‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

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‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫أﺳﺲ ﺸﻐ ﻞ وﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒ وﻟ ﺔ ﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺎج‬

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‫إﻋﺪاد‬

‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﺟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋ ﺰي اﻟﻘﺎرئ‪ ،‬ﻓ أن أﻗﺪم ﻟﻚ أول ﻛﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز ﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺔ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ أﺣﺒ ﺖ أن‬
‫ً‬ ‫أﺿ ﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺘ ﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺔ ً‬
‫ﺟﺰء ﺿ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬أﻻ وﻫﻮ ﻫﺬە اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻌﻠﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻐﺎز‬
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‫آﻣ أن ﺗﺮوي رﻏ ﺔ اﻟﺪارﺳ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠ اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺠﺪون ﺻﻌ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺼ ﻞ ﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠ ﺔ أو اﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
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‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌ ﺔ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻪ‪ .‬وآﻣ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻓﺰا ﻷﺧ ﻦ ﻟ ﻘﻮﻣﻮا ﺑﺘﻌ ﺐ‬
‫و ﻣﻮاد ﻋﻠﻤ ﺔ أﻓ ع أﺧﺮى‪ .‬ذﻟﻚ ﻷن اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻘﺎ إﺿﺎﻓ ﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺘﻄ ﺮ اﻟ ي ﻀﺎف‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﻏ ﺔ واﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺤﺎﻓﺰ واﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋ اﻟﺘﺤﺼ ﻞ‪.‬‬
‫أرﺟﻮ أن ﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﺘﺎب وﻣﺎ ﻠ ﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﻮد ﻛﺜ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﺎﺿﻞ ﺳ ﺘ ﻌﻮن ﻧﻔﺲ ﻧﻬﺞ اﻟﺘﻌ ﺐ ز ﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻮﻃﻦ اﻟﻌﺮ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻌﻮد ﺎﻟﻨﻔﻊ ﻷﻣﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻐﺎﻟ ﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠ ﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻨﻔ‬
‫ﻓ أن أﻗﺪم ﻟﻚ ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﺘﺎب ﺑ ﺴﺦ اﻟ وﻧ ﺔ ﻣﺠﺎﻧ ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺣﻖ ﻃ ﺎﻋﺘﻪ و ە ﻟﻤﻦ ﻳ ﺪ أن ﻔﻌﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺪون ر ــﺢ أو ﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻓ أن أﻗﺪم اﻟ ﺴﺦ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺘ ﻠﻔﺔ ﻃ ﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻟ أﻗﻮم ﺑ ﻋﺪاد ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﺘﺎب‪ ،‬ﻗﻤﺖ أو ﺑ ﻋﺪاد ﻛﺘﺎب ﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠ ﺔ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻷن ﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ﺎﻹﻧﺠﻠ ﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ووﺿﻌﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﺎ )‪ (Fundamentals of Oil and Gas Processing‬وﻫﻮ اﻵن ﻳ ﺎع ﻛ ﺴﺦ اﻟ وﻧ ﺔ أو‬
‫ﺴﺦ ورﻗ ﺔ ﻋ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟ وﻧ ﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ .Amazon‬ﺛﻢ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑ ﺟﻤﺔ اﻟ ﺘﺎب إ اﻟ ﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي ﺑ ﺪ ﻚ أو‬
‫اﻟ ﺴﺨﺔ اﻻﻟ وﻧ ﺔ اﻟ أﻣﺎﻣﻚ‪.‬‬
‫أرﺟﻮ أن أ ﻮن ﻗﺪ وﻓﻘﺖ ﻟﺘﻘﺪ ﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻔ ﺪ و ﻨﻔﻊ‪.‬‬

‫ﺎ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ‪٢٠١٩‬‬
‫‪Yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬

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‫ﺻﻔﺤ ‪ ‬ﻋ ‪ ‬أﻣﺎزون ‪ ‬‬
‫‪  https://www.amazon.com/Yasser‐Kassem/e/B07KXLM5RZ?ref=dbs_p_pbk_r00_abau_000000‬‬
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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول أﺳﺎﺳ ﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‪١٢ ..................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ١‐١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪١٢ ......................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐١‬ﺗﺠﻬ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺒ وﻟ ﺔ ‪١٢ ................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟ ﺘﺎب‪١٤ .................................................................................. .‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐١‬اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ :٤‐١‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻔ ﺎﺋ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات اﻟﺒ وﻟ ﺔ )اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻬ ﺪروﻛ ﻮﻧ ﺔ( ‪١٤ .......................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٤‐١‬اﻟﻐﺎزات اﻟﻬ ﺪروﻛ ﻮﻧ ﺔ ‪١٤ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪١٥ .......................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٢‐٤‐١‬اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺠ‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮي‪١٦ ........................................................................................... :‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐٤‐١‬اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺠ‬
‫‪ :٤‐٤‐١‬ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز وﻛﺜﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻟﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪١٨ ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٥‐٤‐١‬اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات ‪١٨ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐٤‐١‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎط )‪١٩ .............................................................................................. (z‬‬
‫‪ :٧‐٤‐١‬ﺗﻌﻴ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻋﻨﺪ أي درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة وأي ﻗ ﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ ‪٢٢ .......................................................‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻋﻨﺪ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪٢٤ .....................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٨‐٤‐١‬ﺗﻌﻴ‬
‫ﻋﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز )ﻗﺪم ﺛﺎﻧ ﺔ ( )‪٢٦ .................................................................................... (ft/s‬‬ ‫‪:٩‐٤‐١‬‬
‫ﺧﻂ اﻷﻧﺎﺑ ﺐ )اﻷﻧﺒﻮب( ‪٢٧ ...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :١٠‐٤‐١‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
‫‪ :١١‐٤‐١‬ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ‪٢٨ .......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١٢‐٤‐١‬اﻟﻘ ﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮار ﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎزات )ﻗ ﻤﺔ اﻻﺣ اق(‪٣٠ ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ : ٥‐١‬ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻬ ﺪروﻛ ﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ) ﺧﺎم اﻟﺒ ول( ‪٣١ .......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٥‐١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪٣١ ..............................................................................................................:‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٥‐١‬ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺎم اﻟﺒ و وﻛﺜﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻟﻨﻮﻋ ﺔ ‪٣١ .............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٥‐١‬ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ ﺧﺎم اﻟﺒ ول ‪٣٢ .................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٥‐١‬ﻟﺰوﺟﺔ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎم واﻟﻤ ﺎە ‪٣٣ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐١‬دراﺳﺔ ﺳﻠﻮك اﻷﻃﻮار "اﻟﺤﺎﻻت" )‪٣٤ .............................................................. (Phase behavior‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٦‐١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪٣٤ ...............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٦‐١‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺔ ‪٣٤ .........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٦‐١‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ‪٣٦ ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٦‐١‬اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻤﺮﻛ ﺎت ‪٣٩ ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ : ٥‐٦‐١‬اﻟﺘ ﺒﺆ ﻤﻈﺮوف اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ) اﻷﻃﻮار( ‪٤٠ ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٧‐١‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺋﻊ ‪٥٢ .....................................................................................................‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫‪ :١‐٧‐١‬رﻗﻢ ر ﻨﻮﻟﺪ ‪٥٢ ..........................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎ ‪٥٤ ........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺛﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪٥٤ ............................................................................ Two-phase Separation‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٢‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٥٤ .....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﺨﺎر(‪٥٤ ................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٢‐٢‬اﺗﺰان اﻟﺤﺎﻻت "اﻷﻃﻮار" )ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪ :٣‐٢‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪٥٥ ..............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐٢‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟ ﺜﺎﻓﺔ )‪٥٦ ................................................................... (Gravity Separation‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐٢‬اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪٥٨ ....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٨‐٢‬وﻇﺎﺋﻒ أﻗﺴﺎم " ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت" اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺛﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻮر )ﻏﺎز ﺳﺎﺋﻞ( ‪٦٠ .........................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٨‐٢‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴ اﺗﺠﺎە اﻟﺘﻐﺬ ﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ )‪٦١ ................................................ (Inlet Diverter Section‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٨‐٢‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪٦١ ......................................................... (Liquid Collection Section‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٨‐٢‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟ ﺳ ﺐ ﺎﻟﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ )‪٦١ ...................................................... (Gravity Settling Section‬‬
