EAIIITl1HA. Ilpnurnnra. cu. 9-10. 199~-1999.

YLlK 72 (497.1) (091)

Cepatpuu C. IIl1KOJIHn

YI'EAHA APXI1TEKTYPA llPII3PEHA, llEliII

II llPIImTIIHE I1lbEHII TPA,UI1UIIOHAJIHII
II HAIJJIOHAJIHII EJIEMEHTII

Yp6ana apxirrexrypa rpanoua Flpnspeua. Tlehn II Tlpnnrrnne. crupa II

canpexrena, nacrana je xao llPOi\YKT IhllXOBUX rpynxnnja II xapax'repa. 3601' 'rora
ce IhllXOB OnIllTU n apxirrexroncxa p,I3BojUIl nyr MO:>Ke npaTIITIJ II CIIM60JllIMa
xojn y npocropy II npesreny uoce neuar TpaJ.(Hl~uOUaJIHe II rrauaouanne
apxllTcKTypC. Hcxra cysrn.e na IhIIXOBa cnnpexseaa yp6ana rpopMa n crpyxrypa y
cnojy ca crapmr yp6aHllM TKIIBOM ne.nyje 6oJ'(lTnjc.
3u;I t laj rpanona Ilcbu, Ilpuspena (pernonannux nerrrapa) II Ilpnnrnme
(uonrrrnuxor, xynrvpnor II exonosrcxor ucnrpa) ua npocropy Kocona II
Mcroxnje ynoruyn.yje II tIlfH>cnUI~a na cy y IblIMa ca-rynann ofinnun
apXIrfCKTOHcKor rpahen.a nmnenannonannux If BUIlleeTHIPIKllX xynrypa. Ocnu
llITO cy OIlU KOAOBII spcxrena II peucpll pasuoja yp6anor 'rxnna y IblIMa. OUll
rrpencrann.ajy suauajue ofijex're apxn-rexroncxor rpabeu.a xojn cy IlManIl onpns
na canpexrene 06jeKTe. no rpOpMII. no ua-nury rpahcn.a II no CIlM60nIIMa
rpanmmonannor- II nm~I10HaJIJlOr y IbIlMa.

KJhY'l/U! peuu: yp6ana apxIITcKTypa. 'rpamumoaamra Il naunouamm cIIM6onIl.

pusnoj apxrrrexrype

Yptianuciiiusuco iinauupau.e OOPaJlca8U .JIC1l801U jeone

eiioxe, a apxuiiietciiiypa u.eu ()yx.
Charles Eduard Jeanneret - LE CORBUSIER
256 Cepaqnnr C. HUKOJIlIh

I. YBO,U

TIo MHIllJhClhY A. Pocnja, ypriana apxnrexrypa .Ie .n.yncxa

'ruopcaana :>KCJhCHa xao TaKBa, I JJ:OK npyra II03HaTJi TCOpCTlPlap
apxarexrypc - P. BCH'fypH Ka)J(C: ~,... apxm-exrypa jc CBOJIyTlfBHa
KOJIHKO If PCBOJIYQlIOHapHa".2
PaJJ:H H3HaJIa:>KCllia CTBapHHX cHMGOJIa TpanHQHOHaJIHOr H
HaI\HOHaJIHOr y apxarexrypn rpanona TIpH3pcHa, Ilchn Ii TIpl1II1THHC,
HCH36c)J(Ha je norpefia fhHXOBor carncnaaaa,a y l\C;mHH, C 063IfpOM na TO
JJ:a CBH CJICMCH1'H rpana y-rccrsyjy y rpopsorpan.y "lhl1XOBC JWIllC" - ame de
la cite ()Kop:>K CaJIo), HJIH KaKO je E. Bornanonah pexao: " ... qUBCK jc
onynex 6IlO 06y3C1' rparaa.esr aa CMHCJIOf,1 rpana, aJIl1 11 na ce rpan MO)J(C
JJ:cq)lIHlfCa1'H caxio aKO CC npCQH3HO 1l0nC)J(e ca npocropov H npeMCHOM"'-'
Y caupcxicno n06a nocroje ayropa KOjI1 cy ce 6aB11JIH IfnI! cc 6aBC
H3YllaBalhcM OBa TpH rpana ca pa3JIWII11'Or aCIICK1'a, ann n cnaxaxo ca
acnexra llCTOPlIlIHOCTll. Osaj aCIICKT ncrpaxcanan,a y npnu IIJIaH ncrn-rc
"JIIIHlljy :>KIfllOTa,,4 rpana, ITa caMHM THM If n.erony ypriany apxirrcxrypy
xao IIOCJIeJ~lll\Y. Kana je pe-r 0 TIpH3pCHy, HCIIITO ce BHlIIC H uoysnanujc
sua.'
3nalJaj llCTOPlfllHOCTIf je nCJIIfKll KOJ~ rpanona xojn nocenyjy npCTt:HC
cnOMCHIIKC II 3HaMCHHTC l~CJIHHC crapor yptianor 1'KIIBa. I-bIIXOB sua-raj
fl

HC MO)J(C YMaI-bHTH H)UXOBa .IJ,l1MCH3uja, jcp jc KBaJIHTC1' ja-nr U 6UTlUljl1 on

7
IbC.

I A. Pocn. A/JXlIlTieKITtY/JlI i/uu)a, I'paheunncxa xu.nra - Dpe~II1c. Beorpan, crp.

254.
2 P. BeIITYpu, Cnoscenociii II fi/)(JITtIlHype'/1/0ClU y opxuiiietciiivpu, Fpaheeuncxa
xn.nra, Beorpan 1989.90.
'B. Bornanonah. URBS & LOGOS, I'pannna. Ecorpan 1976. 10--11.
4 G. Cullen. Fpaocicu iiejsio«, Tpahcarmcxa xu.nra, Beorpan 1990. 111.

