x10 J (6630%10 %m) -sec) = 2x10 kem/s Mlustration : A parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength 2.is incident normally on a surface. The intensity of the beam is 1. Find the force exeried by the light beam on the surface if surface is @ perfectly reflecting (ii) perfectly absorbing Sol. Energy incident per unit time = IA 4 Momentum incident per unit time = Copied to clipboard.2IA () momentum transported to the wall per unit time = 2A LF= 2 + pressure = IA (ji) momentum transported to the wall per unit time = IA I + pressure =~ Pratice Exercise Q.1 A100 Wight bulb is placed at the centre of a spherical chamber of radius 20 em, Assume that 60% of the energy supplied o the bulb is converted into light and that the surface of the chamber is perfectly absorbing, Find the pressure exerted by the lighton the surface of the chamber. Q2 A totally reflecting, small plane mirror placed horizontally faces ; parallel beam of light as shown in the figure. The mass of the LL mirroris 20 g. Assume that there isno absorption in the lens and that 30% of he lightemitted by the source goes through the lens, Find the power of the source needed to support the weight of the mirror, Take = 10 mvs?. Answers Ql 4.0« 107 Pa Q2 l0oMw