CHAPTER-IV

PROFILE OF THE HYDERABAD KARNATAKA AREA

4.1. Introduction:
This chapter deals with the profile of Hyderabad Karnataka
region exclusively. It also focuses on various aspects of the study area
such as historical background of the districts, locations and
boundaries, physiographic, demographic features, geographic features
such as population, density, sex ratio, literacy level, agriculture,
industrial development, educational development, banking
development, infrastructure facilities, per capita income and
transportation and so on.

4.2. General Profile:

In this section, a brief profile of Hyderabad Karnataka Region
which is one of the region selected for the present study is made.
Hyderabad Karnataka Region is the name given to the area which was
the part of erstwhile Hyderabad province before the formation of new
state. When the new state of Mysore (Presently known as Karnataka)
was formed in 1956, Kannada speaking areas of Hyderabad province
were added to the new state. These areas came to be known as
Hyderabad Karnataka Region later on. At present, the Hyderabad
Karnataka region includes the six districts namely Bellary, Bidar,
Kalaburagi (Gulbarga), Yadgir, Raichur, and Koppal.

4.3. Historical Background of the Hyderabad Karnataka

Districts:
The following is the brief summary of the history of Hyderabad
Karnataka districts which are discussed below.

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i) Bellary District:
Bellary district takes its name from the word Ballari which
refers to goddess Durugamma, as this goddess had manifested herself
in the town. Some of the events in the great epic Ramayana are
related to this historical place. It is said that Rama while searching for
Sita met Sugreeva and Hanuman at a place which is very near
to Hampi, the celebrated capital of Vijayanagara kingdom. The history
speaks volumes about the significant role it acquired during
Satavahanas, Kadambas, Chalukyas of Kalyana, Kalachuryas,
Sevunas and Hoysala period. Thereupon the Vijayanagara rulers built
the “City of Victory "on the bank of Tungabhadra river at Hampi in
Hospet Taluk.

This area which had witnessed the prosperity to its peak fell
into political turmoil after the fall of Vijayanagara empire in 1565.
This district was transferred to the erstwhile Mysore State on 1st
October 1953 from Madras State. With the re-organisation of the
districts during 1997, the numbers of taluks are reduced to 7.
Harapanahalli taluk has been transferred to Davanagere district.1

Map: 4.1
MAP OF BELLARY DISTRICT

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

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ii) Bidar District:
The name of Bidar appears to be derived from 'bidiru' which
means bamboo. The place seems to have been known for bamboo
clusters in the past, came to be known as 'Bidaroor' and then 'Bidare',
'Bidar'. Though there are other versions of origin, the name
'Bidarooru' seems to be more near one and authenticated by
contemporary literary works. Bidar is a hill-top city situated on the
Deccan plateau, in the north-eastern part of Karnataka state in India.
It is the headquarters of the Bidar District. Being located at the
farthest of around 700 km (430 miles) from the state capital
Bengaluru, it has been neglected by the state government for a long
time. However, owing to its rich heritage, the city has a prominent
place in the Archeological Map of India. Picturesquely perched on the
Deccan plateau, the Bidar fort is more than 500 years old and still
standing strong. According to the book "Bidar Heritage" published by
the state Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage, of the
61 monuments listed by the department, about 30 are tombs located
in and around Bidar city. This explains the nickname - The City of
Whispering Monuments. The heritage sites in and around Bidar have
become the major attraction for film shooting in recent years with
Bollywood making visits apart from Kannada film industry. Bidar is
home for the second biggest Indian Air Force training centre in the
country. The IAF Station Bidar is used for advanced jet training of
prospective fighter pilots on BAe Hawk aircraft.

Bidar city is known for its Bidri handicraft products, and its
rich history. Bidar is also considered as one of the holiest place of
Sikh pilgrimage. Unlike other places in the region, Bidar is the coldest
and wettest place in north Karnataka. For the year 2009-10, Bidar
was ranked 22nd among the cleanest cities in India, and 5th cleanest
in Karnataka. SH4 passes through Bidar and the whole city is
integrated with 4 lane road.

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 Ancient Karez System in the city has been recently discovered.
The Karez (Qanat) is an underground network of aqueducts for water
supply. The Bidar Karez, built in the 15th century, is more than 3 km
(1.9 miles) long with 21 air vents. Underground canals, built to
connect underground water streams, were meant to provide drinking
water to civilian settlements and the garrison inside the Bidar fort.
This was necessary for a city where the soil was rocky and drilling
wells were difficult.2
Map: 4.2
MAP OF BIDAR DISTRICT

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

iii) Kalaburagi District (Gulbarga):

GULBARGA was known as 'KALABURAGI' in former days which
means stony land in Kannada. Gulbarga district is situated in the
northern part of Karnataka State. In the earlier days, Gulbarga was a
district of Hyderabad Karnataka area and became a part of Karnataka
State after re-organization of states. Interestingly Gulbarga was
renamed as Kalaburagi in the recent part.

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 Recorded history of this district dates back to the 6th Century
A.D. The Rashtrakutas gained control over the area but the Chalukyas
regained their domain within a short period and regained supreme for
over two hundred years. The Kalahari's who succeeded them ruled till
the 12th Century A.D. Around the close of the 12th century.

The Yadavas of Devagiri and the Hoysalas of Dwarasamadra

destroyed the supremacy of the Chalukyas and kalachuris. About the
same period, the kakatiya kings of Warangal came into prominence
and the present Gulbarga and Raichur districts formed part of their
domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1321 AD and the entire
Deccan including the district of Gulbarga passed under the control of
the Muslim Emperors of Delhi.

The revolt of the Muslim officers appointed from Delhi resulted

in the founding of the Bahmani kingdom in 1347 AD, by Hassan
Gangu who chose Gulbarga to be his capital. When the Bahmani
dynasty came to an end, the kingdom broke up into five independent
Sultanates and the present Gulbarga district came partly under Bidar
and partly under Bijapur.

With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th

century, Gulbarga passed back to the Mughal Empire. In the early
part of the 18th century when Mughal Empire was declining Asaf Jha
a general of Aurangzeb became independent and formed the
Hyderabad State in which a major part of Gulbarga area was also
included. In 1948 Hyderabad state became a part of Indian Union and
in 1956, excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra
Pradesh, the remaining talukas of Gulbarga district became part of
New Mysore State.

Gulbarga is 613 Km north of Bangalore and well connected by

road to Bijapur, Hyderabad and Bidar. Train from the southern part of
India to Mumbai and Delhi passes through Gulbarga. Shri Kshetra

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Gangapur a well-known pilgrimage of God Shri Sadguru Dattaraya is
very close to Gulbarga. The climate of the district is generally dry and
healthy with temperature ranging from 5*C to 45*C and an annual
rainfall of about 750mm. The entire district is situated in Deccan
Plateau and the general elevation ranges from 300 to 750 meters
above MSL.

