ENVIRONMENTAL LAW CLASS ASSIGNEMENT

PROFESSOR S.K. BALASHANMUGAM

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

SUBMITTED ON

19/2/19

BY

VIESAKAN ( BC0150031)

SUBASH( BC0150028)
 PART-1

Environment:
1. Environment defined under S.2(a) of Environment Protection Act, 1986
as "environment" includes water, air and land and the inter- relationship which exists
among and between water, air and land, and human beings, other living creatures, plants,
micro-organism and property".

2. As defined in Article 2 of Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992.

"biological diversity means the variability among living organisms from all sources including,
inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which
they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
Sustainable development:

3. Stockholm declaration 1972 – “man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and
adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity an well
being and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment of present
and future generation”

Brundtland report – “ development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.”

the focus of sustainable development is far broader than just the environment. It's also about
ensuring a strong, healthy and just society. This means meeting the diverse needs of all people in
existing and future communities, promoting personal wellbeing, social cohesion and inclusion,
and creating equal opportunity.

4. Eco-system and its kinds:

“An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components
of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These
biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and
energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and
between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass
specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).

Ecosystems come in three types. These are:

 Freshwater ecosystems: a freshwater ecosystem can be defined as a small area equal to just
about 1.8% of the earth's surface. This ecosystem has variety of life such as flora and fauna.
Freshwater plankton is also available.

 Terrestrial ecosystems: the terrestrial ecosystem encompasses seven major ecosystems such
as the tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, temperate grasslands, deciduous forests,
coniferous forest, and tundra. Location of a place and climate patterns affect terrestrial
ecosystems in a major way.

 Ocean ecosystems: Ocean ecosystem covers about 75% of the planet. About 40% of all
photosynthesis happens in oceans

5. Explain the inter-relationship between ecology, environment & ecosystem?

Firstly in the broadest sense, the term ‘Environment’ refers to the largely every single
component right from the microscopic organisms to the surrounding wherein organisms live. In
connection, the term ‘environment’, the term ‘Ecosystem’ refers to a more specified functional
unit wherein living organisms coexist and interact among themselves and with non-living
organisms. Lastly, in connection to the above two terms ‘Ecology’ refers to the study of
relationships and interactions of living organisms with one another and the surrounding
‘environment’.

6. Explain the role of ecology in our lives?

The outcome of studying the relationship between living organisms is very important. This study
helps humans to realise and to understand the crucial connection of various organisms amongst
themselves and the environment or an ecosystem as a whole. The result of this helps us to better
develop and more sustainable means as to how to use the resources without causing much
damage to the environment.
PART - II
Geographical structure
Trichy is a district within the state of tamil nadu .it is located apporxmately at the geographical
centre of the state . it spreads over an area of about 4,404square kilometers. It is surrounded by
several districts
 Salem
 Namakkal
 Perambalur
 Ariyalur
 Thajavur
 Pudukottai
The two major rivers flowing through trichy are laveri andnits tributary kollidam in addition to
this the kudamurutti,kuroaiyur and uyyakondan channels flow through trichy as well. A belt
of Cretaceous rock known as the Trichinopoly Group runs to the north-east of the city, and to the
south-east there are layers of archaean rocks, granite and gneiss covered by a thin bed
of conglomeratic laterite.The region falls under Seismic Zone III, which is moderately vulnerable
to earthquakes

Climate change
Tiruchirappalli experiences a tropical savanna climate. ith no major change in temperature
between summer and winter. With an annual mean temperature of 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) and monthly
average temperatures ranging between 25 °C (77 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F),[99] the city is the hottest
in the state. The warmest months are from April to June. As of November 2013, the highest
temperature which occurred on 2 May 1896ever recorded in Tiruchirappalli was 43.9 °C. From
June to September, the city experiences a moderate climate tempered by heavy rain and
thundershowers. Rainfall is heaviest between October and December
because of the north-east monsoon winds, and from December to February the climate is cool
and moist

Demographics
According to the 2011 Indian census, Tiruchirappalli had a population of 847,387, 9.4% of
whom were under the age of six, living in 214,529 families within the municipal corporation
limits. The recorded population density was 5,768/km2 (14,940/sq mi) while the sex ratio was
975 males for every 1,000 females. The Tiruchirappalli urban agglomeration had a population of
1,022,518, and was ranked the fourth largest in Tamil Nadu and the 53rd in India as of
2011.[1] The city had an average literacy rate of 91.37%, significantly higher than the national
average of 73.00%

The city's population is predominantly Hindu. Muslims constitute about twenty percent and there
is also a considerable Christian population. Sikhs and Jainsare present in smaller
numbers. Roman Catholicsin Tiruchirappalli are affiliated to the Roman Catholic Diocese of
Tiruchirapalli while Protestants are affiliated to the Trichy–tanjore diocese of the Church of
South India

Soil
The type of soil that is found in trichy is Silty.this can be attributed to its characteristics. The
soil has a property has a distinct quality of holding on to the ground and being cold which is
mainly due to its ability to hold water. This type of soil can be found in areas where water
resources such as lakes or ponds are present or were present.

Black soil is also found in trichy it mainly is found is agricultural pockets of trichy.