‫‪ :٩‐٢‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺧﺘ ﺎرات وﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ‪٦٣ ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١٠‐٢‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ‪٦٣ ..........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١٠‐٢‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳ ﺔ ‪٦٣ .................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١٠‐٢‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﻓﻘ ﺔ ‪٦٥ ..................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐١٠‐٢‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﻓﻘ ﺔ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ اﻟ ﻣ ﻞ "اﻟﻮﻋﺎء" ‪٦٦ .....................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ أو وﻋﺎء ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ )‪ (Boot‬وﻋﺎء ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺎء )‪٦٧ ...................... (Water Pot‬‬ ‫‪ :٤‐١٠‐٢‬ﻓﺎﺻﻞ أﻓ‬
‫‪ :٥‐١٠‐٢‬ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟ ﺷﻴﺢ‪٦٧ ...................................................................................................‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫‪ :٦‐١٠‐٢‬اﻟﻤﻨﻘ ﺎت )‪٦٨ ........................................................................................ (Scrubbers‬‬
‫‪ُ :٧‐١٠‐٢‬ﻣﺘﻠ اﻟﺪﻓﻌﺎت )‪٦٨ ............................................................................... (slug catcher‬‬
‫‪ :١١‐٢‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎر ‪٧٠ .......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١٢‐٢‬اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ‪٧٢ ..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ُ :١‐١٢‐٢‬ﻣﻐ اﻻﺗﺠﺎە )‪٧٢ ............................................................................... (Inlet Diverters‬‬
‫"ﻣﺎﻧﻊ" اﻷﻣﻮاج )‪٧٦ ..................................................................... (Wave breakers‬‬ ‫‪ :٢‐١٢‐٢‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ :٣‐١٢‐٢.‬أﻟﻮاح ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺮﻏﻮة )‪٧٦ ...............................................................................(defoaming‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐١٢‐٢‬ﻣﺎﻧﻊ " ﺎ " اﻟﺪواﻣﺔ )‪٧٧ .................................................................... (Vortex Breaker‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐١٢‐٢‬أﻧﺒﻮب دﻟ ﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﺔ )‪٧٨ ........................................................................... (stilling well‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐١٢‐٢‬رﺷﺎﺷﺎت ﺗﻨﻈ ﻒ اﻟﺮﻣﺎل )‪٧٨ ........................................................................ (Sand Jets‬‬
‫‪ :٧‐١٢‐٢‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻟﺮذاذ " ﻧﺎزع اﻟﻨﺪى" )‪٧٩ ......................................... (Mist extractor or demister‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٧‐١٢‐٢‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٧٩ ......................................................................................................‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫‪ :٢‐٧‐١٢‐٢‬ﻧ ع اﻻﺻﻄﺪام )‪٧٩ ................................................................ (Impingement-Type‬‬

‫‪ :٣‐٧‐١٢‐٢‬ﻣﺮاوح اﺳﺘﺨﻼص اﻟﺮذاذ )ﻧ ع اﻟ ﺸﺔ( )‪٨١ ..................................................... (Van type‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٧‐١٢‐٢‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨ ج رذاذ اﻟﺸ ﺎت اﻟﺴﻠ ﺔ )‪٨٥ ................................... (Wire-Mesh mist extractor‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐٧‐١٢‐٢‬ﺗﻜ ﻨﺎت أﺧﺮى )‪٨٩ ............................................................ (Other Configurations‬‬
‫‪ :٧‐٧‐١٢‐٢‬اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﻨﻬﺎ ‪٩٠ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز واﻟ ﺖ ‪٩١ ....................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :١٣‐٢‬ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت وأدوات اﻟﺘﺤ ﻢ‬
‫‪ :١٤‐٢‬ﻣﺸﺎ ﻞ اﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ‪٩١ .............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١٤‐٢‬اﻟﺨﺎم اﻟﺮﻏﻮي )‪٩١ .............................................................................. (Foamy Crude‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١٤‐٢‬اﻟ اﻓﻴﻨﺎت ‪٩٢ .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐١٤‐٢‬اﻟﺮﻣﺎل‪٩٣ ..............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐١٤‐٢‬ﺧﺮوج اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز "ﻫﺮوب أو ﺗﺮﺣ ﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ" )‪٩٣ .................................... (liquid carryover‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐١٢‐٢‬ﺧﺮوج اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ "ﻧﻔﺚ اﻟﻐﺎز" ‪٩٤ ..........................................................Gas Blowby‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐١٢‐٢‬دﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ )‪٩٤ ............................................................................... (Liquid Slugs‬‬
