4A) countable ‘and uncountable nouns: a / an, some / any Countable and uncountable nouns We can count some things (e.g. ane lemon, eight grapes). These things (e.g. lemon, ape) are countable nouns. They can be singular (eg, lemon) or plural (e.g. femons). We can't count some things (e.g. cheese as NOT ene-eheese; pasta NOT two pastas). ‘These things (e.g. cheese, paste) are uncountable nouns. They can only be singular (e.g. cheese), not plural (efeeses). af an ‘We use a/ an with singular nouns. 2/ an means one, We can't use them with plurals or uncountable nouns. We use a before a consonant sound: 4a lemon, a potzio We use an before a vowel sound (3,0, J 9, ul: an onion, 2n ecg some / any We use some/ any with plural and uncountable nouns. We use some / any when we do not nesd to say the exact amount. We use some in positive sentences: 1 ike some potatoes. We use any in negative sentences and questions: We havent got any potatos. Hove you got ay potatoes? Oza = aan : | Tre gota lemon a. | lent raed an onion ‘ome any We'd ike some srapes We dont went any potatoes. | : some/ any | Uncountale | They've go some paste, a Do you want any cheese? ‘These common nouns are uncountable: ‘money music hair furniture fruit water cheese butter bread rice meat chicken =moat_fish = meat 4B quantifiers: much, many, a lot of How much? How many? 2 lot off much many We use How much?/ How many? to ask about quantities. ‘We use a lot of / much/ many to talk about large quenites We use How mary? with countable nouns: We use a lot ofn positive sentences: ae cane i ws gc 1 need lot of pottoes. We use How much? with unceuntable nours: We often use much / many in negative sentences ‘How much mitk have we got? ‘and questions: ‘When we ask about a price, we can just ask How much?: We haven't got many potatoes. lar mach dase oct 1 don't eat much chocolate é ‘Have you got many potatoes? Large ond oral quaatties Do you eat much chocolate? Cum Jian Countable : Uncountable ai | Onty use alot ofbeore a noun e-.chocolate) or large | alot of OIE | 0 pronoun (eg. f). ise @ lta the end ofa sentence. ‘wuantty | Fcuy a lot of grapes.~ 1 cook a lato pasta leat a fat of chocolate. ——| | 1 eata fot aft Hedium | ie a it of uit» tot ED || seat toe (NOT testo) suantty | eat quite a lot of grapes. eat quite alo of past. atew SP | se ‘Small | Feat afew grapes every evening, | Ive got lite past aa ‘not many ‘not much ___| Wehsientt got many grapes. | / haven got much paste. an ® i Would you like a grape? Zoro | at a GD - aAre these things countable (C) or uncountable (U)? x Grammar Focus 4A countable and uncountable nouns: a / an, some / any © Correct one mistake in each sentence. b Complete the conversation between a customer and a shop assistant with a, an, some or any. CUSTOMER Hello, have you got *__any___ fruit? ASSISTANT. Yes, of course. This is shop and | sell frat GUSTOMER Oh goad. Id ike >____ grapes, please, ASSISTANT Ah, sorry, we haven't got“ grapes. CUSTOMER Realy? OX, I'd lke © orange. ASSISTANT Just one? GUSTOMER Yes, please, and © lemon. ASSISTANT Er... no, sory, we haven't got 7 lemons. But we've got &_____avely bananas. CUSTOMER But | don't want bananas. ‘Well that's all then, thank you. ASSISTANT OK, so one orange. That's 15p, please, CUSTOMER Oh, no! Sorry, | haven't got ©__ money. 1 bread 6 furniture: 1. haven't got some tomatoes. 2 carrot 7 lemon ‘haven't got any tomatocs, 3 cheese 8 money 2. He hasn't got furnitures. 4 chocolate. 9 eae 5 fruit 10 meat 3. Have you got any moneys? 4 Taioa onion and a car pease \ We nada chese | 6 Tdontatsome mest | 7. She's got long hairs. 8 Doyou went any apple? dD Now go back to p.41 4B quantifiers: much, many, a lot of ‘@ Complete the sentences about the pictures. 3 We've only got a ‘milk, 4 We haven't got butter. 5 We've got quite |b Complete the questions with much or many. 1 How __many carrots do you want? 2 Wow. money has she got? 3 How does that car cost? 4 How tarnatoes do you want? 4 5 How cheese. da we nc? 6 How. lasses have you gol? 7 How do postcards cost? 8 How. salt do you eat? © Underline the correct answers. | don’t eat many! much chocolate. How many! much butter do we need? How many much onions do you want? Hust need a few! 2 ile sat. She hasn't got many/ much money. He eats quite 2 lot of/ a fot vegetables. Do you drink many/ much coffee? We have a few litle good restaurants in my town. Now go back to p.43