Two main rivers, Krishna and Bhima, flow in the district. The
predominant type of soil in the district is black soil. The district has a
large number of tanks which in addition to the river irrigate the land.
The Upper Krishna Project is a major irrigational venture in the
district. Jowar, groundnut, rice, and pulses are the main crops.
Gulbarga an industrially backward district, is presently showing signs
of growth in the Cement, textile, leather and chemical industry
sectors. Gulbarga has a University with Medical and Engineering
Colleges.

This town was the Bahmani capital from 1347 until its transfer
to Bidar in 1428 Later the kingdom broke up into a number of smaller
kingdoms - Bijapur, Bidar, berar, Ahmednager and Golconda. The last
of these, Golconda, finally fell to Aurangzeb in 1687. Gulbarga's old
moated fort is in a much-deteriorated state, but it has a number of
interesting buildings inside including the Jama Masjid, reputed to
have been built by a Moorish architect during the late 14th or early
15th century who imitated the great mosque in Cordoba, Spain. The
mosque is unique in India, with a huge dome covering the whole area,
four smaller ones at the corners, and 75 smaller still all the way
around. The fort itself has 15 towers. Gulbarga also has a number of
imposing tombs of Bahmani kings, a shrine to an important Muslim
saint and the Sharana Basaveshwara Temple.3

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 Map: 4.3
MAP OF KALABURAGI (GULBARGA) DISTRICT

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

iv) Yadgir District:

Yadgir, popularly called as “Yadavagiri” by the local people, was
once a capital of the Yadava Kingdom. Has a rich historical and
cultural traditions. Yadavas, the earliest Muslim empire of South
India, chose Yadgir to be their capital and ruled from 1347 to 1425
A.D. Mentioned as Yadgir in ancient inscriptions, Yadgir is popularly
known as “Yadavagiri” by the locals. Yadgir district has its deep routes
in history. The famous dynasties of the south, the Satavahans, the
Chalukyas of Badami, the Rastrkuta, Shahis, the Aidil shahis, the
Nizam Shahis have ruled over the district.

In 1504 Yadgir (Gulbarga) was permanently annexed to Adil

Shahi kingdom of Bijapur. In 1657 with the invasion of Mir Jumla, it
passed into the hands of Mughals. Later with the establishment of
Asaf Jahi (Nizam) Dynasty of Hyderabad (1724-1948) Yadgir and
Gulbarga came under it. In 1863 when Nizam Government formed
Jillabandi, Surpur (Shorapur) became district headquarter, with nine

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Talukas of which Gulbarga was one of them. In 1873 Gulbarga was
formed into a Separate district with seven taluks. With the
reorganization of states in 1956, Gulbarga became Part of Karnataka
State and Divisional headquarter.

The state government cabinet meeting held at Gulbarga on 26th

September 2008, has resolved Yadgir will be formed as a new district.
Accordingly, the Hon'ble Chief Minister declared Yadgir as a new
district. Followed by this the Government has appointed an IAS officer
as Special Officer for Yadgir district until the final Notification of
district is published in the Karnataka Gazette

Finally, the Government has issued Gazette Notification

declaring Yadgir as a 30th new district of Karnataka State on
26.12.2009. Consequently final notification of the Yadgir district came
into existence with effect from 30.12.2009.4

Yadgir district is the 2nd smallest district in the state, area

wise, it is very rich in cultural traditions. The vast stretch of the fertile
black soil of the district is known for bumper red gram and jawar
crops. The district is a “Daal bowl” of the state. The district is also
known for a cluster of cement industries and a distinct stone
popularly know as “Malakheda Stone”.

Yadgir has been blessed by the incessant flowing of two main

rivers Krishna and Bhima in addition to these two, a few tributaries
flow in this region. Yadgir which is known for industries is presently
showing a great deal of signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather,
and chemical production in the industrial sector. One of the recent
developments, wherein the people of Yadgir are proud and boastful is
that the establishment of Agriculture University in Bheemarayana
Gudi (B.Gudi).

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 Map: 4.4
MAP OF YADGIR DISTRICT

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

v) Raichur District:
Raichur is very rich from the epigraphical point of view. It has
already yielded hundreds of inscriptions, ranging right from the
Mauryan period up to the end of the Muslim period, in a variety of
languages like Sanskrit, Prakrit, Kannada, Arabic and Persian,
belonging to almost all the dynasties that ruled over the Deccan. The
most important places from this point of view are Maski, Koppal,
Kuknur, Mudgal, and Raichur.

The District of Raichur was a part of the Hyderabad State till

the re-organisation of State on 1st November 1956. The recorded
history of the district is traced to as far back as the third century B.C.
The fact that three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this
district one at Maski in the Lingasugur taluk and the other two near
Koppal, prove that this area was included in the dominions of the
great Mauryan king Ashoka (273 - 236 B.C.). At that time, this region
was under the governance of the Viceroy or Mahapatra of Ashoka.

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Early in the Christian era, the district appears to have been a part of
the kingdom of the Satavahanas. The Vakatakas, who reigned during
the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D., seem to have held sway over Raichur
for some time, after which it appears to have been included in the
Kadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled
over this region, was that of the Chalukyas of Badami. According to an
inscription from Aihole, Pulikeshi-II having defeated the Pallavas
occupied this area and made it a province in his empire under the
governance of his son Adityavarma. Later the whole of the present
Raichur district was included in the dominions of the Rashtrakutas,
who rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from
the inscriptions of that period found in this district. According to an
inscription from Manvi taluk, one Jagattunga, a subordinate ruler
under the Rashtrakuta king Krishna-II, was ruling the province of
Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present
Raichur district. Nripatunga, a Rashtrakuta king, has described
Koppal in his Kannada work, Kavirajamarga, as the great
Kopananagara.

Numerous inscriptions of the Chalukyas of Kalyana, found in

the various parts of the district, testify to the fact that this region was
under their sway for a considerable length of time between the 10th
and 12th centuries A.D. It is learnt from an inscription found at Naoli
in Lingsugur taluk that during the reign of Chalukya Vikramaditya-V,
the Adedore-pranta, i.e., the Raichur region, was being ruled by his
younger brother Jagadekamalla-I. Another inscription from Maski
describes the place as a capital and makes a reference to the reign of
Jayasimha. There were, however, frequent wars between the Chola
kings of the south and the Chalukyan kings of Kalyana for supremacy
over the Raichur region and the territory had passed into the hands of
the Cholas for a brief period. The Haihayas and Sindas also seem to
have ruled some parts of this region for sometime. Later, after the fall
of the Chalukyas, Raichur passed into the hands of the Kalachuri

170
kings. Then came the Kakatiyas in the 13th century. From an
inscription on the fort-wall of Raichur, referred to earlier, it is learned
that the original fort was built by Gore Gangayya Reddy, a general of
the Kakatiya queen Rudramma Devi of Warangal, in 1294 A.D., at the
instance of the latter.

The district of Raichur has a hoary past. It has had an eventful

& rich beginning from the days of the Mauryan King Ashoka. A
number of inscriptions, rocks edicts & other records, temples, forts &
battlefields bear testimony to this fact. Lying between two important
Kingdoms. In the recent past, it was a part of the princely State of
Hyderabad, till 1st November 1956 and then it is a constituent district
of the Mysore State.