5 () apxtrrexrypn rpana Ilpmpeua IIOCTojC 6POjlIC CTYAuje. a MCl)y auannjnujmra

cy: C. M. Henanonab. Kvh« y Il puspeuy, CTapUHC KOCOBa. ITpUlIITllHa 1961. 219-257: 3.
Ilerpouuh, Tpaiujyhu sa ap.nllTiefauyp(J.H, Beorpan 1981; E. Kojuh, Ciiiupa tcyliu y
TW/((JHlIl(II, Ilelui u Ilpuepen», fJIa.cIIIIK Cxoncxor uaysmor APYIlITBa III. CKOnJbC 1936; 3.
Flerponnh - E. MlIJICHKOBIIh - C. MaIIJ(lIh. Enatiopaii! satuiiiuiiie epeauociiiu uacnebu
Ilpuspena y 1l.32/U.U)H,1l IWHol, I1AYC. Beorpan 1968; C. HUKOJIllh. Ctiuiu/iena icvlu: y
Ilpuepeny XI 'III-XX eetca, sramcrnpcxn pan, Beorpan 1984: IICTII. Ilpuspen ()() C/)el)H,ei
HeKO ()() caepeuenoi ()()(ja, )];OKTOpCKa nncep'raunja, Beorpan 1997. OiI"OCHO sronorparb-
CKa crynuja nOJ! IICTlIM naCJIOBOM. Ilpnspeu 1998.
(, E. Bomauonuh, nan. ;lCJIo. 18.
7 A. POCII. HaB. ACJIO. 119.
 Ypfiaira apxrrrex'rypa ITpIl3pCHa. Hchn II ITpuIIITIlue 257

HCMa CyMH)C na cy na OCH(my cnor pasnojaor nyra 11 BCJIWIHHC

rpanonn IlpII3pCH, Tleh II ana-rajnn ua nonpyrjy
ITpIIIIITIIHa BCOMa
Kocona H MCTOXHjC. Y l~CJIHHH irocxrarpano,
IbHX013a apxnrercrypa.
HJHXOB AYX, 6IIOMOpepOJIOIlIKH H cO~HjaJIHJJ KapaKTcp noce IlCIlaT BlHUC
xyrrrypa, ypriannx OCOOCHOCTH, 'ronoreorparpcxnx xapaxrepncruxa If
rpamrren.csor nacncha. IlOMCHyTC OC06CHOCTl1 Y rrpBI1 nnaa HCTlFIY
HCTOplIjCKC, KyJITypHC, Hal~HOHaJIHC 11 rpa,lJ,I1TCJI)CKC BpC,lJ,HOCTH, a ca
acnexra canpcxrcnor paanoja npormsypeunocra. EC3 o63IIpa na
H
pa3JIlFHITC TOKOBC II CTcrrCHC pasaoja y canpexreno )~06a (upyra
nOJIOBIIHa XX BCKa), na HCII30c)J(Ha cyuen.auau.a H cyxorie, npe cner a y
OCHOBHOj yptianoj I\IaTPH~H, CBII,lJ,CHTHO jc na jc y lliIIMa ca 1lYB3Ha
CH)~CMCK3 BC3a ca npouinomhy - npnencrneuo ca CpC,lJ,HJHI\f BCKOM.
U;HJI) onor nannca je na YK3)J(C na apxrrrcxroncxc O,lJ,J1lIKC ca
acncxra yptianor pasnoja OBIIX rpanona, KOjII rrpcncrann.ajy HJII! Mory
npcncrann.arn KOHTHHyHTCT rpa,lJ,HTCfuCKHX, Tpa,l],Hl~HOHaJIHIIX H HaI~HO­

HaJIHHX BpC,lJ,HOCTII y H)IIMa.

Y npocropnoxr CMHCJIy IIO,l],pyIIjC Kocona H MCTOXHjC HUjC 13CJIUKO,
aJIII JC HCKOM rrpUpO,lJ,HOM, uenpexanyroxi CH,lJ,CMCKOM CHarOM YTIIl~aJIO na
crnapaa,e yjennauene cnpcre (rpocrpane) y MCCTHMa rrOCTaHKa rpanona
IlPIIlIITHHC na ceneponcroxy, Ilcha na cenepoaanany II Ilpnspcna na
jyrosanany. OBa Tpoyracma, TpOCTpaHa cnpera csrarpa ce rJIaBHHM
noneayjyhaxr rpaxropoe: lHITaBor nonpyrja, u.erone npanpcne, KyJITypC,
nexrorparpaje II caoopahaja.
C 063HpOM na TO na jc rpancxo nacerse Moryhc IICKa3aTH HCKIIM
MCPfuIIBIIM BpC,lJ,HOCTHMa HJIH BCJIlFIImaMa, xnrora TO II lHIHC -
CTaTHCTWlapH, nYTonHC~H, HHCTHTYl~Hjc. MepJI)IIBy BCJIWnmy rpana
MO)J(CMO HCKa3aTH H HCKHM rrornyno npyrauajmr BpC,lJ,HOCTIIMa y O,lJ,HOCY
na YCTaJbCHC. 3aTO CC MO)J(C nOCTaBHTH IIIITaH)C: KaKO je Moryhc na y TOj
rpocrpauoj, Tp03rJIo6Hoj cnpean nocroja panHOTC)J(a, H UITa jc TO UITO
nanac y 3rJIo6Hoj TalIKH TIpIJIIITHHa, no MaCH, BCJIlFII1HH nehoj y O,l],HOCY
na npyre ABC nenocraje, HJIH UITa jc TO IIlTO npyre ABC MalLC HMajy II lHIHH
HX ypaBHOTC)l(CHUM, jCAHaKHM ca npnou?
Hajcrapnja yp6mm TparOBH OBHX nacersa HC no'rn-ry H3 IICTor
BpCMCHa, aJIU cy IIM TparOBH ncrpancxor TIHIa BCOMa CTapH. TaKO ce
H3BCCHO 3Ha na jc y oxnnpy rpancsor TKHna TIpUlIlTHHC, y 6JIH3UHII
YlJHTCfuCKC lIlKOJIC, nocrojano nacerse y IV nexy crape cpe, Y3 oriarry
Tlehxe EHCTPH~C aa rreparpepaja TIChH pHMCKO, a y 6JIH3IJHH upxse Cn,
apxanbena y xranacrupy CB. apxanhenn KO,lJ, IlpII3pCHa npaucropajcxa
258 Cepacpmi C. HUKOJIIlh

xyha - KOJlH63.1': MC1)YTflM, pa3130j OBflX nacen.a (xacnnjc rpanoea) TeKao

je p33JllPHITO, na, rrpexra TOMe, U IbHXOB ypriatra UACHTMTCT.
Y pasuojy yptiaae apXJITCKTypc OBHX HaCCJl~a, 0)1. aajcrapnjax
06jCK3T3 no IIOMCHy, MJlI1 ca-rynanux xra'repnjarmax OCTaTaKa nocroje fI
pa3JlHKC, THUUC xao MoryhH yitiuuaju .vp60/l02. paseoja, iipeoenahvjytu:
apxuiuetciiiype, sna-uija 1I ueciiia tutciiiatuca KOjM cy UMami y KOHTeKcTy
HCTOpMjCKIIX 36HB,uLa ua nonpynjy Kocona 11 Meroxnje II TImpe. HCKM OA
YTI1L~aja cy caCBlIM O)1.PC1)CHIf 0)1. cpeun.er BCK3, a HCKI1 cy xacnnja, H3 I
IIOCJlC;:~fuHX ncuenaja onor BCK3. C 063UpOM na TO na HaM je naxrepa na
CKCnJlHu,HTHO YKa)KCMO na najnascnaje rpaxrope yrnnaja, OCBpT jc
usnpmea 0)1. lIpBHX IIpen03HaTJl~I1BHX CJlCMCHaTa yprinca y lh11M3, na CBC
AO npyre nOJlOBI1HC XX BCKa.