‫‪ :١٥‐٢‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋ درﺟﺎت "ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ" )‪٩٤ ............................................................. (Stage Separation‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١٥‐٢‬ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷو )‪٩٥ .................................................... (Initial Separation Pressure‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١٥‐٢‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻋ درﺟﺎت "ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ" )‪٩٧ ....................................................... (Stage Separation‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐١٥‐٢‬اﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ ‪٩٨ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐١٥‐٢‬اﻟﺤﻘﻮل اﻟ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺿﻐﻮط أﻧﺎﺑ ﺐ اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪٩٨ ............................................................... .‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐١٥‐٢‬ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ‪٩٩ ...................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐١٥‐٢‬ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ﻣﻘﺎ ﻞ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٠٠ .............................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١٦‐٢‬أﺳﺎﺳ ﺎت ﺣﺴﺎ ﺎت اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ‪١٠٠ .........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١٦‐٢‬ﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ وزﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮث اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ‪١٠٠ ...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١٦‐٢‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮث ﻟﻠﻐﺎز ‪١٠٢ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻋﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‪ ،‬ﻗﺪم ث‪١٠٢ ..................................................................................... (ft/s).‬‬ ‫‪:٣‐١٦‐٢‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐١٦‐٢‬إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻌﻠﻖ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺎﻟﻐﺎز )‪١٠٣ .................................................... (Liquid Re-entrainment‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐١٦‐٢‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻄﺮات اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺎﻟﻐﺎز ‪١٠٣ ....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١٧‐٢‬ﻣ ﺎدئ اﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ وﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟ ﺖ واﻟﻐﺎز ‪١٠٤ ...................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻧﻈ ﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻷو ‪١٠٤ ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١‐١٧‐٢‬اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار "اﻟ ﺳ ﺐ ﺎﻟﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ" )‪١٠٤ ............................................................ (Settling‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ )ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ أﻓ ( ‪١٠٦ ..................................................‬‬
‫)‪١٠٧ ................. (Gas Capacity Constraint‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻗ ﺪ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻷﻓ‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫)‪١٠٧ ................................ (Liquid Capacity Constraint‬‬ ‫‪ :٤‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻷﻓ‬
‫)‪١٠٨ ............................. (Seam-to-Seam Length‬‬ ‫‪ :٥‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻃﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺎس إ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻷﻓ‬
‫)‪١٠٨ ................. (Slenderness Ratio‬‬ ‫‪ :٦‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﺎﻓﺔ " ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮل إ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ" ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻷﻓ‬
‫‪ :٧‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﻓﻘ ﺔ‐ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ‐ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ‪١٠٩ ........................................‬‬
‫‪ :٨‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳ ﺔ ‪١١٠ .................................................................................‬‬
‫‪١١٠ ...........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٩‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأ‬
‫‪١١١ .......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :١٠‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأ‬
‫‪١١١ ..............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :١١‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﻃﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺎس إ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأ‬
‫‪ :١٢‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﺎﻓﺔ " ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮل إ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ" ﻟﻠﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳ ﺔ ‪١١١ ...........................................‬‬
‫‪ :١٣‐١‐١٧‐٢‬ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳ ﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١١٢ .......................................................‬‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١١٣ ...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٥‐٢‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ رأ‬
‫ﺛﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١١٥ ............................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :٦‐٢‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ أﻓ‬
‫‪ :٢‐١٧‐٢‬اﻟﻄ ﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ‪١١٧ ..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٢‐١٧‐٢‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺛﻨﺎ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١١٨ .........................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪١٢٥ .....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٢٥ ........................................................................ Three-phase Separation‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٣‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪١٢٥ ....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٣‬وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ‪١٢٦ .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٢‐٣‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﻓ ‪١٢٦ ....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ُ :٢‐٢‐٣‬ﻣﺴﻘﻂ اﻟﻤ ﺎە اﻟﺤﺮة )‪١٣٠ ................................................ (FWKO) (Free-Water Knockout‬‬
‫ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر ﻣﻊ أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ أو وﻋﺎء ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ" ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺋﻞ ‪١٣١ .................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐٢‐٣‬ﻓﺎﺻﻞ أﻓ‬
‫‪ :٤‐٢‐٣‬اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳ ﺔ )‪١٣٢ ................................................................... (Vertical Separators‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐٢‐٣‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎر )‪١٣٥ ........................................................... (Selection Considerations‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٣‬اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻸوﻋ ﺔ ‪١٣٦ .............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٣‬ﻣﺸﺎ ﻞ اﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ‪١٣٧ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٤‐٣‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠ ﺎت ‪١٣٧ .......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐٣‬ﻧﻈ ﺔ ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٣٧ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٥‐٣‬ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤ ﺎە "واﻟﻤ ﺎە ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺎم" )‪١٣٧ ........................................ (Oil–Water Settling‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎم ‪١٣٨ ........................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐٥‐٣‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻄﺮة اﻟﻤﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺎە‪١٣٨ ...................................................................................... .‬‬ ‫‪ :٤‐٥‐٣‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻄﺮة اﻟﻨﻔﻂ‬
‫‪ :٥‐٥‐٣‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮث ‪١٣٨ .......................................................................................................‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫‪ :٦‐٣‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر "اﻟﻄ ﻘﺔ اﻷو "‪١٤٠ ..................................................................‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﻤﺘ ‪١٤٠ .................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :١‐٦‐٣‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر أﻓ‬
‫‪ :١‐١‐٦‐٣‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‪١٤٠ ...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١‐٦‐٣‬ﻗ ﺪ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮث ‪١٤٠ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻃﻮر اﻟﻨﻔﻂ" ‪١٤٠ ..................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐١‐٦‐٣‬ﺳﻘﻮط ﻗﻄﺮة اﻟﻤ ﺎە ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ "اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬
‫‪ :٤‐١‐٦‐٣‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﻗﻄﺮات اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻮر اﻟﻤﺎء ‪١٤١ ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐١‐٦‐٣‬اﻟﻄﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس إ اﻟﻤﻤﺎس )‪١٤٢ ......................................... (Seam-to-Seam Length‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐١‐٦‐٣‬ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﺎﻓﺔ " ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮل إ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ" )‪١٤٢ .................................... (Slenderness Ratio‬‬
‫‪ :٧‐١‐٦‐٣‬ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﻓﻘ ﺔ – ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر‐ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﺌﺔ ‪١٤٣ ......................................‬‬
‫‪١٤٣ .................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٢‐٦‐٣‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر رأ‬
‫‪ :١‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‪١٤٤ ...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪١٤٤ ........................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٢‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﻗ ﺪ ﺗﺮﺳ ﺐ ﻗﻄﺮة اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأ‬
‫‪ :٣‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﻗ ﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ "ﺻﻌﻮد" اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺎە ‪١٤٤ ..............................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﻗ ﺪ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮث ‪١٤٤ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪١٤٥ ..................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٥‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﻃﻮل اﻟﺘﻤﺎس إ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأ‬
‫‪ :٦‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﺴ ﺔ اﻟﻨﺤﺎﻓﺔ ‪١٤٥ ................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٧‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﺧﻄﻮات ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮأﺳ ﺔ ﺛﻼﺛ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٤٥ ..........................................................‬‬
‫ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٤٦ ...........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٧‐٢‐٦‐٣‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ رأ‬
‫ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٤٦ ....................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :١‐٣‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ رأ‬
‫ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر ‪١٤٩ .........................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪" :٢‐٣‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ" ﺗﺤﺪ ﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ أﻓ‬
‫‪ :٧‐٣‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺛﻼ اﻟﻄﻮر )اﻟﻄ ﻘﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ ﺔ( ‪١٥١ .........................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪١٥٤ .......................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻧ ع اﻟﻤ ﺎە ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ واﻟﻤ ﺎە ‪١٥٤ ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٤‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪١٥٤ ....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٤‬اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ ‪١٥٥ ...............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐٢‐٤‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤ ج ‪١٥٦ .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٢‐٤‬اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺤﻼب "ﻣﺜ ﺘﺎت اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻼب"‪١٥٧ ............................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٣‐٢‐٤‬ﺛ ﺎت "اﺳﺘﻘﺮار" ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻊ اﻟﺨﺎم ‪١٥٨ .......................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ" ‪١٦٠ ................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٤‐٢‐٤‬ﻧﻈ ﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠ ﺎت "ﻛ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻼب ) ‪١٦٠ ................................................. (Demulsifiers - emulsion breaker‬‬ ‫‪ ٥‐٢‐٤‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ ١‐٥‐٢‐٤‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪١٦٠ ........................................................................................................‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫‪ ٢‐٥‐٢‐٤‬اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ )‪١٦٣ ............................................................................ (Bottle Test‬‬

‫‪ ٣‐٥‐٢‐٤‬اﻟﺘﺠ ﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺪاﻧ ﺔ )اﻻﺧﺘ ﺎر ﺎﻟﺤﻘﻞ( ‪١٦٣ ........................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺪا )اﺧﺘ ﺎر أﻓﻀﻞ ﺟﺮﻋﺔ( ‪١٦٣ ...................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٤‐٥‐٢‐٤‬اﻟﺘﺤﺴ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻼب ‪١٦٤ ..................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٥‐٥‐٢‐٥‬ﺗﻐﻴ ﻧ ع ﺎ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻼب ‪١٦٤ ......................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٦‐٥‐٢‐٥‬ﻣﺸﺎ ﻞ اﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺎ‬
‫‪ ٣‐٤‬وﺣﺪات ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺧﺎم اﻟﺒ ول ‪١٦٥ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ُ ١‐٣‐٤‬ﻣﺴﻘﻂ "ﻓﺎﺻﻞ" اﻟﻤ ﺎە اﻟﺤﺮة )‪١٦٥ .................................................. (Free-Water Knockouts‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٣‐٤‬ﺻﻬ ــﺞ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤ ﺎە )ﺻﻬ ــﺞ اﻟﻐﺴ ﻞ( ﻣﻊ ﺣﺠﺮة ﻟﻠﻐﺎز داﺧﻠ ﺔ أو ﺧﺎرﺟ ﺔ ‪١٦٥ ...................................‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎم ‐‪١٦٩ .................................................................... (Heaters‬‬ ‫‪ ٣‐٣‐٤‬اﻟﺴﺨﺎﻧﺎت )أوﻋ ﺔ ﺴﺨ‬
‫‪ ١‐١‐٣‐٤‬اﻟﺴﺨﺎﻧﺎت ﻏ اﻟﻤ ﺎ ة ‪١٦٩ ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪١٧١ ....................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪ ٢‐٣‐٣‐٤‬ﺳﺨﺎﻧﺎت اﻟ ﺴﺨ‬
‫‪ ٣‐٣‐٣‐٤‬اﺳ داد اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮد ‪١٧١ .....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٤‐٣‐٣‐٤‬اﻟﺴﺨﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ‪١٧١ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١-٤-٣-٣-٤‬ﺍﻟﺳﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻭﺩﻱ )ﺳﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺳﻲ( ‪١٧٢ ...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢-٤-٣-٣-٤‬ﺍﻟﺳﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ‪١٧٨ ......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٣-٤-٣-٣-٤‬ﺍﻟﺳﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺍﻟﻛﺭﻭﺳﺗﺎﺗﻳﻛﻲ ‪١٨٤ .............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٤‐٤‬ﻃﺮق ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﻠﺐ ‪١٨٨ ................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐٤‐٤‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪١٨٨ ......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٤‐٤‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟ ﻤﺎو ﺎت ‪١٨٨ ..................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐٢‐٤‐٤‬ﻤ ﺔ اﻟ ﻤﺎو ﺎت ‪١٨٨ .............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٢‐٤‐٤‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﺔ ‪١٨٩ ....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٣‐٢‐٤‐٤‬اﺧﺘ ﺎر اﻟ ﻤﺎو ﺎت ‪١٨٩ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٤‐٢‐٤‐٤‬زﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺳ ﺐ )‪١٩٠ ........................................................................... (Settling Time‬‬
‫‪ ٥‐٢‐٤‐٤‬اﺋﺘﻼف )اﻟﺘﺤﺎم( اﻟﻘﻄﺮات ‪١٩٠ ...................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٦‐٢‐٤‐٤‬اﻟﻠﺰوﺟﺔ ‪١٩٢ .......................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم ‪١٩٤ ........................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٧‐٢‐٤‐٤‬ﺗﺄﺛ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫)‪١٩٥ ......................................... (Electrostatic Coalescers‬‬ ‫‪ ٨‐٢‐٢‐٤‬وﻋﺎء اﻻﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻟ ﻬﺮوﺳﺘﺎﺗ‬
‫‪ ٩‐٢‐٤‐٤‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻄﺮة اﻟﻤﺎء وزﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮث ‪١٩٦ ............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٥‐٤‬ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﺔ ‪١٩٧ ....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐٥‐٤‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻮاﺟ ﺔ )اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﺔ( ‪١٩٨ ........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٥‐٤‬اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻔﻘﻮدة )اﻟﻤﻬﺪرة( ‪١٩٨ ........................................................................................‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫‪ ٣‐٥‐٤‬اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻷﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺤ ﻖ )‪١٩٩ ................................................... (Fire Tube Heat Flux‬‬
‫‪ ٤‐٥‐٤‬اﻟ ﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮار ﺔ ﻷﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﺤ ﻖ )‪١٩٩ ................................................ (Firetube Heat Density‬‬
‫‪ ٦‐٤‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ )ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ( ﺳﺨﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ‪١٩٩ ...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐٦‐٤‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ‪١٩٩ ......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐١‐٦‐٤‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺎﻟﺠﺎذﺑ ﺔ ‪٢٠٠ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐١‐٦‐٤‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟ ﺳ ﺐ ‪٢٠٠ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٣‐١‐٦‐٤‬ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﻮث ‪٢٠١ .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٤‐١‐٦‐٤‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻄﺮة اﻟﻤ ﺎە ‪٢٠٢ ............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٦‐٤‬إﺟﺮاءات ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺠﻢ )اﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ( ‪٢٠٣ ..............................................................................‬‬
‫)اﻟﺘﺼﻤ ﻢ( ‪٢٠٣ ..................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ١‐٢‐٦‐٤‬اﺟﺮاءات ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻟﺴﺨﺎن أﻓ‬
‫وﻟﺼﻬ ــﺞ ﻏﺴ ﻞ ‪٢٠٣ ..........................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٢‐٢‐٦‐٤‬اﺟﺮاءات ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻟﺴﺨﺎن رأ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ ٢‐٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺨﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ أﻓ ‪٢٠٤ .......................................................................... .‬‬
‫‪٢٠٦ ......................................................................... .‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ ٣‐٤‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺨﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ رأ‬
‫‪ ٧‐٤‬اﻋﺘ ﺎرات ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ‪٢٠٩ ...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ١‐٧‐٤‬ﺻﻬﺎر ــﺞ اﻟﻐﺴ ﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﻏﺎز داﺧﻠ ﺔ أو ﺧﺎرﺟ ﺔ ‪٢٠٩ ...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٧‐٤‬اﻟﺴﺨﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪٢٠٩ ................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻻﻟ وﺳﺘﺎﺗ ﻜ ﺔ ‪٢٠٩ ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ٣‐٧‐٤‬اﻟﺴﺨﺎﻧﺎت ُ‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ‪٢١٠ ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻧ ع اﻷﻣﻼح ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎم )‪٢١٠ ............................................................................................. (Desalting‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٥‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٢١٠ ....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١‐٥‬ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻧ ع اﻷﻣﻼح أو ﺗﺨﻔ ﻔﻬﺎ )‪٢١١ .................................................................... (desalting‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٥‬وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ‪٢١١ .........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٢‐٥‬ﻧﺎزع اﻷﻣﻼح )‪٢١١ ......................................................................................... (Desalter‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٢‐٥‬ﻣﻌﺪات اﻟﻤ ج "اﻟﺨﻠﻂ" )‪٢١٣ .............................................................. (Mixing Equipment‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٥‬وﺻﻒ ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ ﻧ ع اﻷﻣﻼح‪٢١٤ .............................................................................................. :‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٣‐٥‬ﻧﺎزع اﻷﻣﻼح أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ )أﺣﺎدي اﻟﻄﻮر( ‪٢١٥ ....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٣‐٥‬ﻧﺎزع اﻷﻣﻼح ﺛﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ )ﺛﻨﺎ اﻷﻃﻮار( ‪٢١٥ .......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٥‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻨﺎزع اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟ ﻬﺮ ‪٢١٦ .............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐٥‬ﻤ ﺔ ﻣ ﺎە اﻟﺘﺨﻔ ﻒ اﻟﻤﻄﻠ ﺔ ‪٢١٨ ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐٥‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ‪٢١٨ .................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٨‐٥‬ﻣﺸﺎ ﻞ اﻟ ﺸﻐ ﻞ واﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻘ ﺣﺔ ‪٢١٩ ....................................................................................‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒ ول واﻟﻐﺎز‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس ‪٢٢٠ ...................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺗ ﺒ ﺖ اﻟﺨﺎم وﺗﺤﻠﻴﺘﻪ )‪٢٢٠ ................................................................. (Stabilization and sweetening‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٦‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪٢٢٠ ....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٦‬ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻃﺮق ﻋﻤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ‪٢٢١ ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٢‐٦‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ ‪٢٢١ ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٢‐٦‬ﺳﺨﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ‪٢٢١ ..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٢‐٦‬أﺑﺮاج ﺗ ﺒ ﺖ اﻟﻬ ﺪروﻛ ﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ )‪٢٢٢ ............................... (Liquid Hydrocarbon Stabilizer‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٢‐٦‬أﺑﺮاج اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ذات اﻟﺘﻐﺬ ﺔ اﻟ ﺎردة ‪٢٢٥ ................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐٢‐٦‬أﺑﺮاج اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻻرﺗﺪاد "اﻻرﺗﺠﺎع" )‪٢٢٥ ........................................... (Stabilizer with Reflux‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐٦‬وﺻﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ‪٢٢٧ ...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٣‐٦‬ﺑ ج اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ‪٢٢٧ ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١‐٣‐٦‬اﻷرﻓﻒ واﻟﺤﺸﻮ )‪٢٢٧ ............................................................... (Trays and Packing‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐١‐٣‐٦‬ﻏﻼ ﺔ اﻟﻤﺜ ﺖ )‪٢٣٢ .................................................................................(Reboiler‬‬
‫‪ :٣‐١‐٣‐٦‬ﻣ د اﻟﻤﺜ ﺖ )‪٢٣٢ ...................................................................... (Stabilizer Cooler‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜ ﺖ ‪٢٣٣ ............................................................‬‬ ‫‪ :٤‐١‐٣‐٦‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﻻرﺗﺪاد " ارﺗﺠﺎع" )‪(Reflux‬‬
‫‪ :٦‐١‐٣‐٦‬ﺳﺨﺎن ﺗﻐﺬ ﺔ ﺑ ج اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ )‪٢٣٣ ....................................................... (Stabilizer-Heater‬‬
‫‪ :٤‐٦‬ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﺑ ج اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ‪٢٣٣ .....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :٥‐٦‬ﺗﺤﻠ ﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ اﻟﺨﺎم )‪٢٣٤ ................................................................... (Crude Oil Sweetening‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٥‐٦‬اﻟﺘ ﺨ ﻋ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺎز ﻧﺎزع )‪٢٣٥ ..........................(Stage vaporization with stripping gas‬‬
‫‪ :٢‐٥‐٦‬اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ﺎﻷرﻓﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻏﺎز ﻧﺎزع )‪٢٣٥ ........................... (Trayed stabilization with stripping gas‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻘﺎع )‪٢٣٦ ......................(Reboiled trayed stabilization‬‬ ‫‪ :٣‐٥‐٦‬اﻟﺘ ﺒ ﺖ ﺎﻷرﻓﻒ ﻣﻊ إﻋﺎدة ﺴﺨ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ‪٢٣٨ .....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻗ ﺎس ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ‪٢٣٨ ............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐٧‬ﻗ ﺎس اﻟﻐﺎز ‪٢٣٨ ...............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ :١‐١‐٧‬اﻟﻘ ﺎس ﺎﻷورﻓ ﺲ )‪٢٣٨ ...................................................... (Orifice-Meter Measurement‬‬
‫‪ ١‐١‐١‐٧‬ﺣﺴﺎب ﻤ ﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷورﻓ ﺲ ‪٢٣٨ ....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐١‐٧‬اﻟﻘ ﺎس ﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺼﻮﺗ ﺔ ‪٢٤٢ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ٢‐٧‬ﻗ ﺎس اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ ‪٢٤٣ ............................................................................................................‬‬
‫)اﻷورﻓ ﺲ( ‪٢٤٣ ............................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ ١‐٢‐٧‬ﻋﺪادات اﻟﻘ ﺎس اﻟﺤﺠ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ‪٢٤٦ ......................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻒ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط )‪٢٤٦ ........................................................................... (Relief system‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻹﻏﺎﺛﺔ وﺗ‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )‪(yassergabr@gmail.com‬‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد ﺎ‬