Origin of the name of RAICHUR:

The district derives its name from its headquarters town
Raichur (origin of name Rayachooru in Kannada), as most of the other
districts also in the State. Though many of the villagers round about,
still call the place by the earlier of the name which is Rayachooru,
however, in modern times, it has come to be generally written and
pronounced in Kannada as Rayachooru. The name of this place which
is of considerable antiquity, can be traced back to the Twelfth Century
at least. As Dr. P.B. Desai has pointed out the Raichur fortress was
one of the fortresses conquered by the Hoysala king Vishnuvardhana.
This is evident from at least Three of the Hoysala inscriptions in
Kannada. In the earliest of these three inscriptions which was found
at Hulkera in Belur taluk of Hassan district (numbered Belur 193 in
Epigraphy Carnatica, Vol V, PartI, 1902) and which belong to the year
1161 A.D. and the region of Hoysala Narasimha I, mention is made of
the Perddore (the Krishna river) as the northern boundary of
Vishnuvardhana‟s Kingdom and the Rachavoor as one of the places
conquered by Vishnuvardhana while still a youth.

171
 The second of these inscriptions which was discovered at
Hatana in Nagamamgala taluk of the present Mandya district
Numbered Nagamangala 70 in Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol IV-Part
II,1898) and which is dated 1178 A.D. when Hoysala Vira-Ballala II
was ruling, refers to Permmana (ie., Permma+na) Rachavoor as one of
the numerous forts which Vishnuvardhana captured with a frown .
This lithic record indicates that the place was known at the time as
Permma‟s Rachavoor, this Permma being probably a local chieftain,
the third of these inscriptions, which is from Hirehalli in Belur taluk
of Hassan district (numbered Belur 137 in Epigraphia carnatica, Vol.
V-part I, 1902) and which is dated 1183 A.D. and is also the reign of
Hoysals Vira-Ballala II enumerates Rachavoor as one of the places
which Vishnuvardhana captured by the might of his arm.

It is narrated that a chieftain on witnessing a strange spectacle

of a rabbit turning on a dog that pursued him and tearing the latter
(dog) to pieces at this spot, thought that the scene of this heroic and
unusual action was a fit place for building a fort and accordingly
constructed a formidable fort and named the place as Naichur which,
in Kannada, connotes the idea of the dog being torn to pieces. The
present name, Raichur, is said to be have derived from that Naichur.
But this kind of the story is repeated in respect of many forts. It is
also said that Rai meaning stone in Telugu, with ooru (town), gave rise
to Rajooru, that is, a town of stones (because of rocks in the vicinity)
which becomes Rayachooru or Raichooru. Such other stories can be
said to be only conjectures, in view of the clear historical evidence
about the name already explained. It appears that Raichur had been
once renamed Ferozenagar by a Bahmani Sultan, but the appellation
did not stick on to it and it continued to be called by the old name
only.5

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 Map: 4.5
MAP OF RAICHUR DISTRICT

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

vi) Koppal District:

The history of Koppal can be traced back to the kingdoms of
Shathavahanas, Gangas, Hoysalas and Chalukya Dynasties. The
name of the district i.e. "KOPPAL" is found in the poetic work of the
great poet Kavirajamarga (During King Nrupathunga's time of 814-878
A.D.) as "VIDITHA MAHA KOPANA NAGARA". During Ashoka's period,
the Jainism gained greater momentum in this region. Therefore, it was
called as "Jain Kashi". In twelth century A.D. Veerashaivaism of Social
Reformer Basaveshwara became popular. The present Gavi Math of
Koppal has great attraction. Anegundi of Gangavathi Taluk was the
first capital of great Vijayanagara Dynasty. The old palace and fort still
exist where an annual festival called "Anegundi Utsava" is being
celebrated in a befitting manner every year. The other important
historical places of Koppal district are Itagi, Kukanoor, Madinoor,

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Indrakeela Parvatha, Kanakagiri, Pura, Chikkabenakal, Hirebenakal
and Huligi.

Before Independence, Koppal was under the Nizam of

Hyderabad. India got Independence on 15th August 1947, since
Koppal was part of Hyderabad region, the people of the region had to
struggle further to attain Independence from the clutches of
Hyderabad Nizam. On 18th September 1948, the Hyderabad-
Karnataka got independence from Nizam. Since then until
01.04.1998, Koppal District was in Raichur District of Gulbarga
Revenue Division. On 01.04.1998, Koppal district consisting of four
taluks viz. Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi & Yelburga came into being.6

Map: 4.6
MAP OF KOPPAL DISTRICT

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

4.4. Location and Boundaries:

Hyderabad Karnataka Region is situated in the North Eastern
part of the Karnataka state and falls within the geographical region of

174
North Maidan. It spreads between 14060‟ to 18030‟ Northern latitude
and 75060‟ to 77070‟ Eastern longitude.

The region is bounded on the North by Solapur, Nanded and

Usmanabad districts of Maharastra state and on the east by
Nizamabad, Medak, Mahaboobnagar, Rangareddy districts of Andhra
Pradesh, in the south by Karnool district of Andhra Pradesh and
Chitradurga, Davangere districts of Karnataka state. In the west by
Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gadag and Haveri districts of Karnataka state.

The map of India, Karnataka and Hyderabad Karnataka area as

shown below as 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9.

175
 Map: 4.7
MAP OF INDIA

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

176
 Map: 4.8
MAP OF KARNATAKA

Source:www.mapsofindia.com

177
 Map 4.9
MAP OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA AREA

Source: www.mapsofindia.com

Administrative Divisions:
The chart 4.1 gives details of the administrative divisions in
Hyderabad Karnataka Area.

178
 Chart-4.1
Administrative Divisions in Hyderabad Karnataka Area

YADGIR BIDAR GULBARGA KOPPAL RAICHUR BELLARY

Yadgir B’Kalyan Gulbarga Sedam Koppal Raichur Lingasugur

Bidar Siruguppa Hospet

Shorapur Bhalki Afzalpur Chincholi Koppal Devadurga Lingasugur Bellary

Aurad Hadagalli
Yadgir B’Kalyan Aland Chittapur Kustagi Manvi Sindhanoor
Bhalki Sandur Hagaribommanhalli
Shahapur Humnaba Gulbarga Sedam Yelaburga Raichur
Kudligi
d Jewargi Gangavati

Source: S. Aravind “Human Resource Development in Commercial Banks: A Study with Special Reference to State Bank of
Hyderabad in Hyderabad Karnataka Area” an unpublished thesis submitted to Gulbarga University, Gulbarga p.45.

179
4.5. Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region:
The Hyderabad Karnataka Region covers the area of 44145 sq.
km. which account for 23.02 percent of the total geographical area of
the Karnataka state. At present it consists of six districts i.e., Bellary,
Bidar, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga), Yadgir, Raichur, and Koppal. The
following table gives the idea of the districts included in the
Hyderabad Karnataka Region(HKR) and the area covered by them
respectively.
Table-4.1
Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region and
Geographical Area

SL. Area % to Total

Districts
No. (in sq. km) Geographical Area
1. Bellary 8461 19.17
2. Bidar 5448 12.34
3. Kalaburagi
10954 24.81
(Gulbarga)
4. Yadgir 5270 11.94
5. Raichur 8442 19.12
6. Koppal 5570 12.62
H.K. Region 44145 100.00
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department, A
Hand Book of Karnataka 2015, P.15.

The above table is shows the districts of Hyderabad Karnataka

region and area in square kilometers. Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) district
with 10954(24.81 percent) area sq.kms is the largest in area. And
lowest is Yadgir district with 5270(11.94 percent) square kilometers.
The same is represented in graph 4.1.

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 Graph-4.1
Districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region and Geographical
Area

4.6. Physiographic:
Physiographically, the Hyderabad Karnataka region forms the
part of two well defined physiographic region of Karnataka state.

a) Northern Part of Karnataka Plateau:

The Northern Karnataka plateau comprises the districts of
Bidar, Gulbarga and Yadgir. It is largely composed of deccan trap. It
represents a monotonous treeless extensive plateau landscape with a
general elevation of 300 to 600 mts. from the main sea level. This
region is largely covered with the rich black soil.

b) Central Karnataka Plateau:

The Central Karnataka plateau comprises the districts of
Raichur, Koppal and Bellary. The region represents the transitional
surface between the Northern Karnataka plateau with relatively higher
surface and Southern Karnataka plateau with relatively lower surface.

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By and large, this region represents the area of Tungabhadra basin.
The general elevation varies between 450 to 700 mts. from the sea
level.

4.6.1. Soil:
The soil condition in Hyderabad Karnataka region varies from
district to district. A major portion of Gulbarga, Yadgir and Bidar
districts consists of deep black soil; few parts of Bidar district i.e.,
Humanabad, Basawakalyan and Bidar talukas have laterite soil. On
the other hand, the districts of Raichur, Koppal and Bellary are
covered by the reddish sandy soil, the light green loamy soil and the
reddish brown soil.

4.6.2. Climate:
The climate of the Hyderabad Karnataka region, in general, is
characterised by dryness for the major part of the year and a very hot
summer. The region receives rainfall both from south west and north
east monsoon. However, the mean rainfall in the region is very scant
at 692 mm in a year.

4.6.3. Rivers:
In Hyderabad Karnataka region Karanja, Bheema, Krishna,
Tungabhadra are the major rivers. These rivers have a lot of irrigation
potentials, which have to be exploited to supply water to the vast
agriculture land of the region.

4.6.4. Mineral Resources:

Hyderabad Karnataka region has been endowed with rich
minerals resources. The important mineral resources available in the
region includes Limestone, Gypsum, Quartz, Stearite, Bauxite, Kaolin,
Red ochre, White quartz, Iron ore, Manganese. The most important
mineral of Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) and Yadgir districts is the limestone
which is found in Chittapur, Sedam, Chincholi, Shahapur, Shorapur
and Jewargi covering about 15000 sq. miles. Large deposits of Kaolin

182
are located in Bidar district. About 2500 tons of good Kaolin clay is
estimated to be available in the district.

The most important mineral available in Raichur district is gold,

next to Kolar district; Raichur is the only other district which
possesses gold reserve in the state. The district has the prestigious
Hatti Gold Mines and the reserves of gold are estimated to be of 4.11
lakh tonnes. Bellary district has been endowed with iron ore and
Manganese. As a result, a number of industrial units such as world
famous ACC at Wadi in Gulbarga district, Hatti Gold mines in
Raichur, Sandur Manganese Company at Sandur in Bellary district,
Jindal Iron Company at Hospet in Bellary district have come up in the
Hyderabad Karnataka region.

4.7. Demographic Features:

4.7.1. Population:
A Population census is a process of collecting, compiling,
analyzing and disseminating demographic, social, cultural and
economic data relating to all persons in the country, at a particular
time in ten years interval. The Indian Census has a very long history.
The earliest literature „Rig Veda‟ reveals that some kind of population
count was maintained during 800-600 BC. Kautilya‟s Arthasastra,
written around 321-296 BC, laid stress on Census taking as a
measure of state policy for the purpose of taxation.

The total population of Hyderabad Karnataka region according

to 2011 census (A Hand Book of Karnataka 2015) is 11215224 which
were about 18.36 percent of the total population of Karnataka state.
The district wise population figures of Hyderabad Karnataka region is
given in the Table-4.2

183
 Table-4.2
Districts-wise Population in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(2011 Census)
Population % of Total
SL.
Districts Population of
No. Males Females Total the Region
1. Bellary 12,36,954 12,15,641 24,52,595 21.87
2. Bidar 8,70,665 8,32,635 17,03,300 15.19
Kalaburagi
3. 13,01,755 12,64,571 25,66,326 22.88
(Gulbarga)
4. Yadgir 5,90,329 5,83,942 11,74,271 10.47
5. Raichur 9,64,511 9,64,301 19,28,812 17.20
6. Koppal 6,99,926 6,89,994 13,89,920 12.39
H.K. Region 56,64,140 55,51,084 1,12,15,224 100.00
Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance 2013-14,P.11.

It is evident from the above table that as per 2011 census the
Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) district is having a large number of population
25,66,326 (i.e.22.88 percent) among the six districts of Hyderabad
Karnataka region. Yadgir is the smallest district with the population of
11,74,271 (i.e.10.47 percent).
Graph-4.2
Districts-wise Population in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(2011 Census)

184
4.7.2. Density:
According to 2011 census (Karnataka at a glance 2013-14), the
density of population of Hyderabad Karnataka Region is 254 which is
lower than the density of population of Karnataka 319. However, the
density of population is not uniform throughout the region. This is
evident from the Table-4.3.
Table-4.3
Districts-Wise Density of Population in Hyderabad Karnataka
Region

SL. Density of Population

Districts
No. (People Per Sq. Km)
1. Bellary 290
2. Bidar 313
3. Kalaburagi
234
(Gulbarga)
4. Yadgir 223
5. Raichur 228
6. Koppal 250
H.K. Region 254
State 319
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department, A
Hand Book of Karnataka 2015, P.143.

The above shows that Bidar is a thickly populated district in

Hyderabad Karnataka region, with a density of population 313 people
per sq. km. Yadgir is the thinly populated district with a density of
223 people per sq. km.

185
 Graph-4.3
Districts-Wise Density of Hyderabad Karnataka Region

4.7.3. Sex Ratio:

Sex is an elaboration of the biological division of functions. Male
and female are the two status upon which, behaviour gets
differentiated in all societies. The sex ratio in various districts of
Hyderabad Karnataka Region is shown in the below Table-4.4.
Table-4.4
Districts-Wise Sex Ratio in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(2011 Census)

SL. Sex ratio

Districts
No. (Females Per 1000 Males)
1. Bellary 983
2. Bidar 956
3. Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) 971
4 Yadgir 989
5. Raichur 1,000
6. Koppal 986
State Total 973
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department, A
Hand Book of Karnataka 2015, P.141.

