FOURTEEN INTRODUCTION TO THE CALCULUS OF VECTOR FIELDS 141 VECTOR FIELDS 1414 There Suppose that Mand N ar fnton of. two yes any din on an pen ik Piles crin ad M, de cnn or hen he eer + Nzuii reste toto a pig M12 Tomwem Let HN tl be fanions of tee vais 2,9, and = ind on an open tll sir) i Rand M,. M,, Xp. Ny. Ry. and Ry ae continvows on B. Then the vector Persie mes on Bitton Myenee meen) Mae wat gos iB a eer ae Ee hic he een « mpi th te te slr 8 fusle a amduca esa Lapa oamerative IP hn vse fd te rn se ard hat P= th Bie cle 1 couetolne vor fd ud 6b poe evan Pe Aa ab = de ap Seeey ot Let Pea vector ld on some open ball in R? such that Fleas) = Me = Ryle) NyCo9) = Ryle) thew partial derivatives oxi Tn terms of vector, Theorems [1.2 become 14.1.5 Thentem Let Phe difecentable on an open ball Bin R®. Then P =0f ifand ony ical P= 0. esl F=0, thea F isaid to be rotational. other words, Fis ireational if and ony if is Divergence ‘The eivergnce of P, denoted by div , defied by div Fn BL BO fees pal deatioen ex ICP and G are vector felds then eari(P + G) =cut P-+ecel Gand div(+G) = div P+ div @ 14.15 Thewem Let G be difereniableon an open ball 8, Thea G =cut! Fi and ony diy G I div G0, then G issaid to be slenoel Ihde patria te ness nd by P= 452, + hen cut = wx =| 0/000 ® aE ee wy ey oh oh 4 2 vip = v-0f heh ‘Two Dimensions If F sa vector Sd on somecpen disk in 1 such at Flas) = Malt Nevolh 34a VECTOR FIELDS 921 Beercies U1 1m neice 1-6, show om + gue the reprecniations Paving Ital pola at (zy of the vectors fn the vector field. where xis ‘Elec #2and yis 31 or 22. Brae) =sind BP Gy) asia 3 Play = ty teh Sheva zghpite) Mayu > (Exercise 4) The table below lists the fazetion valve for Pat each ofthe given points. For each point (23) in the ules me uve (2g) ov the ini pit, mn net the gents representation of the seetor P29 Soe the figure. eo 1 2 a Bnei TH ad conservative vcore having ren pte anton The dred conservative vcore P=. Te ayy) m 82 + Oy8, Ploy) = Tay) = Bei + fae B. flay) = 224 -527y? +454 > ine ver fel Fhe adit off. Thay Teale I jass= (Oo loa i+ (ety 16985 Fey) = Thea) 9. flew tad aby + ay ty? Blass, ® FS the nue wer ete Plena) Silent fens ilesak= er Eemnit eS = Plein) tne Pte te Vile: con(e? — yi ~ = cos(z?— ylj+sin(x*— 9) Te 1B Heine) ste, Pla M4. slays) 2 in(e? py). Fle92 INTRODUCHON 70 THE ‘VLUS OF VECTOR. FIELDS 1h Baerdies 15-20, deteraine I the vector Feld & comservative. 18, Pla) = (927 ~ BF) (8 ~ key} = Mex vit Now Mz) = Ay, Nylz.a) = ty. Because My = Nj, Fis comervative 16 Play) = (e+ Oh (Pet 20h Let Ming)— eft Sng) ete Mew)=ce Nea) =e" ‘aatatee M29) = Ngleva) allows that Pb gradient, ated hone a conservative ve 2 sn(a + yl} = Mlew)l+ eal yeni 3) Nea) sey Beause M, £N,, Pie not conservative. 1B. Pleys2) = (Be + 2p b+ Des + ye) (Oey + 29? 22) = Mie, 2 la Rylew.2)= 2 nen pa Seda At oe MR = Mg HE Neg. at + Renee aoe = Risna=e, Rye) Rye (d.o.2). Homever, boeasse Mt. We have M.9.2)= Nl this no eonteeaive A Raley2) then Fis ant a gradient, aed cate stin ‘auch that F= Va. te Byer H-80, prove hat Ue ver fl ictnrative ad ad > Wemay prove that Fm comereative By exiting the potenti frei 2 Magl=nada ve wbocsiny ary He eo whee og) =fe? + 4. V6 whee a(e9) gi pala cen coe) Coney ce ay a 2 > Piscomsrvatve if and only if Piste grant of sme fonton , We lt avg) an ish stom yeah = Neg) =e yeah ~sa yoah in 94, 1M, (2,9) = cs y sah =~ ycosh 2 = Nl0.9) ence Fi the zadient of me Santi 4, Purtermae, we Iave @_{zsa) sin y sith 2 teas y cosh 2 0 Gp(ei9) = eet yeoth # sn ysinh = @ Integrating with resect tor on both ses of (1), me have oleiy) = say cosh 2+cory sah ely) o Patni dileresteting with eopert to yon beth sides of (3), ws have 2,(2,9) = eee yesh 2—sin ysiah 2+") 0 CConipasng (2) a (4) ee find ety) =0 ) ‘Substituting for e{y) ino (3), we obtain the equi potential eneton Hepa y cook 4000 y aah eC 25. Flay) = (dey yh 4 (ey aay? 424) = V6 where ey) =28F ay? 424C.