Softswitch and Media Gateway

(MGCP/MEGACO/SS7 over IP)

陳懷恩 博士
助理教授兼資工所所長及
計算機中心資訊網路組組長
國立宜蘭大學
Email: wechen@niu.edu.tw
TEL: 03-9357400 # 255
 Outline

 Soft-switch Architecture
 MGCP (Media Gateway Control Protocol)
 MEGACO
 SS7 over IP

2
 Separation of Media and Call Control
 A network gateway has two related but separate
functions.
 Signaling conversion
 The call-control entities use signaling to communicate.
 Media conversion
 A slave function (mastered by call-control entities)
 The following figure illustrates the separation of call
control and signaling from the media path.
Network Gateway Function Network Gateway Function
E
E
x
x
t
t
e
e Signaling Signaling
Signaling over IP r
r
and Call Control and Call Control n
n
a
a Control
Control l
l and
and
Status Status N
N
e
e
Media Media t
t Signaling over IP
Conversion Conversion w
w
o
o
r
r
k
k
s
s
3
 Softswitch Architecture [1/2]

Media Gateway Controller

SIP Media Gateway Controller

Call
signaling
over IP

Control and
MGCP Status Signaling Control and MGCP
Status Signaling

Media over IP
Media Gateway
Media Gateway

Media Gateway RTP

Media Gateway

Media Gateway

4
Softswitch Architecture [2/2]

SS7 Network
Signaling
(SS7)
Internet
SCP
Gateway
SIGTRAN
STP
MGCP/
MEGACO
Call
Agent
MGCP/
MEGACO

Trunking Residential
Residential
1 2 3

Gateway Gateway
4 5 6

Trunking
7 8 9
* 8 #

CO Residential
Gateway
Trunking
1 2 3

Gateway
4 5 6
7 8 9

Switch Gateway
* 8 #

Gateway 1
4
2
5
3
6
7 8 9
* 8 #

5
MGCP Calls and Connections
 A connection
 Relationship established between a given endpoint and an RTP/IP
session
 A call
 A group of connections
 The primary function of MGCP is to enable
 The connections to be created
 The session descriptions to be exchanged between the connections

1 2 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
4 5 6
7 8 9
7 8 9
* 8 #
8 #

Connection
*

Connection
IP resource IP resource

Media over
Endpoint IP Endpoint
Gateway Gateway

Call
 MGCP Connection Establishment
(2) Select and RTP port
and connect

Call Agent
iMac

(3) OK, port number xxx

(1) Call coming in !

IP Network

Media Gateway

7
 MGCP Commands
 9 commands to handle Connection/Endpoints
EPCF  EndpointConfiguration (coding characteristics)
RQNT  NotificationRequest (requested events)
NTFY  Notify (GW: detected events)
CRCX  CreateConnection
MDCX  ModifyConnection
DLCX  DeleteConnection
AUEP  AuditEndpoint
AUCX  AuditConnection
RSIP  RestartInProgress (GW : taken in/out of service)
 All commands are acknowledged.

8
Call Setup Using MGCP
Call Agent
Media Gateway Media Gateway

iMac

Create Connection

Response
Session description 1 (local)
c
Create Connection
Session description 1 (remote)
d

Response
Session description 2 (local)
e
Modify Connection
Session description 2 (remote)

Media Transfer

9
 Call Agent
Media Gateway Media Gateway

iMac

a
CRCX 1111 EP@MGA.media.net MGCP 1.0
C:1234567
M:recvonly
b
200 1111 OK
I:AAAA
c
CRCX 2222 EP2@MGB.media.net MGCP 1.0 v=0
C:1234567 c=IN IP4 123.45.6.7
M:sendrecv m=audio 11000 RTP/AVP 0

v=0
c=IN IP4 123.45.6.7
m=audio 11000 RTP/AVP 0
d
e 200 2222 OK
I:BBBB MDCX 1112 EP@MGA.media.net MGCP 1.0
M:recvonly I:1234567
M:sendrecv
v=0
c=IN IP4 123.45.8.9 v=0
m=audio 22000 RTP/AVP 0 c=IN IP4 123.45.8.9
m=audio 22000 RTP/AVP 0
f

200 1112 OK
I: AAAA

Media Transfer

g
Interworking between MGCP and SIP
Call Agent B Call Agent A
MG B MG A

a
CRCX 11 E1@MGA.net MGCP 1.0
C:1234567
M:recvonly

b
200 11 OK
c I:AAAA
INVITE
d v=0
v=0 c=IN IP4 123.45.6.7
CRCX 22 E2@MGB.net MGCP 1.0 c-IN IP4 123.45.6.7 m=audio 11000 RTP/AVP 0
C:1234567 m=audio 11000 RTP/AVP 0
M:sendrecv

v=0
c=IN IP4 123.45.6.7
m=audio 11000 RTP/AVP 0

11
 Interworking between MGCP and SIP

e
200 22 OK
I:BBBB
f
M:recvonly
SIP/2.0 200 OK
g
v=0
v=0 MDCX 12 E1@MGA.net MGCP 1.0
c=IN IP4 123.67.8.9
c=IN IP4 123.67.8.9 I:AAAA
m=audio 22000 RTP/AVP 0
m=audio 22000 RTP/AVP 0 M:sendrecv

v=0
c=IN IP4 123.67.8.9
m=audio 22000 RTP/AVP 0
h

i
200 12 OK
I:AAAA
ACK

Media Transfer

12
 MEGACO Command Naming

MEGACO Similar Commands in MGCP

(1) Add (Termination to Context) (1) CreateConnection (Endpoint)

(2) Modify (Termination-descriptor) (2) ModifyConnection (Endpoint)

(3) Subtract (Termination) (3) DeleteConnection (Endpoint)

(4) Move (Termination)  CreateConnection + DeleteConnection

(5) AuditValue (Termination-cur) (4) AuditEndpoint

(6) AuditCapability (Termination) (NONE)

(7) Notify (Termination) (5) Notify (Endpoint)

(8) ServiceChange (Termination) (6) RestartInProgress (Endpoint)

(NONE) (7) AuditConnection

 Add, Modify, Move (8) NotificationRequest (Endpoint)

 Add, Modify, Move (9) EndpointConfiguration (Endpoint-encode)

13
MEGACO Connection Model

MGCP MEGACO

1 Endpoint Termination

2 Connection Context

Media Gateway Controller

3 Call Agent (CA)
(MGC)

14
 Concept of Context

MGCP MEGACO MGC

CA

MGCP MEGACO

MG MG
RGW RGW RTP
RTP
Context

 IP 

Endpoint IP Endpoint

Termination Termination
Connection SCN Channel  RTP Stream
established
after CRCX Add 2 Terminations into 1 context

15
 MG B MG A
322.322.1.1 311.311.1.1
322.322.1.1
T4 T3 T2 T1

a Context = ${
Add = T1, Add= $ {mode = receiveonly}}

b
Reply {Context = 1001{
Add = T1, Add = T2{
Local Descriptor}}}
c
Context = ${
Add = T4, Add= $ {Remot Descriptor}}

d Reply {Context = 2002{

Add = T4, Add= T3{Local Descriptor}}

e
Modify = 1001 {
Modify = T2{
Mode = sendreceive,
Remote descriptor}}
f
Reply {Contex = 1001{
modify = T2}}
 Introduction to SS7

 Channel Associated Signaling

 Still widely deployed today Speech and Signaling
 Considered as old telephony Switch Switch
Channel Associated Signaling

 Common Channel Signaling

 Separation of signaling and call paths Signaling
 Signaling System 7 (SS7)
 To enable a wide range of services to
be provided to the end-user Speech
 Caller ID, toll-free calling, call Switch Switch
screening, number portability, etc. Common Channel Signaling
 SS7 is the foundation for Intelligent
Network (IN) services.

17
 The Telephone Network [2/2]

 5 Basic Components in Intelligent Networks

 SSP (Service Switching Point)
 switching, service invocation
 STP (Service Transfer Point)
SCP SDP
 signal routing TCAP messages

 SCP (Service Control Point) IP

STP STP

 service logic execution

SSP SSP
 SDP (Service Data Point) ISUP messages

 subscriber data storage, access Voice

 IP (Intelligent Peripheral)
 resources such as customized voice announcement, voice
recognition, DTMF digit collection
18
SS7 Protocol Suite

OSI Layers

Application INAP MAP

Presentation
Session TCAP ISUP

Transport SCCP

Network MTP Level 3

Data Link MTP Level 2

Physical MTP Level 1

19
 MTP Levels 1 & 2
 Message Transfer Part
 Level 1
 Handling the issues related to the signals on the physical
links between one signaling node and another
 Level 2
 Dealing with the transfer of messages on a given link
from one node to another
 Providing error detection/correction and sequenced
delivery of the SS7 messages

20
 MTP Level 3
 Signaling message handling
 Providing message routing between signaling points in
the SS7 network
 Signaling network management
 Rerouting traffic to other SS7 signaling links in the case
of link failure, congestion or node failure
 Load-sharing

21
 ISUP
 ISUP: ISDN User Part
 Used as the protocol for setting up and tearing
down phone calls between switches
 Initial Address Message (IAM)
 To initiate a call between two switches
 Answer Message (ANM)
 To indicate that a call has been accepted by the called
party
 Release Message (REL)
 To initiate call disconnection

22
SCCP

 SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part

 Used as the transport layer for TCAP-based
services
 freephone (800/888), calling card, wireless roaming
 Both connection-oriented and connectionless
 Mostly connectionless signaling
 Global title translation (GTT) capabilities
 The destination signaling point and subsystem number
is determined from the global title

23
 TCAP, MAP and INAP
 TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Applications Part
 Supporting the exchange of non-circuit related
information between signaling points
 Queries and responses sent between SSPs and SCPs are
carried in TCAP messages
 INAP (IN Application Part)
 MAP (Mobile Application Part)

24
 ISUP Call Establishment and Release
• A given circuit between
two
switches is identified by a
IAM
OPC, b
IAM
DPC and CIC. c
ACM
d
ACM
e
One-way audio
f
CPG
•IAM (Initial Address Message) g
CPG
•ACM (Address Complete Message) h
•CFG (Call ProGress) i
ANM

•ANM (ANswer Message) ANM

•REL (RELease)
j
Two-way speech path
•RLC (ReLease Complete) k
REL
l
REL
m
RLC
n
RLC
Softswitch Architecture

SS7 Network Internet

Signaling
SCP (SS7) MGCP/
Gateway SIGTRAN Call MEGACO
STP Agent
MGCP/
MEGACO

Trunking Residential
Trunking
Gateway Residential
Gateway
CO Trunking RTP Residential
Gateway
Gateway
Switch Gateway Gateway

26
STP Signaling Media MGC MGC Media Signaling STP
Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway

ISUP IAM
a
IP IAM
b
ADD
c
ADD Reply
d
SIP INVITE
e
ADD
f
ADD Reply
g
IP IAM
h
ISUP IAM
i
ISUP ACM
j
ISUP ACM
k
SIP 183
l
IP ACM
m
ISUP ACM
n
ISUP ANM
o
IP ANM
p
SIP 200
q
MODIFY
r
MODIFY
s Reply
SIP ACK
t
IP ANM
u
ISUP ANM
v
w
Media Transfer