WORLD WAR I AND THE PALESTINE MANDATE one Avhisle Fee 2s Jone ir the Ain hme Ache Fe edn Sry Stan sai we ne i Te eae ee th GERI tanto rene bats a it wey When eS empnde wih ep te Aseans ‘lary, Aria dared wat. hed with Asi aay fisadvantage if war ea et yeaa ote wit ‘kc owand crayon erly epson oe ‘hm The Reson ss der owl bon Caan {ned ao i hg Ro nd rm ie nso Hw gi ay get Lt cl won Gevvony, Word War Thad tare ‘oT ike Won art err sk fe are ovr on ce pert dein wes Shawty ond Amato awh eh ander wae ia We os rh ema i he esr eh 2 i al emeswh woriie eres.Te crt ner ons aan mason well ing Colonies ere a0 Peek and sh liar ef sine bk owes depend dele anh of i rch tom ther for manpower repens the deplete ssa wat lied ith “pres depended on he ‘Aca cl, much ofthe globe aclading the Otoman Epi, was ged into 2 War that had begat Eope ‘Works War Thad both nmedite and longterm fects on the Middle East Daring the war the Ovoman Empire sired among the geste umber of casuals pe capita ofall smbatants Whose Gereeny and France los, epecvelys host 9 and 11 percent of thes opel ‘on a8 rsa f the wat, imate for Ontman lones se tency ‘high a 23 percent —approxinatel lon ont oft popanon a 2 milion. Thee esas ocurred hah om and othe batefl. Ae ‘matter offs, four ou of every Sve Ottoman zene wh die ne ‘oncombstarts Many succumbed to dete and famine, which spread ‘otis par of he empire Besa of the costal lokade imposed by he Brith and French navies and alo case of Oto ropa stoning pois. Ores died a 3 consequence of population tants (the Oxomans aempted 9 move thet const poplatons randy snd ethnic leasing which reed in the death of soo tation Armenia) Alls factor aed the inhabitant of Pass fogh Indigenous and Zions. Aoughtelabl dat are lhng thas eon stated thn spit ofan ax of Armenian fags to thc eo ‘ory, there was an overall popslation desing Pace, However tragic the wartime sfering ofthe population, tthe longer ts ofthe wae that concern ur are. World Wer wast ‘most inorcant politcal venti he sory ofthe moder Middle are snd the pla changes rendered by te wt would have re consequences for Palestine andthe emo communis bring tee, Four fics of the war are particularly noteworthy. Fa, the war ‘wouphe about the desracsion ofthe Onoman Emp and ter io ofthe empire ito a none of salle pola eis. Over tine, thse nits would baer the independent vaso the cotenpany Mille East. Scoad, with he deructon of the Ontmsn pce, ey the victorious powers, Brin an Franc, sand deer se, ‘arte ceponsibliy for the etre hat are now Plena, Abedan,tag Lebanon and Syria. Briain and France mange he cr hors through anew form of rl ht lay midway beeen eon mesatin and comple sovereignty: the mandate. Thc, the Zone vet recived from Great Power ~ Creat Bein supper fe SE Finopl goa, "to create for the Jewish peoples hoe Pale, ‘ssw by public law.” Tis sapprevaly guaranteed thatsn mnt pe of Sow is that had appeared briefly during the ninereent ao diy couric then faded into ob. Finally che Cat te red Turks and Arabs within single sent for fur comm Teen waged the emergence and spread of a variery —— rnc ce ea foreeptmsiytrer bitants of Palestine. areas ai ee es ae ea 1 empires ~ the Ostoman, the Russian, and the. 3 Sat ener tith cent raphically teuncat ett we i he Seca Tere oe orbs eget Scant ent ts epeatng he Mile Ea. But he rie of Germany ae a led the ability of Eoropean vam, Saopeen ower and cri ets mu of camino rey the bai Tone exes ac on rol Bop net went ey, ten vee Stree Worl war Even ae il mes 0 no, rn aman Ronn 97 th Ce Se) ed the entente powers. Germany, the Austro ‘ofa he Oa pelo hoe he Cel Pome TrvOtieemsin Barge and cewere signed 010 oe Fe Oecian Emp ine the Cenl Powe for ver reo ene in he cermay eye ene plc ad noni inn i tu Te Aro Hogan Emp wait antl rat crn te Balan thr ace sit ‘pce te wr ono ie And fri er, the Oromans kay onan lance at nied headin eves Retia which dover the course ofthe nnctenth century, made 1 the Onlomans ni conspired time and again to denier thes cic. At the sme time, the enente poem dé sot ty ve bad {fo tract the Otomans thei side, Their governments teieeed he the war would be ove forthe Onommans cou 4 make thee presence onthe bated fel hat even fhe wa sed longer han expected ‘soon ast ecm clea hat the war would not bong sack ofthe entnte powers gaa 20 maneuver tbe is pee 2 slain he sols edie nthe Mie Eastin th even of cory The Retin hoping tree ha longstanding tea of sng 4 warm-wate port tht could emain open al ents, ace ‘he Tuksh tats and an: maton, because he arsed ‘hemscuso be she guardians of Othodony and Orthoon Chrnenes tbe wold ore, the Runians ought eo nse hatte cacignnin ‘eal have acces 0 th bly places in Jere should con! of Palesne change hands Becatse Ortodoxy was on ofthe fn, oes spon wich their dna legitimacy tested, the Romanos el 08 take cee religiows obligations ight: Throughout te ances sen they feed endesiy withthe Catholic remove en ‘Jewalem’s holy sites and eve came to bows with thir sale, sand other cs in the Cian Wat or tarps the Pet id lam to histori igh? in "Sia" an aca egy gropennn beandaries ht, wien toned by Galic oie, wally ncleled Pac tne. The reach hued thei clans on the special reaonship it ic and nea Catolie minors (ch athe Maconite Costana Lebanon) who lived thre and on their invesimens ind ade wah hetvin. The Brits were one to anaous for ete the Rosen Be French oun arate o aan tense Bchercencs he world's dominaereonamiepowe, te Betsh were fone on ude and secur for investment Inthe ron. Then of couse, = wath paramount imperil concern protetingt rots eaene yore ta ining in olny for the eal ime ade i cin aly epi tin eatin Ae = resp confirm hose cas, arash US omens Pres such as Waly and Greece, and a the war feared Se ntact by promising active combatants & payol ss peace SIMITS Calpain sco nat at So sng srt ‘Gua ower a8 a Ka ha French eae dl ith sens Aerio me te Ament Be ee eal ey Saal zsition for its claims to “Syria” sa oe eaten ie, fe and Bn oe een Te zment important is wot what Wat ale te Co renin re ted anand iin cj emer cond st lm. ha nase gees MPO ‘chat i enablised the principle chat ce entete nen a ercempensaron for fighting their ness and that a apc pet peitiom ahold come in the Foc of tertiary carve ae cert son lowe Te fone Na ef es eer Acie, may veces dealt with the terricory of Palestine ~ although sae a yn pl ed opel med sync vent cn te arco re cre tr cs wore, Get Bsn otal eet ren iia and would-be allies, t made pledges 10 number of See conan por, ron © sper fa ton genset eerie a ete cv es ee ah te roid le Me ein ain none the wat ends ach promised His gland guns a ‘ighe w eetablh an A “sate or sas" with ambiguously defn owes inthe predominant Ara estore ofthe Oxtoman Empire ence the famous Arab Revol, guided by the even ore amos Betish colon! T .Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabi) Unforcnatly for Shai Foray and Ami Faysl neither was able og the Brith to ani ‘xa what they meant by an Arb sae or snes oF what ent woald be ncaded in such an arrangement. Bh the sha and hit son were cotdnt that he teritoyofFlesine woul be ae of he ckge The Bees, however, added so many qulifers and cea ations oth pledge thar they were she edema afte hss had {nd and sil ced chemaiver wth upbelding she Bish repuetion fora play. Although having lite peace the Desh ledge to Stari Hasyn and his sn ai yi one tangle resle The soy of the pledge was picked up y ater chonisers of Arab atonlsm ad sed the as of aries eoutedthe Arb ory a one saci, berayl and raged. “Another ledge made byte Bish during the war would have ar seater consequnss, a July 1937, Baron Lionel Waker Rorbsh, 4 member ofthe Beth branch ofthe sme baking family tat po acd Baron Edmond de Rothschild, same othe Bish Foreign Office deft esolcon oa bel ofthe Brtsh Zion Federation -Afes tinkering wih he wording ofthe orignal df the Bish for ign screary, Aled Balfour, placed ee flowing notice inthe Tes {Condon "hase ich psi conveying yous om eal fit Maj Government she Tolowing decston of eypaiy with ws “int pon whi as en suber append bye Gaines oleic of mca ame the Jewish ppl wl thet hs enenours to ce te acveme of i bts eng kes endrsood that nothing all be done which may pee he hl and religous ight of exising oon Jeih ents in eletineor tego oil ete y ws na ce "shold eta you woul igh dstion theo ofthe Zin Feta, otc became known athe “Ballou Delraton