Vegetation
The vegetation that is found in trichy mainly pertains to that of deciduous tropical grasslands.
Water requiring plants as well as drought crops are grown in trichy depending upon the
availability of water at the time of year. Bananas rice sugarcanes are widely grown in and around
trichy

Usage of fertilizers in trichy

Tamil nadu is known for its high consumption of fertilizers for the purpose of increasing yield in
agriculture. Farmers in trichy mainly use bio fertilizers or bio inoculants as a substitute for
nitrogen potash phosphorous also known as NPK. However recent studies has revealed that the
over usage of the same has lead to severe loss in the fertitliy of the soil.which is a serious issue
and has to addressed as quickly as possibly.

Transport
The most commonly used modes of local transport in Tiruchirappalli are the state government-
owned Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) buses, and auto rickshaws
Tiruchirappalli forms a part of the Kumbakonam division of the TNSTC. The city has two major
bus termini; Chatram Bus Stand and Central Bus Stand, both of which operate intercity services
and local transport to suburban areas. iruchirappalli sits at the confluence of two major National
Highways—NH 45 and NH 67.NH 45 is one of the most congested highways in south India and
carries almost 10,000 lorries on the Tiruchirappalli–Chennai stretch every night. Other National
Highways originating in the city are NH 45B, NH 210 and NH 227. State highways that start
from the city include SH 25 and SH 62. Tiruchirappalli has 715.85 km (444.81 mi) of road
maintained by the municipal corporation
Energy resource

Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity
Board (TNEB). Tiruchirappalli is the headquarters of the Trichy region of TNEB. The city and
its suburbs form the Trichy Metro Electricity Distribution Circle, which is subdivided into six
divisions.A chief distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters at Tennur Water
supply is provided by the Tiruchirappalli City Corporation. The city gets its drinking water
supply from the Kaveri River and 1,470 bore wells linked to 60 service reservoirs in and around
the city. Four of the six head works from which the city gets its water supply are maintained by
the municipal corporation and the rest by other agencies.

Pollution

Pollution has been a major concern in Tiruchirappalli. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control
Board has set up five stations in the city to check the quality of air.As of 2012, about 432 tonnes
(432,000 kg) of solid waste are produced in the city every day.Solid waste management in the
city is handled by the corporation; places such as the Gandhi Market, Central Bus terminus and
the Chathram bus terminus are being monitored by other agencies. The principal landfill is at
Ariyamangalam. Waste water management in the Trichy-Srirangam underground drainage
(UGD) areas is handled by the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) and in
other areas by the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation. As of 2013, there were a total of
40,580 UGD connections maintained by the municipal corporation.The high toxicity of the waste
water released by the Trichy Distilleries and Chemicals Limited (TDCL) is a major cause of
concern for the corporation. The corporation's annual expenditure for

the year 2010–11 was estimated to be ₹1,559.4 million (equivalent to ₹2.3 billion or
US$32 million in 2017)] In 2013, researchers from Bharathidasan University assessed water
quality in the Tiruchirappalli area and concluded that although the quality of the groundwater
was suitable for human consumption, the quality of the pond water in the city was "not fit for
human usage, agricultural or industrial purposes".
PART - III

S.no name
1

Common street dog

(canis lupus familiaris)

2 Peacock
(pavo cristatus)
3 Dragonfly
(anisoptera)

4 Frog
(anura)
5 Red ants
(solenopsis)

6 Common fly
(dipteral)
S.No Environmental pollution/ degradation Reason

1. The huge pile of

degradable waste and
plastic were found
behind the hostel. This is
because the kitchen
waste is being just
dumped behind the
hostel.

2. There were glass and

plastic bottles found in
the drain.

3. Due to lack of water the

soil looses its vegetative
capacity.
4. The huge pile of
degradable waste and
plastic were found
behind the hostel. This is
because the kitchen
waste is being just
dumped behind the
hostel.

5. The improper drainage

system in the university
leads to leakage of drain
water from the ground.
This becomes breeding
place for bacteria and
virus.

6. The cement waste from

the construction of sites
is left on the soil. This
will prevent plants from
growing.
7. The cement which is used
for construction is left on
the road unattended.

Measures to overcome environmental hazards:

To prevent environmental pollution every individual in the campus has a duty and responsibility.
The university should comply with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and
regulations, university policy. We should observe environmental, health and safety related signs,
posters, and warning signals. Everyone should learn about the potential hazards associated with
their work and their surroundings. The students or the university should conduct and participate
in health and safety training programs. Since our University is in a dry land we need to Plant
more trees. Planting trees will give the soil more nutrition. The university should devise a proper
waste management system and also the management should try to keep the university clean. It is
also the duty of the students to not to litter the campus. A proper food treatment plan should be
installed in the campus. Also while constructing new buildings or while improving the
infrastructure in the campus the management should make sure that the chemical material does
not affect the environment. Use energy-efficient fluorescent lights and properly recycle them
when they are spent. Turn off lights when not in use. The vice chancellor is responsible to ensure
the implementation and overall effectiveness of the University's environmental, health and safety
programs. Determine, with the advice of the Environmental, Health and Safety Policy
Committee or faculty committees related to particular environmental, health and safety matters,
appropriate levels of responsibility on the campus for fulfilling the University's commitment to
provide a safe environment and to conduct its operations in compliance with applicable laws and
regulations and accepted practices for health, safety and environmental protection. The
management should inform employees and students that hazardous materials and hazardous
waste, except as expressly authorized by regulations or campus licenses or permits, may not be
disposed of via the sewer system, regular trash, fume hoods or other unsafe or environmentally
damaging routes; and to stress the importance of proper hazardous material/waste management.