HEMICAL INCERING FACTS AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Department Editor: Scott Jenkins rer emphasized he importance ct solve selection in he cham ol process induce (CP). Thesorelude th irereoe ing regltery scrtny leveled on indus fens, and on olor by CPI companies Tedvce the envionment, beth and safety (EHS) inpoet of ter sobent se. rode Ton specialized, highpertomence solvers tre ovale fo same applications] ‘Key oo forhaiping determine which sob ‘ents ore stable for portevlr eppleions ove been predicated on th concept hot thermediame any between save! end tele can help pred sluon Behe ‘Conceptioly when auesing whaler ‘ornate molctle wl ase In 9 token, engineer cose” he alference bowoon the energy cont of rpting tho terme Ieclaratractions of he soNen and sole trlecls, compared othe energy gained through sshinschven! erosions” As Henan on Abt ela 2 odache fomehing, “you ee event making tele inthe sent ond tho tkes ene” {Fie ssluteslvenimerocions ae greater than he sum of ho energy lst rom he two sosances, hon soto wil soho ‘THE FOUNDATION OF HSP. Hildebrand [9] developed o thermody nomiszboied, one-dimensional solliy potomete in 1996 ora toa fr sliinoing Eertin savas rom consideration In pre ows developmen. The Hdsbrond solely poromelerfepreerted by lowercase dete) | Ter pure liquid sdbwonce is datined os ho {quare roo he cohesive onegy deny {he mount of erergy needed Yo remove © vale smoked om he nights to en nin dstoncs). The sore ener teods fo be overcome fr nlecden Spore ro een a ce ane iy seb Eaton (represents ho Fidabrone sokbity porometer {=I Where AM, is the haat af vaporization, Vn isthe molar volume and RT is ho ideal gat term, The units ore (MPa). “he Hidabrand method forme the founde- ‘ion for alter mulidimensional slbiliy foramler system hat hasbeen refined over lime by Chorles Honsen (2. The ruling Hanson Solblty Paromeirs[HSA, hove became ows olin selecting solani for chomicl processes. ‘THE HANSEN MODEL TSP are a set of thr valve tht describe the thermadynomics of dissolving one Substone info cnother. Salven wih similar Honsen soliiias generally ae miscible inmos proportions, nd Hansen values ke ysors, o number of factors hove 0 that are diferent meen limited slubily. As Hanson pute "The HSP describe whether things peer tobe naor each aha or no.” 'HSP oem fo choracterize th energies end cxign voles fo thom ae a wey fo predic selon behavie Hansen's model teil apts he Hidebrond sly porameer int free component: * Dipersion forces Nan der Weak intorac fom) crete atrations experienced by Cos placed a cloxe distances sel pi) rotor ae acre cos doe ponitvenogaive aha tonne ples aor Hydrogen bonding 0 parlor ype pols freon, bacon cho be otidared form of leckon exchange, ‘ecordng Yo Honson ord Abbot [7] The tres cemponens of he HSP ere resp fevled by Equation (2 SF =5f+dt +6 The the tums im unis of presse) compraing tho HSP are coed for ‘ach sbstone rough emia ality ‘xperments of vrioes pes, depending he mara burg mcsied The SP ‘oles ore kiown forglarge numberof Toliter. Als, moleculr dynamics methods elt ht can exile HSP without he need ierexperimentl dato 4} (nee determined he velues oe hen srected os corns points in a reo mmensoral pace, eal Hanson space, oe Figure Il, wih ote corresponding t each the res HSPconporens The narer Josette het wo nelle a hi ro densinol spac, fe mars ky hey gee dens bowel che ecicle the tance boteen the HSP of wo sb- ‘ances (2), the flowing aquoon i used (Ry =46,,~B, *16,,~8, HG aa)” Equation [3] wat developed by ploting ferperimenta dela, and represents solubility ‘doa os a sphere, where selens inside the sphere ore efleciva at dissolving a given Substonee, end hove ouside are progres sively less 20. Cc oye solu Fertouite of pier Hosen trvaced © concn cle be ereton Teds fe Solty ee dred x Ferment na gen payer ora Tree Rrra low sages ence 6 lame of soi ne hymen i onsen spe, or met polymer hs Gel fs sper n hope tetcclel he doperon on