14 possible points . Higher frequency transducers have less beam spread than low frequency transducers . Lower frequency transducers are usually used to find the smaller defects, . The longer the wavelength ( ), the greater the beam spread and batter ability to toy . Whon comparing two transducers of the same frequency, the larger transducer will hay” ..A rough surface’on the test specimen may cause a loss in amplitude on the CRT scree, . A smooth discontinuity (crack) will reflect more eneray than a discontinuity will a rough, . The couplant used in ultrasonic inspection should be as thick as possible to propery . What would be the “Beam Spread’ if the following conditions existed? Key Name, UT LESSON 5 quiz smail discontinuities. 2 the greatest beam spread. Ii the front and back surfaces of a test part are not parallel, there will be a greatly reduce, signal amplitude from any discontinuity In the part. - Long or thin specimens may cause false indications due to mode conversion of the ong tudinal beam. surtace (inclusion). Both contact and immersion testing techniques can be used for performing an “anghs beam” examination of a part. a direct tho sound beam, Where a liquid or paste couplant cannot be used, a rubber sheet may sometimes be used. by placing it between the transducer and test part. A. 1" Diameter, § MHz Wransducer. B. Volocity in stool = .585 x 10" cm/sec r a » C. Sing = 1.22 4— 7 D q D. Wavelength( 4 ) = —W2locity Trequency E. one inch = 2.54 centimeters F. (3 pts . SHOW WORK) Ne ers em/ssee 2 7em o Abe ¢ “77, 08 sia J" 688 ~Zs7 O° 3 degreesUT LESSON 5 WORKSHEET #1 (continued) cae oes tee ate ae { 0175 46° “ : oie Someta aw a00 tn “0698 9978 0899 49° 7847 6561 1.1504 “9872 9962 0875 50° 7660 6428 1.1918 4219 9925 1228 52° 7880 6157 1.2799 ag soos 08 Sees eons 70 1564 9877 1584 64° 8090 5878 41,3764 eo (2079 9781 «2126 67° 8387, +5446 1.5399 2250 9744 2309 88° 8480 5299 4.6013 Be SS. oer costes tenor +3584 9336 +3839 66" 9135 4067 2.2460 as S008 aes m= Sear aay 4540 8910 +5095 72° 9511 3090 0.0777, joe 300 bs Ste tb Stas ot 6018 7986 7536 82° 9903 1392 7.1154 oe: 6187 “7880 7813: ast 19925 M219 8.1443 99° 6293 7771 “8098 Bat 9945, 1045 9.5144 40) 8428 7680 8391 85° 9962 0872 11,4901 aie 6561 75478693, 86° 9976 0698 14,9007 ae 9691 7431 9004 er? 9986 0523 18.0811 & ni 6820 7314 9325 88° 9994 0349 28.6363 6947 7193, 9657 ‘89° 9998 0175 57.2900 oe 7071 "707140000 90" 190000000Lesson 6 ATTENUATION, ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE, AND RESONANCE AS SHOWN BELOW, A BEAM OF SOUND ENERGY WILL SPREAD OUT (DIVERGE) AS IT MOVES THROUGH THE SPECIMEN, AND THE INTENSITY (ENERGY) DE. | ‘| CREASES WITH DISTANCE AWAY FROMTHE TRANSDUCER AND AWAY FROM” TRANSDUCER, FOR A GIVEN SIZE TRANSDUCER: HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSDUCERS PRODUCE NARROWER SOUND BEAMS THAN LOW FREQUENCY TRANSDUCERS. 4 FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATION, ULTRASONIC SOUND CAN BE VIEWEQ | AS A NARROW CONE-SHAPED BEAM WHICH IS DIVIDED INTO TWO ZONES. THE INTENSITY IN THE NEAR ZONE VARIES IRREGULARLY DUE TO SOUND | WAVE INTERACTION CLOSE TO THE TRANSDUCER, THIS PREVENTS RELIABLE DETECTION OF DISCONTINUITIES CLOSE TO THE SURFACE. IN THE FAR ZONE, THE INTENSITY (ENERGY) DECREASES STEADILY DUE TO BOTH ATTENUATION AND BEAM SPREAD. 7 SPECIMEN CMATERIALD * TRANSOUCER MH a4 TRANSDUCER TRRANSUITERD Spay ‘ { ae oe rane ad ‘THE INTENSITY AT POINT “Y" ABOVE IS LESS THAN AT POINT “X", ATTENUA: | TION IS THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THiS CONDITION OF ENERGY LOSS, AT- TERUATION MEANS THE PROCESS OF LESSENING THE AMOUNT. THE PRIMARY REASONS FOR ATTENUATION ARE ABSORPTION AND SCATTER- ING OF THE ULTRASONIC ENERGY. 33 Bor he BA eevee de ek SLs tah fee : eee y aresiey vorite Srreg om po fe we eT ten is