IP ADDRESS FUNDAMENTALS

IP ADDRESSING AND SUBNETTING

IP ADDRESS
What is an IP Address?
 Internet Protocol (IP) uses logical or virtual addressing to get a packet from a
source to its destination
 At the Network layer, routers use IP addresses to make best path forwarding
decisions.
 IPv4 Addresses
 Consist of 32 bits
 Are broken into four octets (8 bits each).
 Use dotted-decimal format, such as 172.16.122.204.
CLASSFULL IP ADRESSING
IP Address Classes
 IP addresses are 32 bits long, represented by dotted-decimal notation. Each address
can be divided into two parts: Network bits and Host Bits

Network and Broadcast Address

 A network ID is the first IP address
in a network.
 A broadcast IP is the last IP address
in a network
SUBNET MASK
Subnet Mask
 A subnet mask is used to identify which part of an IP address is the network
portion.
 The default subnet masks for Class A, Class B, and Class C networks are as follows:
 Class A: 255.0.0.0 (11111111 00000000 000000000 000000000)
 Class B: 255.255.0.0 (111111111 1111111111 000000000 000000000)
 Class C: 255.255.255.0 (111111111 1111111111 111111111 0000000000)
 Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR) notation may also be used to identify the
subnet mask.
 Class A: /8
 Class B: /16
 Class C: /24
Thank you.
IP Addressing and Subnetting
Data Communications

Timothy M. Amado
Faculty, Electronics Engineering Department
Technological University of the Philippines – Manila
tim.amado08@gmail.com