186
 It can be seen from the above table that sex ratio is not uniform
among all districts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region. Raichur district is
having a highest sex ratio of 1000 where as Bidar is having a lowest
sex ratio of 956 in the region according to the 2011 census.

Graph-4.4
Districts-Wise Sex Ratio in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(2011 Census)

4.7.4. Urban Population:

Urbanisation indicates a change in the socio-economic
conditions. The percentage of urban population in Hyderabad
Karnataka region is about 13.23 percent according to 2011 census
(Karnataka at a glance 2013-14). The state urban population is
23625962. Table 4.5 gives us the idea about the urban population in
various districts of Hyderabad Karnataka region.

187
 Table-4.5
Districts-Wise Urban Population in Hyderabad Karnataka
Region
SL. Urban % total to
Districts
No. Population Population
1. Bellary 920239 29.43
2. Bidar 425952 13.62
3. Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) 835551 26.73
4. Yadgir 220677 7.06
5. Raichur 490348 15.68
6. Koppal 233704 7.48
H.K. Region 3126471 100.00
Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance 2013-14, P.12. And
Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department, A Hand
Book of Karnataka 2015, P.147.

From the above table, it is evident that Bellary district is having

highest district wise urban population in the Hyderabad Karnataka
region with 920239 (i.e.29.43 percent) and the lowest urban
population is found in Yadgir district i.e.220677 (7.06 percent).

Graph-4.5
Districts-Wise Urban Population in Hyderabad Karnataka
Region

188
4.7.5. Literacy Level:
The level of education in Hyderabad Karnataka Region is low.
The literacy rate of both male and female population is very low when
compared to the state average. The same is indicated in the Table-4.6

Table-4.6
Level of Literacy Rate in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(In Percentage)

SL. Total Male Female

Districts
No. Literacy Literacy Literacy

1. Bellary 67.43 76.64 58.09

2. Bidar 70.51 79.09 61.55

3. Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) 64.85 74.38 55.09

4. Yadgir 51.83 62.25 41.38

5. Raichur 59.56 70.47 48.73

6. Koppal 68.09 78.54 57.55

State Total 75.36 82.47 68.08

Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and
Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance report of 2013-14, P.82.

From the above table it is clear that Bidar district is having the
highest rate of literacy i.e.70.51 Percent among the districts of
Hyderabad Karnataka region. Yadgir is having the lowest literacy rate
i.e.51.83 percent. The male and female literacy rate is not uniform
among the districts of Hyderabad Karnataka region. Bidar again leads
with 79.09 percent of male literacy and 61.55 percent female literacy,
where as Yadgir lags behind with 62.25 percent of male literacy and
41.38 percent of female literacy.

189
 Graph-4.6
Level of Literacy Rate in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

Table-4.7
Literates in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

% to Total
SL. Male Female Total Literates
Districts
No. Literates Literates Literates of the
Region

1. Bellary 813440 608181 1421621 22.96

2. Bidar 597198 445475 1042673 16.84

Kalaburagi
3. 828359 599009 1427368 23.06
(Gulbarga)

4. Yadgir 306751 203252 510003 8.24

5. Raichur 577213 402556 979769 15.83

6. Koppal 468785 340300 809085 13.07

H.K. Region 3591746 2598773 6190519 100.00

State Total 22508471 18138851 40647322

Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics
and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance 2013-14, P.81.

190
 The above table 4.7 shows the literates in Hyderabad Karnataka
region. Out of 3591746 male literates, the highest literates belonged to
Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) districts i.e.828359 and the lowest is Yadgir
district i.e.306751. Out of 2598773 female literates, the highest
literates belonged to Bellary district i.e. 608181 and the lowest are in
Yadagir district i.e.203252. Total Hyderabad Karnataka region
literates are 6190519 in that highest literates are 1427368 in
Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) district and lowest literates are in Yadgir district
with 510003.
Graph-4.7
Literates in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

4.8. Agriculture:
Agriculture is the main economic activity of the majority of
people in Hyderabad Karnataka region. The state of agriculture
development in Hyderabad Karnataka region could be understood by
analyzing various factors reflected in agriculture sectors such as
utilization of land, cropping pattern, development of irrigation and
land holding pattern.

191
 4.8.1. Land Utilization:
The land is a finite resource and there are conflicting and
competing demands on it. The land is a fixed asset, plays an
important role both in the rural and urban area. Landholder should
have an authentic and tamper-proof record of the land. In India since
time immemorial, rules have been mapping land in various purposes
like a collection of taxes, military purposes, demarcating political
boundaries, settling disputes etc. The following table shows the land
utilization in HKR.

Table-4.8
Land Utilization Pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(In Hectares)
Districts Total
Sl.
Particulars Kalaburagi H.K.
No. Bellary Bidar Yadgir Raichur Koppal
(Gulbarga) Region
241431
1. Forest 97017 27707 35316 33773 18167 29451
(2.80)
Non- 259885
2. 110291 22006 38420 29602 20563 39003
agricultural (3.00)
118923
3. Barren Land 53477 19127 35113 27972 20084 16627
(1.39)
Cultivable 69303
4. 24839 19382 9417 2385 10712 2568
waste land (0.90)
Permanent 91537
5. 5472 13964 25855 11755 19816 14675
Pasture (1.10)
Trees and 30267
6. 3606 10915 1131 721 13684 210
Grover (0.54)
Current 454950
7. 62941 34189 22242 82815 172659 80104
fallow land (5.30)
Other fallow 104929
8. 13374 33751 2624 5129 50051 -
land (1.25)
Net area 2928805
9. 442179 360724 924002 321936 510107 369857
sown (33.64)
More than
712684
10. once area 139690 63243 137755 88873 152538 130585
(8.21)
sown
Total
3641489
11. Cropped 581869 423967 1061757 410809 662645 500442
(41.87)
area
Total
8707680
Geographical 1534755 1028975 2293632 1015770 1651026 1183522
(100)
Area
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department, A
Hand Book of Karnataka 2015, PP.195-197.
Note: Figures in brackets is shown percentage.

192
 The above table-4.8 focuses on land utilization pattern in
Hyderabad Karnataka region. Out of total geographical area, 41.87
percent belongs to total cropped area, 33.64 percent are net area sown
for the agriculture purpose. The area which is used for the non-
agriculture purpose is only 3 percent. About 2.80 percent of land is
forest and 1.39 percent is barren land.

