SECTION SUMMARY

9.1 Naming Ions Summary:

Ions that consist of a single atom are called monatomic ions. Metallic elements tend
to lose electrons. When the metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A lose electrons, they
form cations with positive charges that equal to their group number. In other words,
you can use the group number of any metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A to determine
the charge of the cations. Group 1A ions have a 1+ charge, whereas group 2A metals
form ions with a 2+ charge, and group 3A metals form ions with a 3+ charge. The
charge of a group A nonmetal ion is determined by subtracting 8 from the group
number. For example, the group 7A elements form ions with a charge of 1-.

Many of the transition metals (group B) have more than one common ionic charge.
These ions are named using either the Stock system or the classical naming system.
The charges of cations of many transition metal ions must be determined from the
number of electrons lost. When a cation can have more that one ion charge, a Roman
numeral is used in the name to indicate the charge. For example, Cu+ is Copper (I)
ion, Cu2+ is Copper (II) ion, and Co 3+ is Cobalt (III) ion.

Ions that contain more than one atom are called polyatomic ions. The names of most
common polyatomic ions end in either –ite or –ate. In polyatomic ions for which
there is an –ite / -ate pair, the –ite ending will always indicate one less oxygen atom
that the –ate ending. Polyatomic ions sometimes are anions or cations. For instance,
ammonium (NH4+) is a cation, and hydrogen carbonate (HCO 3-) is anion.

9.1 Naming Ions Vocabulary Terms:

monatomic ion: ion consist of a single atom

polyatomic ion: ion consist of more than one atom

The End of the Summary