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    10 views115 pages

    Solucion Leithold 3 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jonnathan Coronel

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 115
    THREE BEHAVIOR OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS, EXTREME FUNCTION VALUES, AND APPROXIMATIONS 8.1 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PUNCTION VALUES {LLL Definition "The function Jie said to have a reletiee marimumwafee at «if there existe aa open in ontatning con which fis defined, such that f(e) > f(c) forall z in this interval. 4uL-2 Definition The function fis said to have a relate misimame valve at cif there exists an open inte containing oy 00 which fie defined, such that f(c) < f(z forall = in this interval. If the fasetion f hos either © selaixe maximum or a relative minimum value at hem {eat to have a relies entromem at 6 3.1.3 Theorem If f(z) exiss forall values of z in the open interval (a4), and if J has a zlative extremum cwhere ace <4, then if P(e) exists, /(e)=0. SA1A Definition If ¢ ism number in the domain of the funtion f, and if either #"(2)=0 or #0) dow fxs, then ¢ is called critical member of f ‘We conclude that a necemary (out sot sufiient) conditin for a foxction to have relative exttemum at is fore to bea critical number. 3.15 Definition The function f i said to have an absolute masimum value on on interoat if there Is ruber e inthe intereal such that f(c) > f(z) forall» in the interval. In such o case fe) the absolute masimum valve of J on the interval ‘3:46 Defnition The Lincten f is oaid to Save an abiolute minimum value on an interuat if there is number ¢in Che interval such that f(c)< f(z) forall = in the interval In such 2 case J(e) the aiwolute :isimum value of fon the interval “An adsolse coiremam ofa function f on an interval Tis either an absolute max value or an nbslute misimusn volte of f-an 1 (1 f has an abeclte extremum on T, then “Absolnte extrem rust ovtur ether al a tial number ef fot at an endpoint of Ti Not cloned interval ar 7 i» not eontienous on I, then f may aot have an absohte ext fon 1 To show that f has no absotte maximum on I, we show that for seme ¢ i Giine! ig f(e)= roo Him. fla) =a bat f(e)< 4 fm b where the Timits may be sed. To show that f has no absolute misimum on I, we show that for some c in 1 ei Jim J(=) = 20 or Jim fle) = but fle) >€ on 3.1 Rxtreme- If the fonetion fis consinuoes on the cloved interval [2,6], thes fas an ‘Value ‘Thontem maximum value and an absslute minimum value on [8 "The following steps can be used to Sind the ebsole exirema of f on (00) i continuous om [8] 1 Find each number ¢ in (08) such that #2) =O oF (6) does not exist 2 Fine the function value f(@) foreach number ¢ f step 1. 3 Pind the function valves f(a) ard (2). 4AThe largo of the values from steps 2 an 3 isthe absolute maximum value and smallest of the vals frm steps 2 and 3 isthe abeslote minimum valve of J on ‘loved interval 6) Include in step 1 any poists such as the break points of » defiaition in pieces, where might not exist. I is easer to evaluate f(c) than to prove that J") dose not exist 3.1 MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM FUNCTION VALVES 161 3a 18, (a) plot the function and estimate the critical numbers. (ls) Calculate the eritical numbers. 2472 — Be; f'(e) = 82? + Me —5 = 2 — Ihe +8) ‘and = —5, Thus} and —5 are the critical aumbers of f. lez +1; oz) = 62" — 4216 = 2(52* 228) = 1004.4)(2—2) 4 and >= 2, Thus ~$, 2 ate the critical numbers of 9 (2) = Bal! — a9! = Ge 45(2—2), (0) doce not exist and 0 is in the domain of Thus D and 2 are the exitical numbers of 9. Ty gA/O_ 4,109 domain of f is (~30,+00)e Sie)! 29 > A plot of fis shown at the right. ort +42~3) - Se 3e £'(0) does not exist nnd 0 is in the domain of f, by Definition Disa critical number of J. If f"(2) = 0, then O=(72-4\e +1); } oor 6 FG) =0, #'{1) =D, and because $ and ~1 arein the domain of f, by Definition 21.4, 8 and —1 are critical numbers of f. y= pL = SL ay Neier 14) noe J) dened. The domain of Fis (alee #1 = Sha Se Hd) 1 (24 1)(2e~5) _ 2? 5244~ (25435) 2? pe yg (aor +4) ies aye (oF )=0 when -s?—2249=0)27422-9=0;2=-12. 0 1+ 10 ane ~1— s/f ate the erites! numbers of f that #'(z} is undefined when 2?— 52444 =0. However, the only solutions of this equation are 1 and 4, bers which are not in the domain of f, Therefore, neither 1 nor 4 is a critieal number of f- 2¢=0, c= £$.arenpt in the domain of f. Hence they will not be in the domain of f" but will not be 2 nie, 1") = ME aM OBIE Deh eae 2 nantes (¢) = Gan ayh 7 P@)=O when 258 + 18218 924 9= 0; 2 =H9+ 95). Theretore, 19+ 3%) and (9-3/5) are the critical numbers of f. )= (2-242 + 1 G2) = se — 2 e +1) + 2-2) 4-0) = @- 2+ 1)Gr—1) when £= 2, 2=—1, and ef Thun the eitical numbers of G are 2, =1, and 3. (64+ 2P@-27 © A plot of F is shown at the right. domain of F is (~00, +00). Because (2—r)? = (2—2)¢, F(a) = (2 45)%2—2)? tinting, we have Pq) = (245)°D (2 =2)? 4 (2—2)'D,(e 45) (= +5)(2\(2—2) + (e-2)*(3)(2 +5) fe +5 (e— 2Ce + 5Y2) + (2 -243)) = (+5) =2)52 +4) ») is defined at every real number. If F*(0) =, then either z = —5, ss in in the domain of F, we conelade that —5, 2, and —4 are the critical numbers of Fs $-14, (3) Calculate the critical numbers, Check by ploting (b) f5 and (¢) NDER(f() 2) ) = +113 + 34? + 152. f"(z) = do” + 530? 46824 13 = (2-45) (2 + Mle +3). G)=Owhen 2=—5, 2= —2, and 2 = ~3. Thus ~5, -} 3 are the ertical numbers of f a 7 162. SELLAVIOR OF FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GRAPHS, EXTREME FUNCTION VALUES, AND APPROXINATIONS Me49)—(24 9] =Ae-Nle+ Nie +3) 3. Thus 1y 1-9 ace the eriial mambors of f nf) = f(t) YP — 9-20). 1-2) and J"(2) do not exist and ~2 and 2 ae in the domain J F(@ =O when t =O. Thos ~2, 2, 0 are the critical numbes of j. 12, sw) =(wh-au+ 4)! >The demain off i (~20,-+20)- Plots of f and NDER(/) ate shoven below Sw) = Ku? — 38 44)? (80? — bu) - es (A344 = ten?) wo) -2yP* way ho—as “The factored form of the denominator w"—3u?+4 vas feand by tral and error usiag synthetic divs Because fw) ie nat defined at —1 and at 2, both —1 and 2 are enitical numbers of f. Beeause f"(0) = 0, ie alio a etic umber of J. 4254, 71s detined when J i defied and fe) = 0h (@-2)? P4420; £2y2 Hence the critical numbers of f are 2+ 2/3 and 2— V3. ARE, gy BEEBE DI APES AEST ated te Fd Hite) =0 when

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