Method of construction and Estimation Dr. GhalibM.Habeeb of Engineering- 4" class Year of 2014-2015 Hee Printed by: Eng. Dolfocar AlfUsamah ONAN Jes Ein Jaal\, & Nay iw E ® Soil stabilization and compaction Soils are used extensively in and with many types of construction, they are used to support structures, to support pavement, for highway and airports, and as dams and levees to resist the passage of water. Some soils may be suitable for use in their natural state, while others must be excavated, processed, and compacted in order to serve their purposes. Methods for soil stabilization - tae A-Mechanical methods 1. Compaction. 2. Impact. 3. Vibration. 4. Combined. B-Chemical methods 1. Stabilization by lime. 2. Stabilization by cement. 3. Stabilization by Fly-Ash. C-Stabilization by replacement or addition 1. Mixing soil. . 2. Rock column. 3. Sub base. 4. Boulder. ee , Swelling and shiinkage wv B Sy = (F- 1) +100...) (, B Sp = (2 7 2) +100...(2) Where ¢ Sw:% of swelling Sp:% of shrinkage B: Density of soil before excavation (embankment) L:Density of soil after excavation (Loos)Method of construction and Estimation Dr. GhalibM.Habeeb Civil Engineering- 4" class Year of 2014-2015 7 Printed by: Eng. Dolfocar AltUsamah C:Density of soil after excavation (compacted) Classification of soil 1. Boulder >250mm 2. Gravel >6mm 3. Sand (0.05-6)mm 4, Silt <0.05mm. 5. Clay < 0.002 mm 6. Organic material. Laboratory tests for soil density 1. Standard proctor test. 2. Modified proctor test. Specification of soil compaction 1. Fix the method of compaction, thickness of each layer, moisture content, type of compactor equipment, no. of compactor passing. 2. Method and end result. 3. Suggest method and end result. 4, Result only. Compaction equipment 1- Tamping roller Specification of compaction ¢ No. of passing © Passing tamping rollers for a certain depth. © Repeat passing till reaching specified density. Tamping roller is suitable for compacting clay soil or sandy clay soil and it is not suitable for granular soil such as sand or gravel.Method of construction and Estimation Dr. GhalibM.Habeeb Civil Engineering- 4" class Year of 2014-2015 Printed by: Eng. Dolfocar Ali Usamah_ 2- Smooth wheel compactor Used to compact granular soils, for surface layers of roads, and for asphalt. It is not suitable for clay soil. When compacting cohesive soils these rollers tend to form a crust over the surface, which may prevent adequate compaction in the lower portions of a lift. 3- Pneumatic-tire roller Used for all types of soil and asphalt, their weight can be increased by adding water or sand. . 4- Vibrating compactor Most compactor are supplied with vibration machine to give more compaction especially for grain soils.