raie fe oly avs dba Seer whose Spelt in ene hy ave he pene whee ig Stas be hos wan Ones n Rl nel, he roo chao yeah be Seine. Th ao Fea Been led te late orgy diane (eI robe Sy ED vos as han one oe Siiceniy cis od wil Saab Hansen Solubility arameters (HSP) 2 > 4 20 [ 0 ° 2s 718 FIGURE 1. HSP values for cspersion (0), pola (P) and yrogan boncing (factors fre ploted within 830 spece “*RED volves equol io one mean he system will partially dissolve ‘RED grectar than one means the cys will nt disolve Applications of HSP HS? ore uel in caocting process solvents, ‘oddtives in formulations, for the lending ‘of polymere, ond fr the contol of Kinetics ‘ond monomersequence dstibuions in ‘copelymers.HSP have been ured os the bots for solvent selection medels and Compulrized manads, but hey con oko be lted in manuoleoleuloions, The folowing Tapresent some of the epplications in which HBP hove been used ‘Pradieting soci colvents foe polymers * Studying dispersion of pigments * Determining slusilty properties of carbon perch a + Finding salvant blends thot ore cheoper, perform beter or hot hove smaller ge five environmental impoct Limitations of #SP oP hy en od fo epi ea vathexpetimarol dot fon sed fo Tatas (or nl he predichons. fans be HP tha ore sessed by Hansen ‘nuda he flowing tie paren an bo eho neo Molton sie plays @sigricon lin ‘ters pce dees hin gre tine pri She HSP ere on approximation ‘Poremetors vary wih lente ‘Gagoing work by Hansen dicised in 2) Fes bogun odes HOP leis. References 1. Wypye, G, Inport Deora f Sat Seon, Chem Eng, June 2008, pp. 54-60, 2. tensa, Cond Abbot, S, "Henson Ssubily |B Foroncisn oc Bok, whore ‘lingcam, 2008, 5 illebrond, |, “The Sly of Nonelacto Ms” Real, Now York, 1926, 4. olmares, M lore, WA. God fond ters Hildebrand ond Horverslbily porometers fom moleclr dani wih 2 reaton to elacroie net gla srs. ‘cama of Computctonol Chena. 25 (15) pp 1/814-1,826, 2004, ccomissuer 2 : (6 on p.58 oF goto Did bre Hr you jus practical The easy Fuid Ani Whe frequent range. v into you rmainten Fuid Arty , Did you know that 90% of heat transfer fluid (0), ym em vents, ding the i be ing which arbon 30 | breakdowns are caused by equipment issues? you ust check your hata on a regular basis you could practcaly eliminate unplanned shutcoun or los of production ‘The easy way todo tis is by conducting a Fluid Analysis. Because Fd Analysis isnt justo check your fui i's to test your system. ‘When we test your fd (we suggest annual or mere frequently for demancing service) the values we get from boing range, visoosty, end eciity tel us whats going on in there, Batter Yel. logether witha one-to-one system review with you those same test results can help pinpoint emerging issues with oxidation, ova heating, or possible mismatches in these interrelated cerncnents thal could lead toa downtime. causing problem, This can help you keep the system up when i's supposed to be Up, and know in advance if any corrections are needed for when you do have scheduled downtime, Your system runs better, your ‘uid lasts longer, and your prooess earns its keep. 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UCTS TT) Fd Any reasoshotng Fis Martererce Gons.ing Tsing as Paraben CR HIF Paes OF HIF Paratace MG Parham GL HTE Pattarn TE am SO* Cleaner Patan fm LC" Cle HIF Pater AC* Clana Paratherm Corporation HEAT TRANS ‘4 Ponkrafd, «ves Carta 800-222-3611 51041-4000 «Fac BIOS 9101 roar 2am www.paratherm.com SD Se rather heat Wanster fis. iO) ee ee ree reEarthquake fractionation ome columns sway with the vind; some columns sway with the waves. In fact, hundreds of Jeslumns now reside offshore, on platforms and on barges. Most dry and sweeten gases. Some distill. he trays and packing distributors of such col- tumns are regularly, appreciably out of level. Sloshing occurs. The packings are rogularly, appreciably off vertical. Some of what wo know about the design of such enfomns originated with work that was performed at