MÉTODO DE RIGIDEZ

Ejercicio Nº 1: Determinar las reacciones y los diagramas finales de esfuerzos de la siguiente

viga contínua sometida a las cargas exteriores indicadas.
E = 3.5 ⋅106 tn m 2
q = 2 tn/m
b = 0.25 m ⎫
⎬
h = 0.60 m ⎭
1 A 2 B 3
I = bh3 12 = 0.0045 m 4
x 5m 5m EI = 15750 tn.m 2

Resolución analítica (sólo introductorio: Método de rigidez a partir de pag. 3)

Convención de signos

y (+) θ (+) κ (+) Q (+) q (+)

P (+) M (+) Mf (+)

Solución analítica por tramos

q( x) 4 q( x)
yA ( x) = C0 + C1 ⋅ x + C2 ⋅ x 2 + C3 ⋅ x 3 + ⋅x → = 5.291⋅10−6
24 EI 24 EI
yB ( x) = D0 + D1 ⋅ x + D2 ⋅ x 2 + D3 ⋅ x 3
En nudo 1
1) yA (0) = C0 = 0 ⇒ C0 = 0
2) y ''A (0) ⋅ EI = 2 ⋅ C2 ⋅ EI = 0 ⇒ C2 = 0

En nudo 2
3) yA (5) = 5 ⋅ C1 + 53 ⋅ C3 − 54 ⋅ 5.291⋅10−6 = 0
4) yB (5) = D0 + 5 ⋅ D1 + 52 ⋅ D2 + 53 ⋅ D3 = 0
5) y 'A (5) = y 'B (5) ⇒ C1 + 3 ⋅ 52 ⋅ C3 − 4 ⋅ 53 ⋅ 5.291⋅10−6 = D1 + 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ D2 + 3 ⋅ 52 ⋅ D3
6) y ''A (5) = y ''B (5) ⇒ 6 ⋅ 5 ⋅ C3 − 12 ⋅ 52 ⋅ 5.291⋅10−6 = 2 ⋅ D2 + 6 ⋅ 5 ⋅ D3
En nudo 3
7) yB (10) = D0 + 10 ⋅ D1 + 102 ⋅ D2 + 103 ⋅ D3 = 0
8) y 'B (10) = D1 + 2 ⋅10 ⋅ D2 + 3 ⋅102 ⋅ D3 = 0
Obtención de constantes de integración faltantes
⎡ 5 125 0 0 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ C1 ⎤ ⎡3.307 ⋅10−3 ⎤ ⎡ C1 ⎤ ⎡ −4.724 ⋅10−4 ⎤
⎢ 0 0 1 5 25 125 ⎥ ⎢ C ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢C ⎥ ⎢ −5 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 3⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 3 ⎥ ⎢ 4.535 ⋅10 ⎥
⎢
⎢1 75 0 −1 −10 −75 ⎥ ⎢ D0 ⎥ 2.646 ⋅10 −3 ⎥
⎢ D0 ⎥ ⎢ −5.669 ⋅10−3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥⋅⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ −3 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥=⎢ −3 ⎥
⎢ 0 30 0 0 −2 −30 ⎥ ⎢ D1 ⎥ ⎢1.587 ⋅10 ⎥ ⎢ D1 ⎥ ⎢ 2.268 ⋅10 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 1 10 100 1000 ⎥ ⎢ D2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ D2 ⎥ ⎢ −2.834 ⋅10−4 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 0 0 1 20 300 ⎦ ⎣⎢ D3 ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ 0 ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ D3 ⎥⎦ ⎣⎢ 1.134 ⋅10−5 ⎦⎥
1
 Expresiones analíticas de la viga contínua
yA ( x) = −4.724 ⋅10−4 ⋅ x + 4.535 ⋅10−5 ⋅ x 3 − 5.291 ⋅10−6 ⋅ x 4
θ A ( x) = −4.724 ⋅10−4 + 1.361⋅10−4 ⋅ x 2 − 2.116 ⋅10−5 ⋅ x3
M Af ( x) = 4.286 ⋅ x − x 2
QA ( x) = 4.286 − 2 ⋅ x

yB ( x) = −5.669 ⋅10−3 + 2.268 ⋅10−3 ⋅ x − 2.834 ⋅10−4 x 2 + 1.134 ⋅10−5 ⋅ x 3

θ B ( x) = 2.268 ⋅10−3 − 5.669 ⋅10−4 x + 3.401 ⋅10−5 ⋅ x 2
M Bf ( x) = −8.929 + 1.071⋅ x
QB ( x) = 1.071
Reacciones
q = 2 tn/m

