CHAPTER – 39

ALTERNATING CURRENT

1.  = 50 Hz
 = 0 Sin Wt
0
Peak value  =
2
0
= 0 Sin Wt
2
1 
 = Sin Wt = Sin
2 4
   1 1
 = Wt. or, t = = = = = 0.0025 s = 2.5 ms
4 400 4  2  8 8  50
2. Erms = 220 V
Frequency = 50 Hz
E
(a) Erms = 0
2
 E0 = Erms 2 = 2 × 220 = 1.414 × 220 = 311.08 V = 311 V
(b) Time taken for the current to reach the peak value = Time taken to reach the 0 value from r.m.s
 
 = 0  0 = 0 Sin t
2 2

 t =
4
   1
t= = = = = 2.5 ms
4 4  2f 850 400
3. P = 60 W V = 220 V = E
v2 220  220
R= = = 806.67
P 60
0 = 2 E = 1.414 × 220 = 311.08
0 806.67
0 = = = 0.385 ≈ 0.39 A
R 311.08
4. E = 12 volts
i2 Rt = i2rms RT
2
E2 E 2 rms
E0 2
 2
=
2
E =
R R 2
2 2 2 2
 E0 = 2E  E0 = 2 × 12 = 2 × 144
 E0 = 2  144 = 16.97 ≈ 17 V
5. P0 = 80 W (given)
P
Prms = 0 = 40 W
2
Energy consumed = P × t = 40 × 100 = 4000 J = 4.0 KJ
6 2
6. E = 3 × 10 V/m, A = 20 cm , d = 0.1 mm
Potential diff. across the capacitor = Ed = 3 × 106 × 0.1 × 10–3 = 300 V
V 300
Max. rms Voltage = = = 212 V
2 2

39.1
 Alternating Current
–ur
7. i = i0e
 
 
2 2
1 i 2 i0    i 
i2 =
 
i0 2 e  2 t /  dt = 0
0
 
0
e  2 t /  dt =   e  2t /   =  0   e  2  1
 2 0  2

i0 2  1  i  e 2  1
i2 =   2  1 = 0  
2 e  e  2 
 
–6 –5
8. C = 10 F = 10 × 10 F = 10 F
E = (10 V) Sin t
E E0 10 –3
a)  = 0 = = = 1 × 10 A
Xc  1   1 
   
 C   10  10 5 
b)  = 100 s–1
E0 10 –2
= = = 1 × 10 A = 0.01 A
 1   1 
   
 C   100  10 5 
c)  = 500 s–1
E0 10 –2
= = = 5 × 10 A = 0.05 A
 1   1 
   
 C   500  10 5 
d)  = 1000 s–1
E0 10 –1
 = = 1 × 10 A = 0.1 A
 1   1 
   
 C   1000  10 5 
9. Inductance = 5.0 mH = 0.005 H
–1
a)  = 100 s
5
XL = L = 100 × = 0.5 Ω
1000
 10
i= 0 = = 20 A
XL 0 .5
–1
b)  = 500 s
5
XL = L = 500 × = 2.5 Ω
1000
0 10
i= = =4A
XL 2 .5
–1
c)  = 1000 s
5
XL = L = 1000 × =5Ω
1000
0 10
i= = =2A
XL 5
10. R = 10 Ω, L = 0.4 Henry
30
E = 6.5 V, = Hz

Z= R 2  XL 2 = R 2  (2L)2
Power = Vrms rms cos 
6 .5 R 6.5  6.5  10 6.5  6.5  10 6.5  6.5  10 5
= 6.5 ×  = = = = 0.625 = 
Z Z  R 2  (2L )2 
2
 30 
2 100  576 8
10 2   2   0 .4 
    
39.2
 Alternating Current

V2
11. H = T, E0 = 12 V,  = 250 , R = 100 Ω
R
2
H E 0 Sin 2 t 144  1  cos 2t 
H=  0
dH =  R
dt =
100 
sin 2 t dt = 1.44   2
 dt

1.44  10
3
10 3    Sin2t  103 
= 
2 0
dt  
0


Cos2t dt  = 0.72 10  3  
  2  0
 

 1 1  (   2) –4
= 0.72    =  0.72 = 0.0002614 = 2.61 × 10 J
1000 500   1000 
–6
12. R = 300Ω, C = 25 F = 25 × 10 F, 0 = 50 V,  = 50 Hz
1 1 10 4
Xc = = =
c 50 25
 2  25  10  6

2
 10 4 
Z= 2
R  Xc 2
= (300)  
2  = (300)2  ( 400 )2 = 500
 25 
 
E0 50
(a) Peak current = = = 0.1 A
Z 500
(b) Average Power dissipitated, = Erms rms Cos 
E0 E0 R E 2 50  50  300 3
=   = 02 = = = 1.5 .
2 2Z Z 2Z 2  500  500 2
V2 110  110
13. Power = 55 W, Voltage = 110 V, Resistance = = = 220 Ω
P 55
frequency () = 50 Hz, = 2 = 2 × 50 = 100 
R L
V V
Current in the circuit = =
Z R 2  ( L ) 2
110 V
VR
Voltage drop across the resistor = ir = –
R 2  ( L ) 2 220 V

220  220
= = 110
(220 )2  (100 L )2
2 2 2
 220 × 2 = (220)2  (100 L)2  (220) + (100L) = (440)
4 2 2 4 2 2
 48400 + 10  L = 193600  10  L = 193600 – 48400
2 142500
L = 2 = 1.4726  L = 1.2135 ≈ 1.2 Hz 
  10 4
–6
14. R = 300 Ω, C = 20 F = 20 × 10 F
50
L = 1 Henry, E = 50 V V= Hz

E
(a) 0 = 0 ,
Z
2
 1 
Z= R 2  ( X c  XL ) 2 = (300)2    2L 
 2  C 
2
 
 1 50   10 4 
2

= (300 )2    2   1 = (300 )  
2
 100  = 500
 50    20 
 2   20  10  6 
  
E0 50
0 = = = 0.1 A
Z 500
39.3
 Alternating Current
(b) Potential across the capacitor = i0 × Xc = 0.1 × 500 = 50 V
Potential difference across the resistor = i0 × R = 0.1 × 300 = 30 V
Potential difference across the inductor = i0 × XL = 0.1 × 100 = 10 V
Rms. potential = 50 V
Net sum of all potential drops = 50 V + 30 V + 10 V = 90 V
Sum or potential drops > R.M.S potential applied.
15. R = 300 Ω
–6
C = 20 F = 20 × 10 F
L = 1H, Z = 500 (from 14)
E 50
0 = 50 V, 0 = 0 = = 0.1 A
Z 500
2 –6 –3
Electric Energy stored in Capacitor = (1/2) CV = (1/2) × 20 × 10 × 50 × 50 = 25 × 10 J = 25 mJ
2 2 –3
Magnetic field energy stored in the coil = (1/2) L 0 = (1/2) × 1 × (0.1) = 5 × 10 J = 5 mJ
16. (a)For current to be maximum in a circuit
Xl = Xc (Resonant Condition)
1
 WL =
WC
2 1 1 10 6
W = = =
LC 2  18  10  6 36
10 3 10 3
W=  2 =
6 6
1000
= = 26.537 Hz ≈ 27 Hz
6  2
E
(b) Maximum Current = (in resonance and)
R
20 2
= 3
= A = 2 mA
10  10 10 3
17. Erms = 24 V
r = 4 Ω, rms = 6 A
E 24
R= = =4Ω
 6
Internal Resistance = 4 Ω
Hence net resistance = 4 + 4 = 8 Ω
12
 Current = = 1.5 A
8 10 Ω
–3
18. V1 = 10 × 10 V
3 V1
R = 1 × 10 Ω 10 nF V0
–9
C = 10 × 10 F
1 1 1 1 10 4 5000
(a) Xc = = = 9
= 4
= =
WC 2  C 3
2  10  10  10  10 2  10 2  

1 10 
2 2
3 2  5000   5000 
Z= R 2  Xc 2 =   = 10 6   
     
E0 V 10  10 3
0 = = 1 =
Z Z 2
 5000 
10 6   
  

39.4
 Alternating Current

1 1 1 1 10 3 500
(b) Xc = = = 
= 
= =
WC 2  C 5
2  10  10  10 9
2  10 3 2 

10 
2 2
3 2  500   500 
Z= R 2  Xc 2 =   = 10 6   
     
E0 V 10  10 3
0 = = 1 =
Z Z 2
 500 
10 6   
  
10  10 3 500
V0 = 0 Xc =  = 1.6124 V ≈ 1.6 mV
2 
 500 
10 6   
  
6
(c)  = 1 MHz = 10 Hz
1 1 1 1 10 2 50
Xc = = = 
= 
= =
WC 2  C 6
2  10  10  10 9
2  10 2 2 

10 
2 2
3 2  50   50 
Z= R 2  Xc 2 =   = 10 6   
     
E0 V 10  10 3
0 = = 1 =
Z Z 2
 50 
10 6   
  
10  10 3 50
V0 = 0 Xc =  ≈ 0.16 mV
2 
 50 
10 6   
  
7
(d)  = 10 MHz = 10 Hz
1 1 1 1 10 5
Xc = = = 
= 
= =
WC 2  C 7
2  10  10  10 9
2  10 1 2 

10 
2 2
3 2 5 5
Z= R 2  Xc 2 =   = 10 6   
 
E0 V 10  10 3
0 = = 1 =
Z Z 2
5
10 6   

10  10 3 5
V0 = 0 Xc =  ≈ 16 V
2 
5
10 6   

19. Transformer works upon the principle of induction which is only possible in
case of AC.
Hence when DC is supplied to it, the primary coil blocks the Current supplied
to it and hence induced current supplied to it and hence induced Current in the P1 Sec
secondary coil is zero.



39.5