Heriot-Watt University. Other universities and com- panies performed levelness and sway- {ng research oftheir own. Tn 1985, following the lead of Dr Mike Locket, of Praxair (and a winner of this magazine's Personal Achieve- ment Award, the company I worked for decided to use the University of Buffalo (UB) Barthquake Table to simulate a 6 \ y Eee Solid-Liquid Separation Solutions from sub-micron to macro-molecules Vertical Fitering Centrifuges OES ee swaying distillation column. A 4-ft dia, Plexiglas test column was built and ‘was placed on a skid along with a pump ‘to circulate water and a blower to drive air through three test trays, The pump pulled water from the column’s sump and delivered itt the top ofthe column via a 12-8 tall 3.n. dia. pipe, ‘A customer was eonsidering build- ing a methanol plant on a barge on the Persian Gulf That plant would have required distillation columns. The cus- tomer asked to witness the testing of specifically designed trays subjected to swaying/rocking motion, In 1989, the UB Table was rented for one week. On day one, a forklift placed the skid-mounted column (with, the pump and blower) onto the table. ight 500-W spotlights were aimed at the column as were two film cameras. Surrounding the table were computers f + standard & custom j (up to 36 1) with small footprint. ae i > HichSced Tuba Ya J p10 20 000 Grote fr Separating sub-micron pates fom us ord Seuid Squid separations. | ‘VHorizontal Peeler & Inverting-Filter Centrifuges designed for very fine Sols, tin-cakes and other dificult applications. Superior sanitaton, cGMP design The Western States Machine Co. Pierre eee 227 on p 58 oF go to adlinks.che.com/35061-27 ‘and low paricle breakage. Services >» Rebuilding & Refurbshing Services Large Parts Inventory > Ful Stafed Field Service Dept 24 GHEWICALENGINEERING WWHLCHECOM JANUARY 2011 Mike Resatarits is the technical director ‘at FR (Stliwater Okla: vnew.H.0rg), 3 distillation research consortium. Each ‘month, Miko shares his first-hand expe- rience with CE readers that were used by UB civil engineering students who studied building destruc. tions, On days two and three, two tech- nicians and I collected data from the ‘column as the table was swayed from side to side. A technician satin a eantrol room and adjusted tlt angle and sway- ing speed per requests. On day four, three elient engineers joined the team. First, the pomp and blower were turned on, and water and air were circulated through the column, ‘Then, a technician flipped the switches to initiate the column's swaying. Very unfortunately, the technician flipped the wrong switches, The pistons be- neath the eonerete table went immedi- ately into earthquake simulation mode. ‘The concrete table slammed the test column —up-down-up-down-up-down about three times, until the weak link in the test column was clearly identified — the connection between the water pump and the water line. The bad news: ‘The connection broke. The worse news: ‘The pump kept pumping. A water spout 20- tall sprayed the entire laboratory. ‘When the water hit the spotlights, hey exploded, Technicians and engineers ran everywhere, none of whom knew exactly what had just transpired. Luck- ily, there was only enough water in the sump of the test column to allow the ‘geyser to spout for cbout 2 min. Unfor- tunately, that was sufficient to cover every computer in water. Broken light Dbulb pieces were everywhere, Every ‘engincer and tochnician was drenched. One client engineer looked like he had been swimming underwater in his ‘three-piece suit. And that was my most ‘embarrassing career moment. Thereafter, several global compa- nies initiated and completed research ‘work on off-shore columns, Now, such columns are designed regularly — and ‘easily —by the people who have experi- ‘ence with them, . Mike Resetarits resetarits@jriorg ‘WHO ‘Yeg Ctifor Intern: Pipeli Intern Andree resid (River John F ing off Unive (oust ing, pr ment i h SI W 8 w