1 2 3 1.786 tn.m
A B

4.286 tn 6.786 tn 1.071 tn

Giros en nudos: θ1 = −4.724 ⋅10−4 rad ; θ 2 = 2.834 ⋅10−4 rad

-4 -4
x 10 x 10
3 4

2 3
1 2
0
Desplazamientos [m]

1
-1
Giros [rad]

0
-2
-1
-3
-2
-4
-3
-5

-6 -4

-7 -5
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Distancia [m] Distancia [m]

ymin = −6.830·10−4 m (x = 2.335) θmin = −4.724·10−4 rad (x = 0.000)

ymax = 2.100·10−4 m (x = 6.667) θmax = 3.606·10−4 rad (x = 4.286)
-4 6

-3
4
-2
Momento Flector [tn.m]

-1 2
Corte [tn]

0
0
1

2 -2

3
Eje de ordenadas invertido!!! -4
4

5 -6
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 2 4 6 8 10
Distancia [m] Distancia [m]

Mmin = −3.571 tn.m (x = 5.000) Qmin = −5.715 tn (x = 5.000)

Mmax = 4.592 tn.m (x = 2.143) Qmax = 4.286 tn (x = 0.000)
2
Resolución por Método de Rigidez

12 ⋅ EI tn 6 ⋅ EI 4 ⋅ EI
K1 = 3
= 1512 ; K2 = = 3780 tn ; K3 = = 12600 tn.m
L m L2 L

Matriz de rigidez elemental (Barras “A” y “B” – coinciden al tener la misma luz)
⎡ K1 K2 − K1 K 2 ⎤ ⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 ⎤
⎢K K3 −K2 K3 2⎥ ⎥ ⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥⎥
K A = KB = ⎢ 2 = ⎢
⎢ − K1 −K2 K1 − K 2 ⎥ ⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ K2 K3 2 − K 2 K 3 ⎦ ⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦

Estado “I” (sólo barra “A”)

q = 2 tn/m
2
qL qL2
= 4.167 tn.m = 4.167 tn.m
12 12
1 2
qL qL
= 5 tn = 5 tn
2 2

4.167 Mf 4.167 5 Q

2.084
5
Estado “II”
1 2 3
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ u1 ⎤ ⎡ −5 ⎤
1 ⎢ ⎥⎢ θ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 0 0 ⎥⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢ −4.167 ⎥
⎢−1512 −3780 3024 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
0 −1512 3780 ⎥ ⎢ u2 ⎥ = ⎢ −5 ⎥
⎥
2 ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 6300 0 25200 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ θ2 ⎥ ⎢ 4.167 ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
0 0 −1512 −3780 1512 −3780⎥ ⎢ u3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
3 ⎢
⎢⎣ 0 0 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ θ3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎦ ⎣ ⎦

⎡θ1 ⎤ ⎡ −4.724 ⋅10−4 ⎤

⎢θ ⎥ = ⎢ −4 ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2.834 ⋅10 ⎦

Barra “A”
1 2
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512
3780 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ −0.714 ⎤
1 ⎢
3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ −4.724 ⋅10 ⎥ ⎢⎢ −4.167 ⎥⎥
⎥ ⎢ −4 ⎥

PA = K A ⋅ U A = ⎢ ⋅ =
⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0.714 ⎥
2 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦ ⎣ 2.834 ⋅10−4 ⎦ ⎣ 0.595 ⎦
3
 Barra “B”
2 3
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 1.071 ⎤
2 ⎢
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ 2.834 ⋅10 ⎥ ⎢⎢ 3.571 ⎥⎥
⎥ ⎢ −4 ⎥

PB = K B ⋅ U B = ⋅ =
⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ −1.071⎥
3 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ 1.785 ⎦

Mf
1.786

3.571
0.595

4.167
1.072 1.072
Q

0.714 0.714

Estado Final (Estado “I” + Estado “II”)

3.571

Mf 1.786

4.465

4.286
Q

1.072 1.072

5.714

4
Ejercicio Nº 2: Resolver el ejercicio anterior con variación térmica en barra “A”.

∆TS = −15º C ⎫ ⎛ ∆T + ∆TI ⎞

⎪ F =α ⎜ S ⎟ EA (comportamiento axial desacoplado)
∆TI = 0º C ⎪ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎬
α = 1.2 ⋅10 1 º C ⎪
−5
⎛ ∆T − ∆TI ⎞
M =α ⎜ S ⎟ EI = −4.725 tn.m
h = 0.60 m ⎪⎭ ⎝ h ⎠

Estado “I” (sólo barra “A”)

4.725 Mf 4.725
∆TS = −15º C
4.725 4.725
1 ∆TI = 0º C 2

Estado “II”

⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 0 0 ⎤ ⎡ u1 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤

⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ θ1 ⎥ ⎢ −4.725 ⎥
⎢ −1512 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
−3780 3024 0 −1512 3780 ⎥ ⎢ u2 ⎥=⎢ 0 ⎥
⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 6300 0 25200 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ θ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 4.725 ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ u3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ θ3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎦ ⎣ ⎦

⎡θ1 ⎤ ⎡ −5.357 ⋅10−4 ⎤

⎢θ ⎥ = ⎢ −4 ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 3.214 ⋅10 ⎦

Barra “A”
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ −0.810 ⎤
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ −5.357 ⋅10−4 ⎥ ⎢ −4.725⎥
PA = K A ⋅ U A = ⎢ ⎥⋅⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0.810 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ −4 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦ ⎣ 3.214 ⋅10 ⎦ ⎣ 0.675 ⎦

Barra “B”
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 1.215 ⎤
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢3.214 ⋅10−4 ⎥ ⎢ 4.050 ⎥
PB = K B ⋅ U B = ⎢ ⎥⋅⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ −1.215⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ 2.025 ⎦

Mf
2.025

4.050
0.675

4.725
5
 1.215 1.215
Q

0.810 0.810

Estado Final (Estado “I” + Estado “II”)

4.050

Mf 2.025

Q 1.215 1.215

0.810 0.810

Reacciones

1 2 3 2.025 tn.m
A B

0.810 tn 2.025 tn 1.215 tn

Ejercicio Nº 3: Resolver el ejercicio anterior con descenso de apoyo en nudo 2: u2 = −0.005 m

Estado “II” (único estado a resolver)

⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 0 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡0⎤

0
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ θ1 ⎥ ⎢⎢ 0 ⎥⎥
⎢ −1512 ⎢ ⎥
−3780 3024 0 −1512 3780 ⎥ ⎢ −0.005⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ =⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 6300 0 25200 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ θ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦

⎡ 1512 3780 3780 0 ⎤ 0

0 ⎡ −1512 ⎤ ⎡ −7.56 ⎤
⎢ ⎥⎡ ⎤
⎢ −3780 ⎥ ⎢ −18.9 ⎥
⎢ 3780 12600 6300 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ −1512 ⎢ θ1 ⎥ ⎢
−3780 0 −1512 3780 ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎥ = 0.005 ⎢ 3024 ⎥ = ⎢ 15.12 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ θ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3780 6300 25200 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ 0 ⎢ −1512 ⎥ ⎢ −7.56 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 0 6300 −3780 12600 ⎥⎦ ⎣ ⎣ 3780 ⎦ ⎢⎣ 18.9 ⎥⎦

6
 ⎡θ1 ⎤ ⎡ −1.714 ⋅10−3 ⎤
⎢θ ⎥ = ⎢ −4 ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 4.286 ⋅10 ⎦

Barra “A”
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 ⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡ 2.70 ⎤
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ −1.714 ⋅10−3 ⎥ ⎢ 0.00 ⎥
PA = K A ⋅ U A = ⎢ ⎥⋅⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ −0.005 ⎥ ⎢ −2.70 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ −4 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦ ⎣ 4.286 ⋅10 ⎦ ⎣13.50 ⎦

Barra “B”
⎡ 1512 3780 −1512 3780 ⎤ ⎡ −0.005 ⎤ ⎡ −5.94 ⎤
⎢ 3780 12600 −3780 6300 ⎥ ⎢ 4.286 ⋅10−4 ⎥ ⎢ −13.50 ⎥
PB = K B ⋅ U B = ⎢ ⎥⋅⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎢ −1512 −3780 1512 −3780 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ 5.94 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3780 6300 −3780 12600 ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ −16.20 ⎦

Estado Final (sólo Estado “II”)

Mf 16.20

13.50

2.70 2.70 Q

5.94 5.94

Reacciones

1 2 3 16.20 tn.m
A B

2.70 tn 8.64 tn 5.94 tn

NOTA: Obsérvese que un desplazamiento impuesto en una viga rígida como la analizada
produce importantes solicitaciones en comparación con las cargas exteriores.