II. YTl1IJ,AJ YPEAHOr PA3BOJA, DPEOBJIAT>YJYEE

APXJ1TEKTYPE, 3HAY:AJA 11 MECTA HACTAHKA DPI13PEHA,
DEEM 11 I1PHllITHHE HA I10JABY TPAnJ1IJ,I10HAJIHI1X 11
HAIJ,110HAJIHI1X EJIEMEHATA Y thHXOBOJ YPEAHOJ
APXHTEKTYPH On crsnu.sr BEKA no nAHAC

11/1. I1PH3PEH

Hajcrapnja n03HaTl1 nOMCHH - 3anHCI1 0 I1pU3pCHy HaCTaJlH cy y

A06a BM33HTfljC, O)1.HOCHO Y XI BeKy.'J T3n3 CC MCCTO I1pH3pCH noxran,e
xao CCJlHIIITe Ermcxonajc y KOMC cy CTOJlOBamI rptIKI1, 3 xpahe BpCMC 11
Gyrapcxn CIUICKOIII1. I10CTOjC pCaJlHC npCTIIOCTaBKC na je EIIllcKOIUIja y
ITpI13pCHy nocrojana 11 paHI1jc. 11J thCHO ce)1.HIlITC je najaepoaarnnje 6HJlO
npu B113aHTI1jcKoj Oa3HJll1u,H, lilTO ce aa xacunje BpCMe lIOY3A3HO 3Ha.
Yp03HM pasnoj I1P113PCH3 0)1. X no XIII BCKa, y )1.06a BJl3naBI1HC
BU3aHTujc, TCK30 je y CKJl3)1.y ca lhcrOBflM npCB3CXO)1.HHM xapaxrepoxr Ii
3H3tIajcM. Hecyxm.aao je na My je npCB3CXOnHlI xapaxrep 6HO BCpCKII,
jcp je OlIO CCAlIIlITC EnlIcKOIUIje, a ana-raj BOjHfI, jep je CJIy)KlIO xao
nocnenn.a onopana ceuepmrx rpannua Bmarrrnje npexra cpncxasr

~ Panone ncrpaacnnan.y nsnco je Pcny6JIll'lKII 3aBOn aa aaurnrry

na apXeOJIOlllKOM
CllOMCHHKa KyJIType. 1993. ronnne.
~ Flonen,a nasaarujcxor napa Bacannja II 113 1018-1019. IJOMlllbC na on najc
Oxpnncxoj apxaermcxonajn II Ilpuspcncxy enncxornrjy, yn. Cr. Honaxonuh. OXPW)cfW
apxuriiucxoiiuja y a()'/euacy XI eexa, [jlaC CKA LXXVII. 1908. 1--62.
III C. HHKOJIuh. Ilpuepeu ()() cpel)H,el HeKlI ()() CtfHpe"ltef/()z ()(}()1I, ITp1l3pCH 1998, 47.

I
 Yptiana apxrrrex'rypa Tlpnapena. I'Iehn II ITPIllJITlllIC 259

acxin.asra. I1Majyhn OBaKaB xapaxrcp II ana-raj, y rpancxoj apxurexrypn

npeonnahnnann cy oojexru caxpanue 11 cpoprarpmcamtjcxc apxrrrexrypc.
a nocrojau.y o6jcKaTa caKpaflHC apxirrexrype H3 ouor IICplIOna 3HaMU
ua ocnony ca llYBaHI1X uenoua jCJ~He Ga3I1JUIKC, ua lJHjUl\l jc OCTal~I1Ma
KpaJI> Crccpan II Ml1JIYTI1H 1306-1307. rOJ~IIHC nonarao KaTCApaJIHy
upxny Boropommy Jbenmrncy. CallYBaHH OCTaI(II, lICTIIHa l\ta.Jl0GpojHlI. ira
TBpl)aBl1-rpal~y 113 XI BCKa CBCH(VIC 0 nocrojan.y TI~pl)aBc y TO BpCMC.
11

KaCHl1jl1 pasnoj TIp1I3pCHa. y l~()Oa nnanapa I13 JI03C Hcxtan.uha

(XIII-XV I3CK) nouprnra OCIfM nepcxor II nojnor xapaxrcpa II l~pyrc:
ITpCCTOHIf, TpronalIKlI, 3aHaTCKIf H TpaH3IITHII, lIITO cc onpaxcana na
n.crony ypoany apxwrcKTypy. Ona jc 'rana CBaKaKO GoraTuja orinnuuxra
rpahcu.a, xoja OCI1M OCHOBHOr. nacrrehcnor II vrnuajnor B113aHTujcKor
rryxa. ,a:oonja HOBC CJICMCHTC, TaK03BaHC paruxe lIIKOJIC. TOMe, OCI1M a
I~PKI3C Eoroponnue JbCBI1II1KC, CBClWlJC 6pOjHC BJIaCTCJIHHCKe ~PKBC 12 II
xrairacrrrp Cn. apxanhcnn KOJ{ ITp1I3pCHa.
BJIaCTCJIIIHCKC I~pKBe H I~pKBa Boroponnna JbcnHIIIKa
upencrann.ajy KOgOBC n pcnepe pasuoja cpcglhOBCKOI3HOr yprianor TKI1Ba
Ilpuspcua, a y yxynnoj apxarcx'rypa rpana nauac CI3aKaKO 11
najsna-rajnnje 06jCKTC ca TpaJ{l1I~110HaJIHnM II HaI~IIOHa.JIHnM CJIeMeHTl1Ma.
BpeMcnCKII KO,a: If pasaojna IT)"r Ilpnspena, 6e3 orisnpa na xacnuja
norpahanan,a II ¢OpTlf¢llKaI~l1jcKC KapaKTcpllCTIIKC, I1Ma II crapa
rnphana-rpan Kan.aja. n
Y 1(06a nl1IlICnCKOBHC nnanannne Typaxa-Ocxianrnrja (XV-XX BCK)
ypriana apxnrcxrypa Ilpaapcna A0611ja nona ofienexqa. Ona ce pasnuja
lion yrnuajcxr lICJIaMCKC apxarexrype, npe cncra rpann.oxr (ipojuux
caxpananx oojexara, I,IaMI1ja, Typ6cTa, rcxuja, xrcnpcca, ann H ofijexara
14
nporpane apXI1TeKTypc.

II ITpCJIIIMUUapun U3BCUJTaj 0 apXCOJIOmKUM IIC'TpaA(IIRalhIlMa Ira Kan.ajn II3 1969.

rO,UlIIlC. apxuna 3aBo):(a aa saurrury CIIOMClIJIKel KyJITypC YFlpnspeuy.

