Dilatation, e

 The tensile force P causes an axial elongation of a and lateral contractions

of b and c in the x, y, and z directions respectively. Hence,

Initial
body

Initial volume of body, Vo = abc

Final volume, Vf = (a + a)(b - b)(c - c)
= abc(1 + )(1 - )2

59
Dilatation, e (cont.)

Expanding and neglecting higher orders of  (since  is very small),

Final volume, Vf = abc(1 +  - 2)

Change in volume,
V = Final Volume - Initial Volume
= abc(1 +  - 2 ) - abc
= abc(1 +  - 2  - 1)
= abc( - 2 )
= Vo (1 - 2 )
Hence,
V = Vo (1 - 2 )

Dilatation, V
e=   (1  2 )
Vo

 (1  2 )
E 60
Stress Strain Relationship (cont.)

• Modulus of elasticity, E is E
G
related to shear modulus, G. given
21  

• Dilatation (the change in

1  2
volume per unit volume or e x  y  z 
‘volumetric strain’, e. E
Not
given
• Bulk Modulus (volume E
k
modulus of elasticity), k. 31  2 