Graph: 4.8
Land Utilization Pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
45 41.87
40
33.64
35
30
25
20
15
10 8.21
5.3
5 2.8 3 1.39 0.9 1.1 0.54 1.25
0

Total H.K. Region

4.8.2. Cropping Pattern:

Cropping pattern of this region varies from district to district.
Kharif and Rabi's crops are the two seasons in which crops are grown.
Summer cultivation is done only in the small area with assured
irrigation. Area under different crops in the study area is shown in
table 4.9

193
 Table-4.9
Area Under Different Crops in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(In Hectares)
Districts % to Total
SL.
Crops Kalaburagi Total Cropped
No Bellary Bidar Yadgir Raichur Koppal
(Gulbagra) Area
1. Paddy 109148 4937 4564 62530 151707 76880 409766 12.66
2. Jowar 37996 64740 200540 58176 109203 57631 528286 16.33
3. Bajra 20897 5109 15565 21183 52357 71347 186458 5.76
4. Maize 109117 2716 5812 643 650 55909 174847 5.40
5. Ragi 4235 0 0 0 0 0 4235 0.13
6. Wheat 576 6875 11273 1098 2332 6540 28694 0.89
7. Tur 5127 68625 340116 61773 31072 7769 514482 15.91
8. Horse Gram 3553 0 434 249 733 6681 11650 0.36
9. Black Gram 17 44230 31173 1251 0 66 76737 2.37
10. Green Gram 218 42863 22909 24232 530 2163 92915 2.87
11. Avare 11 887 193 75 0 281 1447 0.05
12. Cowpea 1958 123 267 98 139 2737 5322 0.16
13. Bengal Gram 60890 47002 158986 15711 109537 63187 455313 14.07
14. Others Pulses 105 878 84 18 35 549 1669 0.05
15. Cotton 66953 547 39524 59706 53360 9229 229319 7.09
16. Sugar Cane 11621 36676 36769 1787 422 5395 92670 2.86
17. Ground Nut 60124 1112 4570 32809 43532 32361 174508 5.39
18. Sun Flower 38870 4682 43128 2099 67767 53698 210244 6.50
19. Saf Flower 371 11442 5103 881 1350 1208 20355 0.63
20. Castor 572 0 11 30 707 332 1652 0.05
21. Sesamum 85 3086 5695 134 968 3402 13370 0.42
22. Linsed 38 524 262 3 38 777 1642 0.05
Total 532482 347054 926978 344486 626439 458142 3235581 100.00
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Karnataka at a glance 2013-14, pp 30-33.

194
 Table 4.9 reveals the Area Under Different Crops in Hyderabad Karnataka Region. Jawar is the main crop in the
entire region with a highest of 16.33 percent followed by tur 15.91 percent, Bengal gram 14.07 percent and paddy
12.66 percent. Sugarcane, cotton is the important cash crops grown in the command area of Karanja, Krishna and
Tungabhadra projects.
Graph-4.9
Area Under Different Crops in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
18
16.33 15.91
16
14.07
14 12.66
12
10
8 7.09
6.5
5.76 5.4 5.39
6
4
2.37 2.87 2.86
2 0.89 0.63
0.13 0.36 0.05 0.16 0.05 0.05 0.42 0.05
0

% to Total Cropped Area

195
 4.8.3. Land Holding Pattern:
The land holding pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka region is
analyzed with the help of the following table 4.10.
Table-4.10
Land Holding Pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

No. of No. of
Large
No. of Small Semi- Medium
Land land
SL. Marginal Land medium Total
Districts Landholding Land holding holding land
No. holding (More
(below 1 holding (4 to 10 holdings
(1 to 2 than 10
hectare) (2 to 4 hectare)
hectare) hectare) hectares)

1. Bellary 96121 76110 55544 29828 4347 261950

2. Bidar 67543 92081 57165 19035 2585 238409

3. Kalaburagi
128335 203718 161974 71044 10722 575793
(Gulbarga)

4. Yadgir - - - - - -

5. Raichur 84329 100789 76966 36969 5277 304330

6. Koppal 57358 71046 54988 22283 2803 208478

Total H.K. 433686 543744 406637 179159 25734 1588960

Region (27.29) (34.22) (25.59) (11.28) (1.62) (100)

State Total 3655882 2013198 1278210 554128 79455 7580873

Note: Figures in the parenthesis indicates percentage to the total land
holding in the region
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Karnataka at a glance,
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, 2009-10.
Note: Yadgir is not available newly formed district in 2010

The above table shows that the land holding pattern in

Hyderabad Karnataka region. It is evident that about 34.22 percent
landholding is between 1-2 hectares and only 1.62 percent is large
landholding. It indicates that small and marginal farmers are large in
number due to sub-division and fragmentation.

196
 Graph-4.10
Land Holding Pattern in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

4.8.4. Irrigation Development:

Hyderabad Karnataka region is mainly dry area. Agricultural
activities in this region are dependent on rain. Therefore, improvement
of agriculture in this region depends on the development of irrigation
facilities. In the post-independence period, government has laid much
stress on the development of irrigation in the country. Hyderabad
Karnataka Region is no exception to this. A number of small, medium
and major irrigation projects have come up in the region. But still out
of net area shown 2928805 hectares only 33.64 percent of the land is
irrigated. The table-4.11 gives the idea about the source wise
irrigation facilities in the Hyderabad Karnataka region.

197
 Table-4.11
District-Wise Sources Irrigation Facilities in Hyderabad
Karnataka Region
(Net Irrigation in Hectares)

Sources of Irrigation
SL.
Districts Bore Total
No. Canals Tank Wells Other
wells

1 Bellary 93090 1640 2951 97282 18173 213136

2. Bidar 1121 562 20003 32316 -4740 49262

Kalaburagi
3. 35684 692 32005 29660 8094 106135
(Gulbarga)

4. Yadgir 104307 2739 7833 12435 5249 132563

5. Raichur 186526 990 11373 16545 4171 219605

6. Koppal - - - 33195 -10057 23138

420728 6623 74165 221433 20890 743839

H.K. Region
(56.56) (0.89) (9.97) (29.77) (2.81) (100)
Note: Figure in brackets indicates percent to the total net irrigated area.
Source: Compiled from Government of Karnataka, Gazetteer Department, A
Hand Book of Karnataka 2015, P.817

From the above table it is evident that Canals are the most
important source of irrigation in the Hyderabad Karnataka region. The
area irrigated by canals is 56.56 percent of net irrigated area. This is
due to the implementation of major irrigation projects like Karanja,
Upper Krishna Project and Tungabhadra projects in the region.
Through borewells and wells only 29.77 percent and 9.97 percent is
irrigated respectively.

198
 Graph-4.11
District-Wise Source of Irrigation Facilities in Hyderabad
Karnataka Region

4.9. Industrial Development:

As for as industrial development is concerned Hyderabad
Karnataka region is too backward, at present, there are only 1349
industrial units, working in the region which includes large scale
industries. Though, Hyderabad Karnataka region is endowed with rich
mineral resources viz., iron ore, limestone, copper etc., they have not
been fully exploited. Only a few large scale cement units have come in
Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) district. Otherwise, rest of the region is
industrially backward Table-4.12 shows the district wise industrial
units and employees in Hyderabad Karnataka region.

199
 Table-4.12
District-Wise Industrial Units and Employees in H.K. Region

No. of Industries

Engineering
Readymade

Chemicals
Garments
SL.

