Ce ee oe ee ee Sati ae t & tae — = esSe LRS OUTLINE OF THEORY AND PROBLEMS OF MODERN PHYSICS SECOND EDITION RONALD GAUTREAU, Ph.D. Professor of Physics New Jersey Institute of Technology WILLIAM SAVIN, Ph.D. Professor of Physics New Jersey Institute of Technology SCHAUM’S OUTLINE SERIES McGRAW-HILL New York Son Francisco Washington, DC. Auckland Bogoté Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico lan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney ‘Tokyo TorontoABOUT THE AUTHORS Ronald Gautreau, PhD. and William Savin, Ph.D. are Profescoes of Physics at New Jersey Tastitute of Technology. Gautreau has received several "Excellence in Tesching” awards and has authored several university handbcoks and study guides for physics, Savin hus received numerous ‘grants for “technology in education” projets since 1981 Schautn’s Outtne of Theory and Problems of MODERN PHYSICS, secon euiton Copyright © 1999 by The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed inthe United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, Ho pat of this publication may be reproduced or cisibuted in any frm ee by any means. oF sere i dat base or retrieval system, without the prior writen permission ofthe publisher 1234567891011 12 13 14 15 16.17 18 19 20 PRS PRS HO9K7ES432100 ISAN 007-0040. ‘Sponsoring Editor: Barbara Gilson Froction Supervisor. Elizabeth Strange EEding Superson: Patricia V. Amoroso Project Supervision: Techset Composition Limited Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for McGraw-Hill 2 ‘A Division of The McGraw Hill Compan: