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FULL Report
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Light-Fidelity is a VLC, visible light communication technology, developed by
the team of scientists including professor Haas at the University of Edinburg and deals
with transfer of data through illumination by taking fibre out of optics by sending data
through a LED light bulb that varies in the intensity faster than a human eye can follow.
Dr Haas amazed people by streaming HD video from a standard LED lamp, at TED
Global in July 2011 and thereby coined the term Light-Fidelity. Li-Fi is now part of visible
light communication (VLC) PAN IEEE 802.15.7 standard. It can be very easily explained
as, if the LED is ON, you are transmitting the data means you transmit a digital 1 ; and if
the LED is OFF you transmit a digital 0,or null, or simply no data transfer happens. As
one can switch them on and off very frequently one can transmit data easily because the
LEDs intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eye cannot notice, so the output in
form of light appears constant and hence offering permanent connectivity. More
sophistication in the transmission techniques can further increase the data rates through
VLC. Till now it was implemented through white LED bulbs only but teams at the
University of Oxford and the University of Edinburgh are focusing on parallel data
transmission by using multiple LEDs or array of LEDs, where each LED transmits a
different stream of data. Mixtures of red, blue, green LEDs are also used by some groups
to encode different data channels by altering the light frequencies.
In simple terms we can consider it to be a light based Wi-Fi which has achieved
blistering high speed in the labs at Heinrich Hertz institute in Berlin, Germany of around
500 megabytes per second using a standard white-light LED. So quiet obviously,
modems would be replaced by transceiver fitted LED lamps which can serve both in
purposes of lightening the room as well as transmitting the data.
Light Fidelity could be classified as nm wave communication. Light Fidelity
uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) for high speed wireless communication, and speeds of
over 3 Gb/s from a single micro-light emitting diode (LED) have been demonstrated
using optimised direct current optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(DCO-OFDM) modulation. Given that there is a widespread deployment of LED
lighting in homes, offices and streetlights because of the energy-efficiency of LEDs,
there is an added benefit for LiFi cellular deployment in that it can build on existing
lighting infrastructures.
Fig.1.LiFi Environment
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE SURVEY
Capacity
Radio waves
Cost and Expensive
Less Bandwidth compared to other spectrum
Insufficient spectrum for increasing data
Efficiency
5% Efficiency
Availability
UV rays are harmful for our skin and cannot be used for long duration.
CHAPTER 3
Light-Fidelity Technology
The inconvenience in existing method is that, Wifi system provides,
1. High radiated radio waves is used for data communication between two devices.
2. Secured data transmission is not available here, even though, wps key encryption
can be a provided, it can also be hacked in many ways.
3. It also provides damage to your health as its radio wave transmission.
4. Interference of signals is also a major concern.
The Light-Fidelity will overcome these disadvantages
1. No interference on radio frequency signals as this communication totally
depends on light.
2. It is based on a simple technique of illumination cum communication.
3. Moreover data speed of this LIFI is extremely fast when compared to other
means of communication.
4. Since the communication is based on visible light which is the most used part
in electromagnetic spectrum for communication.
5. As, data transmitted through light so health problems will takes place .The
algorithm used is image compression and decompression algorithm.
Principle of Li-Fi
Heart of Li-Fi technology is high brightness LED’s. Light emitting diodes can be
switched on and off faster since operating speed of LED’s is less than 1 μs, than
the human eye can detect, causing the light source to be appear continuously.
This invisible on off activity enables a kind of data transmission using binary
codes. Switching on and LED is a logical‘1’, switching it off is a logical ‘0’.It is
possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which LED’s flicker on
and off to give different strings of 1s and 0s. Modulation is so fast that human
The goal of receiving part is to receive the image that is transmitted from the transmitted
successfully.
CHAPTER-4
METHODOLOGY
Works of Light-Fidelity
On one end all the data on the internet will be streamed to a lamp.
Lamp driver when the led is turned on the microchip converts the digital data
in form of light.
A light sensitive device (photo detector) receives the signal and converts it back
into original data. This method of using rapid pulses of light to transmit
information wirelessly is technically referred as Visible Light Communication.
Challenges of Li-Fi
Light can't pass through objects.
Interferences from external light sources like sun light, normal bulbs, and opaque
Materials in the path of transmission will cause interruption in the communication.
Li-Fi requires line of sight.
High installation cost of the VLC systems.
A major challenge facing Li-Fi is how the receiving device will transmit back to
transmitter.
Advantages of Li-Fi
Li- Fi uses light rather than radio frequency signals so are intolerant to disturbances.
High speed connectivity of the rate of 500mbps.
VLC could be used safely in aircraft without affecting airlines signals.
Integrated into medical devices and in hospitals as this technology doesn’t deal with
radio waves, so it can easily be used in all such places where
Bluetooth, infrared, Wi-Fi and internet are broadly in use.
Under water in sea Wi-Fi does not work at all but light can be used and hence
undersea explorations are good to go now with much ease.
Disadvantages of Li-Fi
Works better with fluorescent light and LEDs but very low efficiency
1. Traffic Lights: Traffic lights can communicate to the car and with each other. Cars
have LED-based headlights, LED-based cack lights, and cars can communicate with
each other and prevent accidents in by exchanging information.
3. Airlines: Airline Wi-Fi wants captive audience to pay for the "service" of dial up on the
plane. And also they are very expensive. Passengers will soon be offered a "high-speed
like" connection on some airlines. Li-Fi could easily introduce that sort of speed to each
passengers reading light. It would be interruption free to and from other wireless signals on
the board. VLC could be used safely in aircraft .
Fig.4.1.3 Airline
4.Intrinsically Safe Environment :Visible Light is more safe than RF, hence it can be used
in places where RF can't be used such as petrochemical plants. Wi-Fi and many other
radiation or radio waves are bad for sensitive areas like those of power plants especially the
5. Under Sea Working: Li-Fi can even wok underwater were Wi-Fi fails completely,
thereby throwing open endless opportunities for military/navigation operation .
Underwater Rovers, also called toys of treasure seekers, operate from long cables that
supply their power and allow them to receive signals from their pilots above. ROVs work
efficiently until unless they got stuck somewhere or if the search area is huge. If made
wireless and replaced with light say from a submerged, high-powered lamp then they would
be free to explore more.They could also communicate with each other via headlamps,
process intermediate data autonomously and periodically refer back to the surface, all the
while obtaining their next batch of orders from the source. Li-Fi Wireless Communication is
high speed, as high as 500mbps or 30GB per minute.
6. Street Lamps (As free Access Points) : There are millions of street lamps
deployed. around the world. Each of these street lamps could be a free access point.
CONCLUSION
Possibilities for future utilization are abundant. Every light bulb can be converted
into Li-Fi signal receptor to transfer data and we could proceed toward the cleaner, safer,
greener and brighter future.As we know that the airways are getting clogged day by day
Li-Fi can offer a genuine and very efficient alternative. Li-Fi is enabled by advanced
digital transmission technologies. Optical cell networks based on Li-Fi are the link
between future energy efficient illumination and cellular communications. They can also
harness unregulated, unused and vast amount of electromagnetic spectrum and can even
enable ever smaller cells without the need for new infrastructure. The issues of shortage of
radio frequency can be tackled easily with only limitation being that it works in direct line
of sight of light. There are no dead ends to technology and science. Now both light and
radio waves can be used simultaneously to transfer data and signals.
REFERENCES
[1] Harald Haas and Liang Yin, IEEE, Yunlu Wang, and Cheng Chen,march 15, 2016.
[2] R. Mahendran PG Scholar, Embedded System Technology Li-Fi Technology 2016.
[3] Anurag Sarkar (2015), ‘Li-Fi Technology: Data Transmission through Visible Light’,
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management
Studies Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2015.
[4] S. Dimitrov and H. Haas, Principles of LED Light Communications: Towards
Networked Li-Fi. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, Mar. 2015.
[5] “A Visible Light Communication System for Indoor Application” Amrutha.S, Ansu
Mathew,Rajasree.R, Swarthy Sugathan; Aravind.S, International Journal of
Engineering anD Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3, Issue 12, June 2014.
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Watson, A.Kelly, G. Faulkner, M. Dawson, H. Haas, and D. O’Brien, “A 3-Gb/s single-
LED OFDM based wireless VLC link using a gallium nitride μLED,” IEEE Photon.
Technol. Lett., vol. 26,no. 7, pp. 637–640, Apr. 2014.
[7] Heinrich Hertz ,K.-I. Ahn and J. K. Kwon, “Color intensity modulation for
multicolored visible light communications,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. Dec. 2012.