Textiles

Others
Sugar
Districts Employees

Total
No

3 0 7 0 2 453 465 58535

1. Bellary
(34.47) (48.18)
132 8725
2. Bidar 0 0 36 25 4 67
(9.79) (7.18)
Kalaburagi 130 18253
3. 0 1 7 23 3 96
(Gulbarga) (9.64) (15.02)
66 2405
4. Yadagir 0 0 1 8 1 56
(4.89) (1.98)
340 15536
5. Raichur 1 1 20 8 0 310
(25.20) (12.79)
216 18045
6. Koppal 0 0 3 0 0 213
(16.01) (14.85)
Total 1349 121499
4 2 74 64 10 1195
H.K. Region (100) (100)
Source: Compiled from Karnataka at a Glance, Directorate of Economic and
Statistics. The government of Karnataka, Bangalore, 2013-14, PP.59-67.
Note: Figure in brackets indicates percentage to the total.

The above table shows that out of 1349 industries in Hyderabad

Karnataka region Bellary district is having 465 industries(i.e.34.47
percent) and the highest number of employees are working in this
district only i.e.58535(i.e.48.18 percent). Yadgir district is having the
lowest number of industries i.e.66 (4.89 percent) and a number of
employees working in this district are 2405 (i.e.1.98 percent).

200
 Graph-4.12
District-Wise Industrial Units and Employees in H.K. Region

4.10. Educational Development:

The educational development in the region during the recent
period has been reasonably good. The number of educational
institutions and enrolment of students at all levels shows a steady
growth. The number of primary schools as on 30.09.2013 was 11355
and that of high schools 2592, PU colleges 744, Polytechnic colleges
57, Degree colleges 110, Engineering colleges 18 and Medical colleges
23 with total 14899 of educational institutions are working in
Hyderabad Karnataka region to impart the quality education for the
people of this area.

201
 Table-4.13
Educational Development in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
Districts

Kalaburagi
(Gulbarga)
Total

Raichur
Sl. Educational

Bellary

Koppal
Yadgir
Bidar
HK
No Institutions
Region

Primary 11355
1. 1973 2069 2791 1212 1996 1314
Schools (76.21)
2592
2. High Schools 484 497 730 213 398 270
(17.40)
744
3. PU Colleges 131 145 212 53 130 73
(5.00)
Polytechnic 57
4. 14 6 16 5 10 6
Colleges (0.38)
Degree 110
5. 21 23 33 6 13 14
Colleges (0.74)
Engineering 18
6. 4 4 6 1 3 0
Colleges (0.12)
Medical 23
7. 4 5 8 0 5 1
Colleges (0.15)
2631 2744 3796 1490 2555 1678 14899
Total (17.70) (18.41) (25.48) (10.00) (17.15) (11.15) (100)
Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance 2013-14, PP.83-98.

The above table focused on educational development in

Hyderabad Karnataka Region. Out of 14899, the highest educational
institutions are found in Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) district i.e.3796 and
the lowest are in Yadgir district i.e.1490.

202
 Graph-4.13
Educational Development in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

4.11. Banking Development:

Hyderabad Karnataka has a good network of bank branches.
There are the highest numbers of Public Sector Banks, Regional Rural
Banks and Private sector banks branches located in Bellary district
i.e., 154, 78 and 29. Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) and Raichur district 52
private sector banks each respectively. Yadgir district is covered with
the lowest number of banks in the region i.e. 45 Public Sector Banks
26 Regional Rural Banks and 19 Private Sector Banks.

203
 Table-4.14
Banking Development in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(In Numbers)
Public Regional Privates
SL.
Districts Sector Rural Sector Total
No.
Banks Banks Banks
1. Bellary 154 78 29 261
2. Bidar 78 49 16 143
Kalaburagi
3. 109 57 52 218
(Gulbarga)
4. Yadgir 45 26 19 90
5. Raichur 99 47 52 198
6. Koppal 66 30 36 132
Total H.K.
551 287 204 1042
Region
Total State 5260 1456 2836 9552
Source: Government of Karnataka, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
Bangalore, Karnataka at a Glance 2013-14, P.69.

Graph-4.14
Banking Development in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

204
4.12. Human Development Index:
The Human Development Index for the Hyderabad Karnataka
region (table-4.15) shows that there is a disparity among the districts
of Hyderabad Karnataka region. Bellary district with the HDI score of
0.617 is the developed district in the Hyderabad Karnataka region
where as Raichur district with the HDI score of 0.547 is the backward
district in the region.
Table-4.15
Human Development Index for the Hyderabad Karnataka
Region

Income Education Health Rank

SL.
Districts HDI HDI
No Index Index Index Report
0.549 0.618 0.685
1. Bellary 0.617 18
(9) (23) (7)
0.470 0.689 0.638
2. Bidar 0.599 21
(26) (17) (17)
0.490 0.572 0.632
3. Gulbarga 0.564 26
(25) (25) (20)
4. Yadgir - - - - -
0.469 0.524 0.648
5. Raichur 0.547 27
(27) (27) (14)
0.529 0.576 0.642
6. Koppal 0.582 24
(14) (24) (16)
Source: Government of Karnataka, Human Development in Karnataka
Report, 2005 and Economic Survey of Karnataka2014-15,P.508
Note: Yadgir is not available newly formed the district in 2010.
Figures in bracket indicate rank to the district.

The above table-4.15 reveals that socio-economic conditions in

the Hyderabad Karnataka region are poor. The economy is mainly
agro based. Though the region has been endowed with rich mineral
resources they have not been fully exploited. The infrastructural base
of the region is very poor. As a result, both primary and secondary
sector activities are lagging behind thereby leading to poverty,
unemployment illiteracy.

205
 Graph-4.15
Human Development Index for the Hyderabad Karnataka
Region

4.13. Infrastructure Facilities:

Infrastructure is essential for the socio-economic development
of an area. Development of infrastructure facilities are considered
important, as it provides a base for the developmental activity and
stimulates industrial activity by locating industrial undertaking. The
transport, communication, health and education facilities will have a
positive impact on the progress of the area.

206
 Table-4.16
Infrastructure Facilities in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
Districts Total
SL.
Particulars Kalaburagi H.K.
No. Bellary Bidar Yadagir Raichur Koppal Region
(Gulbarga)
No. of post
offices per
1. 384 305 428 195 286 219 1817
100 Sq.
Kms.
No. of
2. 626 400 749 252 553 365 2945
Hospitals
No. of
PHC’s per
3. 55 51 91 42 50 45 334
100 Sq.
Kms.
No. of
Hospital
4. beds per 2590 1950 2342 692 2074 1086 10734
50,000
population
No. of
Telephones
5. 29279 16777 27816 3793 14069 11511 103245
per 50,000
population
Source: Compiled from Karnataka at a Glance, 2013-14, PP.99-101.

