Transparent:

1. Growl:
a. if an animal growls, it makes a long deep angry sound
b. The word is a classic transparent onomatopoeic word, as its sound is a
phonetic imitation of the real sound.
2. Sloth:
a. laziness
b. The word is motivated by the association between its phonetic form and
the character of the thing, that it denotes.
3. penknife
a. a small knife with blades that fold into the handle, usually carried in
your pocket
b. The word is a compound. It consists of two opaque words: pen, knife, both
of which retain their meanings in this compound.

Opaque:

1. Lord
a. a man who has a rank in the aristocracy, especially in Britain, or his title
b. The word’s origin is the OE word hlāfƿeard, a transparent compound
which merged at some point and lost its motivation.
2. Wednesday
a. a day of week
b. The word used to be motivated by a name of an pagan deity, which fell
into disuse at some point, and now, apart from the “day” part, the word is
opaque.
3. brave
a. courageous
b. The word was motivated by some strange sounds made in
incomprehensible foreign languages, but nowadays nothing of the original
meaning and motivation is left in this word.