Mobile Radio Networks 2

Exercise 1
Petri Mähönen and Ping Ren
11.04.2019 1

1. Multiple access schemes are used to allow many mobile users to share
simultaneously a finite amount of radio spectrum. FDMA, TDMA and
CDMA are the major access techniques used to share available band-
width in wireless communication systems. Answer the following ques-
tions:

(a) Explain the notion of channel for each of the following schemes:
FDMA, TDMA and CDMA. [1.5 p.]
(b) What is a spread spectrum technique? Give some examples of such
techniques. [2 p.]
(c) What is the difference between CDMA and the direct sequence spread
spectrum technique (DSSS) notions? [1 p.]

2. (a) What is the processing gain (or spreading factor) in dB for a DSSS
system with a data rate of 30 kbps and a chip rate of 3.84 Mchip/s?
[1 p.]
(b) What is the primary benefit resulting from a high processing gain?
[1 p.]

3. Consider a CDMA system with three users, i.e. A, B and C. Let the users
have the codes:
A: CA = h+1, +1, −1, −1, +1, +1, −1, −1i,
B: CB = h+1, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1i,
C: CC = h−1, −1, +1, +1, −1, −1, +1, +1i.
When a user wants to send a ’+1’ it transmits its code, and for ’−1’ it
transmits the complement of its code.

(a) Are the codes of this system orthogonal to each other? [1.5 p.]
(b) At some occasion the three users send two bits each. If the base
station receives the chip pattern:
d = h+3, +1, −1, −3, +3, +1, −1, −3, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1, +1i,
which two-bit sequence did each user send, if we assume error-free
transmissions? [3 p.]

Sum: 11p.

1
Due date: 17th of April before the exercise session. Submissions directly on RWTH
moodle in pdf format! Alternatively as hard copy. Please make sure to include your name
and matriculation number in the solution document.