5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 a5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 138 CHAPTER V TYPES AND PATTERNS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS Introduction. Difference between Settlement type and pattern. Classification of Settlement type and pattern. Factors affecting the types of Rural Settlements. Types of Rural Settlements. Nucleation and Dispersion of Settlements. Factors affecting nucleation of settlements. Factors affecting dispersion of settlements. Methodology. Study of Settlement types from topographical maps. Field observation. Quantitative methods. Lorenz curve. Site, situation and location. Settlement sites. Pattern of rural settlements.139 CHAPTER V TYPES AND PATTERNS OF RURAL SETTLEMENT 5.1 INTRODUCTION :- Upon a glance on the topography of the region we find that there are wide variations in types and patterns of settlements. Actually a settlement consists of two visible elements :- i. The man who is the dynamic one and he is wholly responsible for the construction of it. ii. The second element is the static forms of settlements. Generally the size, shape, form, layout, types and patterns ~ all these are elements of a settlement. The first element i.e. man is the subject matter of population geography and the form of houses, arrangements of street, lanes within it and settlement as a whole are important elements of settlement. The size, shape or layout elements are recognizable in relation to different types of settlements in existence with various degrees of variations on the’ basis of certain norms. These norms vary according to physical or cultural landscape i.e. small, big or amorphous size. So the terms assigned to three elements indicates relative meanings and connotations. Thus, the elements of settlement as a geographical terms used universally, convey various conceptual meanings and significance to a particular group of people living in various environments. ‘The types and patterns of settlement are intricately woven but visible, hence identifiable. Other attributes are distinguishable on comparison. 5.2 Difference Between Settlements Type and Pattern :- These two terms find place in geographical literature, particularly in rural settlement geography, conveying various meanings, sometimes as synonymous or140 interchangeable but as we go in detailed interpretation we find that these terms have different meanings and they are distinguishable from one another. Einch and Trewartha refer to two primary types of settlements viz. a. the isolated or dispersed and b. the nucleated or compact. Hudson says that the major patterns in rural areas are either nucleated or dispersed. Pattern of settlements has been defined by Emrys Jones, as the relationship between one house or building and another and to isolate this relationship he refers to a large scale map. He thinks that often pattern is unrelated (o site and site may have little or no bearing on pattern. But Finch and Trewartha attribute the contrasts in the arrangement of streets and houses i.e. patterns to the site as well as historical causes. Thus it is clear that — 1. Types of settlement refers to relationship of number of dwellings and number of sites 2. Pattern of settlement refers to geometric form and shape or how settlement looks like, which may be of different types. While we describe the type, intra — settlement analysis of inter — dwelling distance is considered and it clarifies the occupance of village territory on one or more than one sites. This provides the picture of nucleation or dispersion of settlements and hence it becomes a type. But when we refer to a certain form of settlement, which indicates a particular shape, a particular pattern gets a name according to geometrical attributes ie. square, rectangular, linear, elongated, ete. 5.3 Classification of Settlement Types and Patterns :- Classification of Types :- According to D.C. Money (Introduction to Human Geography) settlement types are classified as — 1, The single large nucleated village