The above table reveals the infrastructure facilities in

Hyderabad Karnataka region. Out of 1817 post offices,
Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) district is having the highest number (i.e.428) of
post offices and the lowest is (i.e.195) in Yadgir district. Out of 2945
hospitals working in Hyderabad Karnataka region the highest number
of hospitals is in Kalaburagi (Gulbarga) district, i.e.749 and lowest is
252 are in the Yadgir district. Out of 334 Primary Health Centres,
Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) district is having the highest number of primary
health centres i.e.91 and the lowest is i.e.42 are in Yadgir district. In
terms of hospital beds, Bellary district is having the highest number of
hospital beds i.e.2590 and the lowest is in Yadgir district (i.e. 692).
Out of 103245 telephones, Bellary district is having the highest
number of telephone connectivities i.e.29279 and the lowest telephone
connectivity is in Yadgir district i.e.3793.

207
 Graph-4.16
Infrastructure Facilities in Hyderabad Karnataka Region

4.14. Per Capita Income:

Per Capita Income is a measure of the amount of money that is
being earned per person in a certain area. Income per capita can
apply to the average per-person income for a city, region or country
and is used as a means of evaluating the living conditions and quality
of life in different areas. It can be calculated for a country by dividing
the country's national income by its population.

Per capita income is estimated by dividing NSDP at current

prices with mid-financial year projected population. Per Capita State
Income (i.e. per capita NSDP) of Karnataka at current prices is
estimated at Rs. 101594 during 2014-15, against Rs. 89545 in 2013-
14, an increase of 13.5%.

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 Table-4.17
District Wise Per Capita Income in Hyderabad Karnataka
Region For the Year 2012-13
(In rupees)
Sl. Per Capita % to the Total
District
No Income Region
1. Bellary 74,554 22.12

2. Bidar 45,282 13.44

3. Kalaburagi(Gulbarga) 48,329 14.34

4. Yadgir 38,097 11.31

5. Raichur 47,752 14.17

6. Koppal 82,954 24.62

H.K. Region 3,36,968 100.00

Source: Economic Survey of Karnataka 2014-15, P.16.

The above table reveals the district wise per capita income in
Hyderabad Karnataka region. Out of Rs.3,36,968 total per capita
income of Hyderabad Karnataka region. Koppal district is having the
highest per capita income of Rs.82,954 (i.e.24.62 percent) and the
lowest district in per capita income is Yadgir with Rs.38,097(i.e. 11.31
percent).
Graph-4.17
District Wise Per Capita Income in Hyderabad Karnataka
Region For the Year 2012-13
120
100
100

80

60

40
22.12 24.62
20 13.44 14.34 11.31 14.17

0
Bellary Bidar Gulbarga Yadgir Raichur Koppal H.K.Region

% to the Total Region

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 4.15. Transportation:
Transportation moves people and goods from one place to
another using a variety of vehicles across different infrastructure
systems. It does this using not only technology (namely vehicles,
energy and infrastructure), but also peoples time and effort producing
not only the desired outputs of passenger trips and freight shipments
but also adverse outcomes such as air pollution, noise, congestion,
crashes, injuries and fatalities. The transportation facilities in
Hyderabad Karnataka region are shown in the table 4.18.

Table-4.18
Transportation Facilities in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
(In KM)

Districts Total
Sl.
Particulars H.K.
No. Bellary Bidar Gulbarga Yadagir Raichur Koppal Region

National 707
1 193.00 115.00 147.00 68.00 58.00 126.00
Highway (1.76)

State 5158.88
2. 1016.06 693.10 1309.51 488.77 949.62 701.82
Highway (12.86)

Major 8182.2
3. District 1804.54 877.08 1308.95 1506.81 1478.95
Road 1205.87 (20.39)

Major 161
4. 21 24 33 14 43 26
Bridges (0.40)

10567.53
5. Pakka Road 2145.43 1879.97 2376.99 1299.05 1759.28 1106.81
(26.33)

Water
Bound 2579.77
6. 459.28 280.5 467.34 238.58 628.46 505.61
Macadam (6.43)
Road

12773.18
7. Kacha Road 2653.24 1401.08 3658.96 834.37 2290.82 1934.71
(31.83)

8292.55 5270.73 9301.75 4148.64 7235.99 5879.9 40129.56

Total
(20.66) (13.13) (23.18) (10.34) (18.03) (14.65) (100)

Source: Compiled from Karnataka at a Glance, 2013-14, PP.78-79.

Note: Figures are parenthesis percentages to row total.

210
 The above table indicates the transportation facilities in
Hyderabad Karnataka region. Out of 40129.56 km road length in the
HK region, 707 km is national highway (i.e.1.76 percent), 5158.88 km
is the state highway (i.e.12.86 percent) and 8182.2 kms (i.e. 20.39
percent) are the major district roads, 10567.53 km (i.e.26.33 percent)
is the pakka road.

Graph-4.18
Transportation Facilities in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
35 31.83
30 26.33
25 20.39
20
15 12.86
10 6.43
5 1.76 0.4
0
National State Major Major Pakka Water Kacha
Highway Highway District Bridges Road Bound Road
Road Macadam
Road

% of Total HK Region

4.16. Conclusion:
The profile of Hyderabad Karnataka region reveals that the
region is situated in the northern part of Karnataka state. The climate
is mostly semi-arid. The region has good mineral resource bases.
Agriculture is the mainstay of the population. However, due to heavy
dependency on rain, subdivision and fragmentation of agricultural
land and lack of diversification in the cropping pattern, have
hampered the agriculture development. Though the region has been
endowed with valuable natural resources, such as gold, manganese,
iron ore, limestone etc., their exploitation is not up to the mark, due
to the poor industrial base. On the contrary, the region has good
potential for the development of agro-based industries, so these

211
industries are to be developed from the point of view of providing
employment opportunities to the masses of the region. The
infrastructure facilities have also not been developed properly. Thus,
the region has all the characters of an underdeveloped area. Due to
poor economic conditions of the people working in this area they are
unable to undertake investment activities.

REFERENCES:
1. www.bellary.nic.in
2. www.bidar.nic.in
3. www.gulbarga.nic.in
4. www.yadgir.nic.in
5. www.raichur.nic.in
6. www.koppal.nic.in
7. S. Vijaya Kumar (2012),“2011 Census- A Review” Kurushetra,
Vol.60. No.9, July, pp.12.
8. The Government of India (2013-14), Handbook of Statistics on
the Indian Economy.
9. The government of Karnataka (2015), A HANDBOOK OF
KARNATAKA, Karnataka Gazetteer Department, A Government
of Karnataka Publication, Bengaluru.
10. The government of Karnataka (2013-14), Annual Administration
Report, Department of Directorate Economics & Statistics,
Bangalore.
11. The government of Karnataka (2015), Report of ECONOMIC
SURVEY OF KARNATAKA 2014-15, Department of Planning,
Programme Monitoring & Statistics, 37th Edition, March.
12. The government of Karnataka (2013-14), Directorate of
Economics and Statistics, Bangalore, Karnataka at A Glance-
2014.
13. The government of Karnataka (2010), Gazetteer Department, A
Hand Book of Karnataka.
14. The government of Karnataka (2011) Human Development
Report.

212
15. The government of India (2010) INDIA 2010, A REFERENCE
ANNUAL, Additional Director General (incharge), Published by
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 54th Edition, New
Delhi.
16. www.des.kar.nic.in.
17. www.mapsofinida.com

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