12 Mehy najo-rysaunje BJIaCTCJIUnCKC I(pKBe y Tlpmpcny. a I1CKC 0;1, ILIIX cy II
ofinoun.ene, cnanajy: upxna C13. Cnaca, BJIaCTCJIlIna M.TlanCIIa Bnanojeunha, 1I3 XIV II.:
upxna CB. HIIKOJIC (Tyrnha) II3 XIV nexa: upxna CB. Hene.n,e IImI Bauencn,a J;Ol'0POHIl-
'III II or. II03lIaTa II xao upxna Mnanor xpan.a Mapxa ('1). XIV B.: npxsa CII. HIlKOJIC
(Pajxona ). 113 XIV BCKa. Ocua OBIIX, UO UOMellY II HC3HilTUUM ocmunnn II03UiljCl\f() II
l\PKBC Cs. Hnnjc. Cn. Borojaun.cn,a. CB. .JCJICUC, CB. HIIKOJIC. CB. Flerpa, e13. DaIlTeJIC-
jxroua, CBe I13 XIV uexa, xao II l\pKBY CB. "gop!)a fipahe Pynonaha II3 XVI nexa.
1.1 Kan.aja jc TypCKH lfa3UB aa TBp!)clBy-rpan y Ilpuspcny.
14 Ccl'lyB,IIJC cy 6pojlle uaxmje, Me!)y KOjUMil cy uajsna-rajmrje: uasnrja MCXMl.::I~-lIa­
nre (XVI B.), I,IaMuja Cnnan-naure (XVII B.) II C03I1 uaxrnja (XVI E.): 3aTIIM II xaMaM fa311
Mexxren-naurc (XVI B.), Typ6c MCXMCH-uamc, Megpcca MCXMCH-IIalllC: caxar KyJIa.
260 Ceparpm« C. HUKOJIIIh

Mebyrusr, nocetiao je Ba)KHO ncraha na je ypriana MaTpHI~a If3

cpenn.er BCKa nOCJIy)KIfJIa KaO OCHOBa pasuoja, 06JIIfKa na tl3K If
xapaxrepa Ilpaspeua If y OBO A06a. Pa3BIfjcHIf 06JIlU~II rpancxor )KIIBOTa
II3 CpCAI-LCr BCKa CC HaCTaBJI)ajy, 6C3 063IIpa na npOMCHC KOjC cy TypU,H
yBCJIII. Y I-LCMy CC paasnjajy rpancxa 1I mapa yrrpaua," TprOBIfHa,
3aHaTCTBO, aa lJlljC IIOTpe6c ce rpanc HOBll apXllTeKTOHCKII 06jCKTlI KOjlI
nonpnuajy opHjcHTaJIHC, HCJIaMCKC KapaKTcpHCTlIKC.
Y nOCJICAI-LHM AClI,CHlIjaMa TypcKe BJIaAaBHHC, xpajcsr XIX U
lIOtleTKO~1 XX BCKa y I1pU3pCHy nponapy HOBlI yrnuaju, CBponCKlI. OHU
CC ourryjy na 06jcKTlIMa CaKpaJIHC (xplIlIIhaHCKC) 1I nporpane
apxarexrype H TaAa ypoaaa apxarexrypa nocraje (iora-ruja 1I
pasuonpcnaja. Fpabeuu cy 06jCKTlI sa jasne norperie 1I IIIKOJIe,lh TC ,nBC
xplIIIlBaHCKe lI,pKBC - rrpaBOCJIaBHa upxna CB. nopl)a 1I KaTOllWIKa CB.
Boroponnuc Mapnje, KaTCJI,pam-JOr xapaxrepa. UpKBC CB. 'Bopha 1I CB.
Eoroponunc Mapaje nanac cy najmauajnnja xpaurhancxu BCpCKH
06jCKTlI uonnjer rra'rysra, jep OCIfM urro Y cc6n IfMajy npenoanarn.ane
(!\13ILe HJIIf BMIIIe) Tpal~lIlI,llOHaJ1He II HaI~HOHaJIHe CJICMeHTC rpabcu,a,
snauajao cy noxpenyne CKOpO nornyuo sasipo )KlIBOT xpumhana rpaua,
saxaan.yjyha If CBOM I~CHTpaJIHOM nonoscajy y OJl,HOCy na ypiiaao TKHBO
rpana.
CaBpeMCHlI pasnoj Ilpaspena, 1I3Mel)y ABa CBCTCKa para If nOCJIe
Ilpyror, lIO MHoro tICMy jc cnemrrpa-ran If Jl,OHCKJIC opurnuanan, IIITO jc
HMaJIO onpasa II na I-LCroBy apxn'rexrypy. Ynopeno ca TaKBHM paaeojexi
na n.erony ypriany apxarexrypy YTHI~aJIH cy H CJICMCHTH npeonnabyjyhe
apxnrexrype, MCCTa H snauaja rpana xao cpennnrra Jy)KHC Mcroxnje.
360r rora, y lI,eJIHHU 1I0CMaTpaHO, OHa ce MO)KC 6JlIf)Ke OApe).~IfTH, BIflIIC
OKBHpHO, xao TpaAHlI,llOHaJIHa KOJIMKO H caspenena, naunoaanaa KOJIMKO
H CHAeMCKa, opMrMHaJIHa 110 IIpcn03HaTJI)IIBOM, MaH)C paJl,lfKaJIHOM
yruuajy HHTepHall,llOHaJIHOr CTMJIa If rrOCTMOJl,epHC. Jep, 06JIHlI,lI
apXlfTeKTOHCKor rpaben,a, fullXOBa epopMa M npauen.ea apXHTeKTOHCKIf
je3HK HHCy Jl,OCTHrJIH BMCOK HMBO caBpCMCHOCTIf, OClIM HCKOJIMKO
H3Y3CTaKa. 17 JatIll YTHI~aj TpaJl,MlI,MOHaJIHe a MaI-L1f Hall,lfOHaJIHC

TeKuja XaJIBeTu. xyhe llIex 3afJ,e. Illaan-name. AneM are "Bona. noponnna Tpaacna,
Tlepona U HP.
1.<; Ilpmpen je cenaurre canuaxa a 3aTIlM n nnnajera.

111 3rpan e cyna, 6oJInu~e. saraopa, KOl13yJIaTa. mKOJIe na TypCKOM - Hnannje,

I'puxe mKOJIe. Cpncxe npaBOCJIaBUe 60rOCJIOBIlje II llIKOJIe sa Tpnma'IKe haxe - Mnauen
Yrapeaah.
17 Canon naueurraja 1980. srpana nose fianxe - 1985.
 Yptiaua upxnrexrypa Flpnspcun. Tlehn II TIpllUlTIWe 261

apxarexrypc BI1AJbl1B je na HCKI1M 06jcKTHMa 3a IIH)~mmgyaJIHO

craaonaa.e II y HOEHM TprOnalJKHM l\CHTpUMa. l :-> Onaxau pasnoj rpaACKC
apxnrex'rype je BepOBaTHO IJOCJIc)un~a yrnuaja HaCJIcl)CHHX BPC)~H()CTII
rpamrrcn.cxor nacneha KOjC je cauynauo y nmpnxr 1I0Te3JIMa crapor
yprianor TKuna, ypoane nOJIHTIIKC 11 CKpOMHHX xta'repnjunuax
MoryhHOCTI1 rpana. Cynporno TOMe, upyra nna rpana, Hap(VIl1TO
IlpHUITHHa, H3HCrOBaJIH cy npyra-nrjy ypoany, canpexreuy apxHTcKTypy,
npcnarnameny If KUTH,acTY (Tlch), rpannaosny U peupesenra'nmny
(Ilpaurruaa).

11/2. I1Eli

Hacen.e, xacuaje rpan Fleh, 'llfjU jc crapnjn Ha3UB XBOCHO, jlJ HCJ\l£:l
cauynauax yptianux rparona II3 cpe.uscreexa; oCli~f nch IIoMcHynlx, H3
AoGa paxrcxe BJIaL\aBI1HC. Mehyrn», cpenn.oacxonna U xacnnjn pasnoj
n.eron nyrioxo je Be3aH sa xraaacrap Tlehxa narpnjapnmja, on J-bCrOBOr
OCHI1naJ-ba nOl.ICTKOM XIII BCKa, y KOjU jc 1225. npenero CCnlUllTC Cpncxc
apxaermcxonajc 1I3 xrauacrnpa )KWIC, no nauac. Kana cc TO liMa y I3I1HY,
OH)],a je jacuo lllTO je Ileh Y CpC)],lhCM nexy, l1aKO npocropuo YL\aJbCH OA
ouor :MClHaCTl1pa, CJHIlIHO xao II TIpW:ipCH, npc XII BCKa, UMao
npCmlCXOL\HO BCpCKU sua-raj H xapaxrep. Y cpcnn.cn uexy Guo je Ba)l(HO
MeCTO na nyry KOjU jc noaesnaao ceuepoaananny MCTOXUjy ca 3nC'IaHOM,
Crapau Tprou U CCBCpHIIM xpajeuaxia Cpfiaje, OHHOCHO ca I1CTOlIHOM
.bOCHOM. 211
3Ha l Iaj xranacrapa xao cennurra Cpncxe apxnenncxonnje, a 0)(
1346. Ilarpajapunrje," OCUM nepcxor H ncropajcxor je II 'raj lllTO cy )],0
nanac ouynana najnpennajn AenOnI1. To je apxlITcKTOHCKI1 aucaxitin KOjI1
lIl1HC 'ICTlIplI QPKBC ca 3ajcAHJIlIKOM rrpunparov ca sananne crpanc,
rpaheue y XIII II XIV RCKy.22 OH je CBaKaKO xrorao YTI1QaTII na nojanne

IX HOBII TprOBa'IKO-3anaTCKll J\I::UTPII ua na)Kl\apauII II )' 6JIIJ3mm 'rpra Illanpnan.

IIIK. Jnpeuex, lfnlwpllja Cptia I, Bcorpan 1978.157.
20 r. lllxpunannh, Ilyiiieeu y CJJt~()H,el-1eK(}fllt(}j Cpiiuju, Beorpan 1974 (xapra UYTC-
na KOjU cy nOAIIJIU 113 TIpirspenn);
21 Cpncxa narpnjapumja jc YCTalIOllJbClIa 9. IV B46. na D:P)K<lBlIOM cafiopy y CKO-
nn.y: npecrana je ca pano» 1459, 06UOBJI,CHa 0/\ 1557. HO 1766. nOIlOBO 06HOBJhCHa 1920,
EHllIIIUWLle()lIja II, Ilpocsera. Beorpan, 291.
22 Osaj apXIITeKTOHCKII aucm.t6JI -mne: u;pKna Cs. an ocrona, upxna Cn. D:UMU-
Tpllja. npxna Cn. Boropomrue, MaJIa upxna Cs. HUKOJIC )'3 jy)KlIII 31lH I\PKHC Ca.
Boroponnue II npIlnpaTa apxuermcxona Ilauuna II.
262 Ccparhnx: C. HlIKOJIIIh

06JllIKC apXHTCKTOHCKOr rpahcn,a CaKpaJIHC apxrrrex'rype y caxiox:

HaeCJ},Y Tleha, aIIlI ee 0 TOMC IIOY3nanO HC 3Ha. 3mPlaj OBOr xranacrupa je
6110 BemIKH II y noria nnananmrc Tvpaxa, C 063HPOl\1 na TO na ra jc y
rrcpnony O.Q 1577. rro 1766. rOnlIHC CpIIeKa IWKBa 3a)~p)KaJIa sa Ce)~HIIITC
IT,n'PIIjapumje.
1'b npexrena unananmrc Typaxa (XV-XX B.) c,PlyBaHII cy HCKH
yp6aHo-apxnTCKTOHCKII CJICMCHTII y Tlehn, na caWIM TUM II 06CJ1C.>Kja
n.croue ypoane apxnrexrype. ARC uasnrje -~ EajpaKJUI y CKJIOny rpancxc
uapruajc H Xauasr y 6JIII3IIHH xaxraxra cnanajy y najcrapnjc H uajupennujc,
ya HCKomIKO npyrux ~~O nauac ca-rynauax. OClH,,1 BCpCKIIX otijcxara,
TOKOM XVIII II XIX BCKa (on Kana nocrojc ca'IYBaHlI 06jCKTH) OCHOBC
yprianor TKIIBa II ypoane apxnrexrype lIllHI1:IH cy jaBI-JIf 06jCKTl1 (xaMaMII
II AP.), xyhe sa CTaHOBafhC II 'IapIIIIIjC, rpahcmr TlO opHjcHTaJIHOM H
IICJIaMCKOM 1'30p1', ann H ea nocc6HIIJ\1 06CflC.>Kjm\la 11 KapaKTCplICTIfKaMa.
Kyhe aa cranouaa,e H3 osor ncpnona l' Flehn pahcne c1' IIO 1'30p1'
na rpancxe xyhe nOnH3aHC l' TO 13PCJ\lC II l' npyrnsr rpanoauxra EaJIKaHa
KOjII cy 6IIJIlI non T1'pCKOM nnamhy, aJIH c1' rpahene H na nOTn1'Ho
npyrauaja HatIllH. Ilpse, pahene no 1'30p1', jccy xyhe ucnrpannor IWI1
CIIMCTpIIlJHOr nnana II xyhe aCIIMcTpwIHor nnana. OC11M lIITO nxrajy sa
1'30p (JpHjcHTaJIH1', IICJIaMcK1' K1'h1', IIMaj1' n Gorare, pacxomne onaje rryne
ITJIaCTIIKC II nexopannje l' JI,pncT1'.2_>
AJIII, KaKO pCKOCMO, rpahcue c1' II xyhe nOTn1'Ho npyr-auajer
apxa'rexroucxor rrporpaxia 11 apxarexroucxor jeanxa, K1'hc-K1'JIC. Kyhc
HJIH KaMCHe xyrre cy umnecnparne rpahcnane o3HJJ;aHc TecaHlfM
KaMcHoM, nacrane non yrnuajesr HalJIIHa .>KnBOTa fuIIXOBlfX KOpIICHI1Ka,
n03HaTC TCXHUKC rpal)cfha l' KaMcH1' H Hap0JI,HC, CCOCKC apxuTcKT1'pc
xoja je 6IIJIa pasuajena l' CCOCKIIM cpcnnnasra onor nCJIa Meroxnje."
Ha3IIB K1'ha-K1'JIa je BC3aH aa H,CH cTaMocHn amr II On6paM6cHlf xapaxrcp
Jf canpxcaj.
Pasnoj ypoane apxrrrercrype Tleha II3MCl)1' una CBeTCKa para,
CJllflIHO xao If l' ITpII3pcn1', 6uo jc nOJJ: 1'TIIl~ajcJ\1 crape aJIII II OHOBpCMCHC
rpal~CKC apxrrrexrypc l' Cp6njII, no enponcxoxr 1'30p1', ca npno xrano
25
Hal~IIOHaJIHHX CJICMCHaTa. Ypfiaua apxrrrcxrypa IlOCJIe II cnercxor para.
a HapO'IllTO II3MCl)1' 1970. H 1990. rOJ~IIHC nonpasra 3aHIIMJI,HBC OlVTUKC
KaKO xao ll,CJIIIHa, TaKO II y HCKIIM oCT13apcH>IIMa nojemmana.

2-' ITo3HaTc cy xyhe: xonax Taxnp-fiera, ITIIJIIIHl)ypKa. Ilpornha II Jaurap-uanre.

24 Illepeucr KyJIa.
25 XOTCJI ..KOP30·· Yueurpy Tleha.
 Yp6ana apxtrrexrypn Ilpnspena, Helm II Ilpnnrrmre 263

TIoCJIe CKpOMHHX nOCJIepaTHHx rpa,T.J;HTCJbCKHX 3aXBaTa H noxymaja

yuoruen.a TpaJ\.HlI,llOHaJIHffX H Bal~HOHaJIHllX eneveua'ra," y ypriany
apxrrrexrypy y TIehH BarJIO je KpOlIl1JIa jenna ocoricna canpcsrena
apxarexrypa, na 06jeKTHMa pa3JIWIl1Te iraxrene. ypoanor sua-raja 11
JIOKal~Hje. 3a pa3JIl1KY O,T.J; TIp113pcHa 11 IlpHlllTIIHC, caupexreaa ypoana
apxnrexrypa y Ileha je BeOMa KHTlbaCTa, npeuarnarueua neran.axra na
rpacanaua, ca MHOlllTBOM npuuen.euax xrarepajana M 113pa3a. Ona jc
npncyrna, neh peKOCMO, KaKO na Malbe Ba)KHMM o6jeKTIIMa,27 TaKO II na
ypriaae l~OMIIHaHTe If penepe."
OHllM KOjM npC,T.J;CTaBJI)ajy
Y noxymajy na cc M3Hal)y Y3pOll,M, pa3JI03M ORaKBC nojane y
canpeuenoj rpancxoj apxnrexrypa Ilcha, CTI30peHa cy ,T.J;Ba rnenmtrra.
IlpBO, ,T.J;a je TO rcacn,a xa ncxopaxy ayropa M3 canpejrcue y
xacnouonepny apxarexrypy ua TJIy Jyrocnasaje. ORAe y Ileha
HeOKJIaClPIHIfM, BHIlIe TpaAllll,HOHaJIHllM apXIfTCKTOHCKllM jeaaxoxr
lIl1TJI:>I1BMM na rpacanaxra, CJIIPIHO xao xon XOTeJIa "Bp6aK" y Houoxr
Tlaaapy. Ilpyro - Te)J(lba aanecnrropa sa MCKa3IfBaH)eM. 3anpano, 113
(mora ce MO)Ke 1I3ByhlI 3aKJbYlIaK 11:a ormrru yrncax xoja craapa ypriana
apxirrexrypa Tleha ,T.J;aHaC npcncraan.a crroj Tpa,T.J;MlI,MOHaJIHOr,
caepesseno-xaripunaor If neyorin-iajenor.

11/3. IlPI111ITI1HA

a Ilpaurrnmr xao HaCeJl>Y y cpenn.esr sexy ce 3Ha na OCHOBy

1I1fcaHIfX, IfCTOplfjCKIfX nena. a
u.exry caanajevo If no HaIIl1CY - OIII1Cy
,T.J;BOpa cpncxnx BJIa,T.J;apa, xpan.a Crerpaua II MllJIYTIfHa If napa Crerpana
Ilymaua, O,T.J; crpaue nnaanrajcxor- napa JOBaHa VI Kanraxyanaa (1347-
1354), xoja je 1f3BeCHO npexie 60paBl10 y IlPI1111TIfHIf.2lJ 3a oaaj nnop
nocroje IIpeTIIOCTaBKe ,T.J;a ce HaJIa3lfO na MecTy rne cy Typun y XV sexy
carpanann uaxmjy H xaMaM.
Ilosnaro je ,T.J;a Ilpmuruna y cpenn.e» sexy naje lIMaJIa 3Ha1Iaj
KaKaB cy lIMaJIH Ilpnspen y lllHpeM CMHCJIy H Tleh y nepcxoxr rrOrJIeAY,
aJIl1 cy lheH KOHTlIHYlfpaHli TprOBalJKlI pasuoj If 6JIH3HHa HOBor Bpna 1I
3Be l l a H a yTHlI,aJIH na TO na aa spexre BJIaAaBliHe MHJIyTHHa, Ilymana If
lliHXOBIfX HaCJIeJ\.HIfKa IIOCTaHe Ba)KHO TprOBalJKO H pYAapCKO MeCTO.

2(, XOTeJI ..Meroxnja".

27 Kyhe aa I1H~HBH~yaJIlIO CTaHOBaIbe.
2x Po6IIa xyha, CTaM6eHe xyhe y uerrrpy Tleba.
29 K. Jnpeuex - J. Panouuh, Hciiiopuja Cptia 11, 230.
264 CepaC!)l11>1 C. HUKOJlHh

Ilyro HpeMCHa, Kp03 XII, XIII 11 XIV UCK OHa je OI1JIa rpaHlPIHO MCCTO
IBMCljy cpnCKIIX 00J1aCTl1 na cencpy II OHI1X na jyry.
TparOBI1 nnanapcxor nnopa y Flpnrurtura HUCy ovrynamr. a 0
nocrojan.y .IJ:PYrI1X, npe cnera CaKpaJIHI1X oojexara In CpC)(HlCr BCKa HC!',Ia
IIOY3/(aHI1X ca3HaH,'1. H3BCCHO je, MCl)yTIIM, na je y lhOj nocrojao uehn
6poj npaBOCJIaHHUX upxana. BpC,u,HII cy nOMCHa ABa Ba)KHa ncropnjcxa
JIOKaJIMTCTa y HlCHoj 6JIl13IIIUJ -- crapnjn 113 II nexa, na KOMC CC pa3BlUIO
PI1MCKO HaCCJbC, rpan Ulpiana (y VI BCKy. aa BpCI\lC BJIa,qaBHHC
Jycrmmjaaa, OOHOB.TbCH 1I uaanan Justiniana Secunda), 1f !\mal)u 113 XIV
BCKa - xranacmp Fpauaunna, 3a,u,y)KOlIHCKO 31«:1I-1>C xpan.a Crerpana II
Mnrryrmra. CBOj uajnysnja pasnoj Tlpmrrruua lWCTlDKC y XIV If XV BCKy,
Kana CC y H,Oj o,u,p)J(aBajy np)KaBHH cariopn n y H,Oj CTOJ'Iyjy BJ'IaJ(apH.
BCpOl~aTlW npn IIOMCHyTOM nnopy.

EJIII3I1Ha nyrcna KOjII cy B01~I1JII1 ka CCBCpy (3BC l r a H , Mnrponatra},

xa jyry (CKOIIJI,C. CC)JIyH), xa HCTOKy (HUIlI, Llapnrpan) 11 xa sanany
(J anpancxo npnsropjc), 3anIM OnH3l1Ha PY1(HHX HaJIa3HIIITa (HOBO EPAO,
TPCIPIa), pasnajenn o6mu~H TproBHHc 11 rpancxor )[(I1BOTa - YTHl~aJIH cy
ira Typcxy napennny ua y ITPUIIITHHII ycrarm BnaCT 11 no-nrc rpann.y
ofijexara sa norpcoe rpana II ynpanc."
H3 upexieua nnanauaac Typaxa o-rynanu cy yrnamroxr BCpCKlI
06jCKTlI, nasraje." HC3HaTHH ocraun xastaxra, caxar xyna, ncrrona rnaune
uapumje II BMIlIC penpcaem-aramnrx xyha sa CTaHOBaIbc:n Ilonoxcaj OBHX
o6jcKaTa yxaayjc na cc ll,CHTpaJIHO ypoauo TKMBO rpana pasnano na
TCMCJbIIIvIa cpenn.onexomtor. OHO xao TaKBO yTWIC 11 YTI1I~anO je 11 na
KacHHjM, caBpCMCHU pasnoj, llIIHChl1 Ba)KaH ccrMCHT ypoane apxm-exrype
Tlpmrrrmre.
Yp6aHo-apxwrCKTOHCKII pasnoj TIpUllITIIHC nocne ocnoooben.a on
Typaxa 0fl:HOCHO H3MCljy lV33 CBCTCKa para MO)J(C CC carnenarn na 6a3H
canynane OCHOBHC yptiane MaTpl1I~C y y)[(CM I~CHTPY rpana, aa 06jcKTMMa
.
januor, . M nepcxor xapax'repa.':"M Cl}YTIIM,
npynrrnenor k nocnc II CBCTCKor

.111Flpnurrmra 1887. rounne nocraje CCWIlTITC Koconcxor nunajern.

.11 Hajnoaaarnjc r;al>llIje cy: LIapwII lIJllT Tam uaxruju, Llapcxa «I>aTIlX-I,IaMuja) .
Jaiuap uaxmja, Ilupnnaa naanja, Km-n I,IaMIICIl (Ernnhaacxa) .
.12 Hajnosnarnju 06jCKTII c'TaM6cHC apxuTcKTypc 113 XIX BCKa cy: 3rpanCl y KOMC je
CMCIlITCH Iloxpajnncxa sanon sa 3awTIITy CUOMeHIIKCI xym'ypc, xyha EI>I11II1)UKC, xyha y
yJI. M. DOIlOImha.
.1.1 113Meljy J~Ba CBCTCKa pa'ra rpane ce 06jCKTIl gpYUITIlCH01' xapakrepa, 31'pagc y
xojmia cy n uanac 1II1CTIITYQUjC npyurruenor xapaxrepa, M)'3cj, WKOJW. cyn, XOTCJI
.•YUUOH'·. II J~p.
 Ypfiana apxtrrex'rypa Ilpmpcna, Flehn II Ilpnurrnne 265

para IlpIflIITIIHa jc BpJIO 6P30 IIOCTaJla najneha If uajxuroron.ymtaja rpan

na Kocony 11 MCTOXl1jII. OBaKo CHa:>KaH pasnoj y yp6aHoM CMIICJIy
npoII3BoA jc paAIfKaJIHIIX ypoannx peKOHCTpYKI~IIja, aJIII II npocropnor
urnpeu.a. OA xana jc 1946. Ilpl1llITIIHa fIOCTaJIa CCAHIIITC AKMO, lhCH
nan.a pasnoj H n.eua ypriana apxnrexrypa onunjajy ce y uyxy JhCHOr
npenacxonuor xapaxrepa - IIOJIHTIflIKOr, aAMIIHIICTpantI3HOL xyrrrypuor
II IIpHBpcAHor uerrrpa.
Y apxnrexrypn rpana IlPl1lIITIIHC IIOCJICAH>HX neneuuja (1970-
1990) BpJIO cy BHAHa l.ICTIfPII xapaxrepncrn-nra csojcrsa yprianor
paanoja. OCHI\f CHa:>KHlfX ypriannx pexoacrpyxunja II BCJIIIKOr unrpen.a
yprianor TKHBa, TO cy n narrraurcna y6uKar~Hja IIojCl~IIHIIX canpacaja, xojn
l.IImc none ypriane peuepc II opujcnrnpc, H crsapau,e BCJIlIKlIX 30Ha
cranosan,a.
UCHTpaJIHO ypoano TKIfBO, yrrrannoxi o-rynano OKO CaKpaJIHIfX
ofijexara, uauaja If pexoncrpyacano na IIOTC3Y crape uapuinje, lIMa y
cc6II ,r~BC OCHOBHC apxIfTcKTOHCKC 0AJIIfKC - crapo If HOBO. MCl)yTHM, osaj
rpancxn lIpOCTOp ca aTpH6yTHMa HOBOI' rpancxor uenrpa, 6C3 063Hpa na
caupxcaje H 06jCKTC Y AYXy canpexrene apxarexrype, ncnyje nenope-
l.ICHO:14
Ha nOTC31IMa rne ce rpan urapno n rne ce pa3BIUlO HOBO yptiano
TKlIBO, y CBIfM npasnaxra y OAHOCy na I~CHTpaJIHO, ca 06jcKTIfMa
pa3JIIflll1TC HaMCHC (IIpCTC:>KHO CTaM6cHHM), ocrsapena je rpancxa
apxarexrypa l.IHjH pa3BojHII nyr MO:>KCMO IIpaTIfTH OA oojexra no
oojexra." IIJIIf on 6JIOKa no anOKa, OnHOCHO on npBI1X HarOBCUITaja
MO)..(CpHC, caBpCMCHC apxarcxrypc )..(0 oojexara y nornyno canpexreno«
lWXY. Pa3JIOr TOj lllapOJIIIKOCTH, CTcnCHOBaHIfM IIal~OBnMa n ycnOI-IHMa y
apXHTCKTOHCKIIM OCTBapCI-hHMa, H3BeCHO jc, Tpc6a Tpa:>KIITH y l.HflhCHln~lI
na je rpan Ilpmuruna y OBOM pasnoon.y 6HO BCJ1HKO jyrOC.:10BCHCKO
rpanannurre, xrohan lIHBCCTHTOp, IIITO jc lIMaJ10 sa nocnenmty OCTBapCH>C
sua-rajnax npojcxara MHorIIX apXHTCKaTa II3 ~CJIC 3CMJhC.
cI>CHOMCH I~Cl-ITpa nonpy-rja KOCOBa II MCTOXIIjC, HarJIalllCHOM If
IIOMaJIO 6pyTaJIHOM apXlITCKTOHCKOM Hap~n3MY, napo-nrro je OlIlIT na

-'~ Y OKBlIPY HOBOI' rpancxor ueirrpa IIOil;IIrIlYTC cy srpana CKyUlllTIIHC, nOBa

fianKa, nonrra, pofirra xyha.
35 Pa3BojuII nyr CC MO)l(C npaTIITlI na 06jcKTlIMa KojII cy nonurnyrn y rJIaBIlOj
YJIlU~lI rpana, no-res 0)], XOTCJIa .,KOCOBCKII fiO)l(yp", XOTeJIa .Fpanu", 3I'paHC "EKcIIMKoca"
no ynpanne srpane ..EJICKTpOKocMcTa·· II HOBe IIOlllTC.
266 Ceparpas: C. HIIKOJIIIh

HCKOJII1KO pCnpC3CHTaTH13HHX oojexara." MOrJIO 6u CC pehn na cy ce na

TJIy DPHllITI1HC OrJICAaJIc "UlKO.'lC" apXIITCKaTa H.3 CBI1X sna-rajnax
jyrOCJICmCHCKIIX uenrapa. YTl1CaK KOjI1 OCTa13Jba 013a apxarexrypa jc 6C3
anyanja na HCIllTO liITO 6n I1MaJIO CJlCMCHTC .rpananaje ImH Hal~HOHaJIHOr
uyxa. TaK13II CJICMCHTl1 cy npcn03HaTJblI13II KOA BCftUX nopoAIPIHIIX,
IIH~~H13I1AyaJIHlIX xyha HJIII RIma y IlojCAUHUM cTaM6cHlHv[ nacen.nua."
IToC.TICAlbllX HCKOJIHKO n)AHHa aanaxca CC, MCi)yTlIM, nponop nncjc
KacHoMoACPHC apxnrex'rypc na pa3JIWIUTHM apxlITcKTOHCKHM 06jCKTH-
,I;
xra, on cTaM6cHlIx AO rprouauxnx." ITo ClJOpMII H lu60py OCHOBHor rpa-
hcuaacxor xrarcpajana, HCKH OA I-blIX nonpaxiajy onnnxe HCOKJIaClflIBC
apxn-rexrype, HeOCKJICKTHKC, na, rrpcxia TOMe, HOCC ncnar If rpannnno-
mUIHOr.
Ypriana apxarcxrypa ITpHIIITlIHC y ucnumr, nanac, nnje OC3
Tparvn~1I0HaJIHUr H nauuonanaor nyxa, K0.1C MO>KCMO OTKpl1Tlf caxro
mDKJbHBHM nocaarpan.exr H ACTiUbHHM aHaJIH3Hpal-bCM. C 063H.pOM aa TO
na je 6C3 1I3pa3uTc, HarJIamCHC y611Kal~ujc II narnatucne apxHTcKTOHCKC
npC,lWTaBC, lIeCTO je xiaprananna If ncnocrynua. 3Ha t I a j H o jc, MCi)YTlIl\I,
ucrabu na cy yCJIOBlf aa H,CH IIJIaCMaH y yp6aHo-apXIITCKTOHCKOM pasnojy
ITPMllITlIHC 3a13HClfJIU U Ol~ HCKHX npyUITBcHHX, 0HHOCHO couujannnx
nojana.

,(, I13pa3uTu npCUCTaBlIlllVI PCUpC3CIITaTlllHIIIX oojcxara cy: YHIIBCP3I1TCTCKa 611-

finnorexa , srpauc .JcJ\uIICTBa'", "PUJIlIIllUC", .Tana" OJ,OM IIIT:lMUC).
_,7 Tpynaunja UOP0]lIPIIIIIX xyha y CTaMOCIIIIM I1aCCJbUMa Ynnnjana 1I Ilparonan.
lX CTaM6cIIll KOMllJICKC y 6mnuuu arpane <I>1IJ103l)(pCKor. <I>I1JIOJIOIIIKOr II Ilpnpo-
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 Ypfiana apxurexrypa Ilpuspcun. Tlchn a IIpIIlIITJIHC
267

Serafim S. Nikolic

URBAN ARCHITECTURE OF PRIZREN, PEe AND PRISTINA AND ITS

TRADITIONAL AND NATIONAL ELEMENTS

Old and new urban architecture of Prizren, Pee and Pristine took rise as
product of their functions and characters. So, their both general and
architectonic development might be followed through symbols labeled by
traditional and national architecture in space and time. Connected to the old
urban material, their modern urban forms undoubtedly seem more luxury.
Considering the fact that they keep preserved forms of architecture of
multinational and multiethnic cultures, the significance of towns Pee, Prizren
(regional centers) and Pristine (political, cultural and economical center) in
region of Kosovo and Metohija is more supplied.
These towns are not only time-holders and patterns of modern development,
but they denote significant objects of architectonic development, which have
reflected to contemporary objects with their forms and traditional and national
symbols included in them.

Key words: urban architecture, traditional and national symbols, architectonic

development