STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS A Matrix Approach Second Edition GS Pandit Former Senior Professor, Dept. of Stractural Engineering ‘Malaviva National Institute of Technology, Joipur SP Gupta Former Professor and Head, Dept of Structural Engineering ‘Malavtya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 4 Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited NEW DELHI ‘WeGraw-Hil Offices New Delhi Now York StLouis San Francisco Auckland Bogoté Caraca Kuala Lamnput Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal ‘San Juan Santiago Singapore Sydney Tokyo TorontoCONTENTS Foreword xi i Preface 10 the Second Edition sit Preface ” List of Symbols ai 1. Basic Concepts 1 | 1.1 Inoduction 1 | 1.2 Classification of Structures 1 1.3 Bquations of Static Equilibrium 3 14 Tnternal Forces 4 15 Free-body Diagrams 5 1.6 Degree of Static Indeterminacy. 9 | 1.7 Degree of Kinematic Indeterminacy 19 18 Subility 25 1.9 Settlement of Supports 27 Problems 30 2. Basic Methods of Structural Analysis 35 a 2.1 Structural Response 35 2.2 Fundamental Assumptions 36 23° Sign Convention 39 24 Generalized System of Coordinates 40 25 Swain Energy Expressions 45 2.6 Principle of Conservation of Energy 50 | 2.7 Maxwell's Reciprocal Theorem 50 28 Generalized Reciprocal Theorem 54 29 Principle of Virtual Work 58 2.10 Castighiano’s Theorem 60 2.11 Minimum Energy Theorem 65 2.12 Unitoad Method 65 2.13 Conjugate-beam Method 78 2.14 Stifivess of a Prismatic Member 84 2.15 Slope-deflection Equations 91 (SEAContents 2.16 Some Standard Results 94 7. Pin-jointed Plane Frames 38 Problems 97 | 711 Introduction 318 | 7.2. Displacement of a Pin-jointed Plane Frame 318 3. Determinants and Matrices 104 73 Force Method 323 3. Deferminants 104 TA Stiffness of a Pin Joint 337 3.2. Matrices 105 75. Member Forces 342 3.3 Matrix Addition and Subtraction 109 7.6 Displacement Method 345 3.4 Matrix Multiplication 170 7.1 Comparison of Methods 362 3.5. Matrix Inversion 115 Problems 362 3.6 Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations 124 3.7 Condiioning of Matrices 120 | 8. Rigid-jointed Space Frames 370 Problems 130 8.1 Introduction 370 82. Force Method 377 4. Flexibility and Stiftess Matrices 133 83. Stifness of Rectangular Frames 378 4.1 Flexibility and Stiffness 733 84° Siiffiness of Grid Structures 390 4.2. Flexibility Matrix 138 | 85 Displacement Method 407 43° Stiffness Matrix 142 86 Comparison of Methods 411 4.4 Relationship between Flexibility Matrix and | Problems 412 Stiffness Matrix 133 " as 4S Force and Displacement Methods 170 jointed Space Frames | Introduction 475 ‘Tension coefficient Method 415 Problems 181 5. Continuous Beams 18s i Displacement of Pin joined Space Prames_423 S.A Introduction 1185 j Force Method 431 | $2. Force Method 185 | Stifness ofa Pinjoim 434 5.3 Displacement Method 199 i Member Forces 439 544 Comparison of Methods 222 i Displacement Method 440 Problems 222 CCompasison of Methods 442 Rigid-jointed Plane Frames 227 Problems 40 6.1 Introduction 227 | 10, Comparison of Force and Displacement Methods “0 62 Force Method 227 10.1 Introduction 447 6:3 Shear Equations for Rigit-joined Frames 245 102. Stepwise Comparison 448 64 Stifness ofa Rigid Joine 247 103 Choice of Released Stracture 450 6.5. Siiffuess Matrix for Rectangular Frames 252 Jo Restrained Stuctoe 456 66 Displacement Method 250 105 Nombering of Coontinates 460 67 Displacement Method for Non-tectangular Frames 300 106 Matrix Size 468 68 Comparison of Methods 310 10.7 Conctsions 472 Problems 311 Problems 474 ee