SOLUCIÓN DEL PRIMER EXAMEN PARCIAL

PREGUNTA 01.
1. Identifique los grados de libertad y las restricciones cinemáticas de la estructura.

…………………………….gráficas…………………….

2. Calcule la matriz de equilibrio C, el vector de fuerzas de la estructura F y desplazamientos.

a) Longitudes:

Li  5.0000 5.5902 5.5902 5.0000

b) Ángulos directores de cada elemento

cos( ) sen( )   0 1.0000 

cos( ) sen( )   0.8944 0.4472 
 = 
cos( ) sen( )   0.8944 -0.4472 
   
cos( ) sen( )   0 -1.0000 

c) Matriz de equilibrio de cada elemento:

  sen( )  sen( ) cos( ) 

 cos( ) cos( ) sen( ) 

 1 0 0 
C1   
 sen( ) sen( )  cos( ) 
  cos( )  cos( ) sen( ) 
 
 0 1 0 

 0.20 0.20 0   0.08 0.08 0.89 

 0 0 1  0.16 0.16 0.44 
  
 1 0 0  1 0 0 
C1    C3   
 0.20 0.20 0   0.08 0.08 0.89 
 0 0 1  0.16 0.16 0.44 
   
 0 1 0  0 1 0 

 0.08 0.08 0.89   0.20 0.20 0 

 0.16 0.16 0.44   0 0 1 
  
 1 0 0   1 0 0
C2    C4   
 0.08 0.08 0.89   0.20 0.20 0 
 0.16 0.16 0.44   0 0 1
   
 0 1 0   0 1 0

d) Matriz de incidencia y ordenamiento:

1 2 3 4 5 6
4 5 6 7 8 9
a 
 7 8 9 10 11 12 
 
10 11 12 13 14 15
 1 2 3
4 5 6
aa   
7 8 9
 
10 11 12 

e) Matriz de equilibrio ensamblada “C”:

 0.20 0.20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0.20 0.20 0 0.08 0.08 0.89 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 1 0.16 0.16 0.44 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0.08 0.08 0.89 0.08 0.08 0.89 0 0 0 
 
C 0 0 0 0.16 0.16 0.44 0.16 0.16 0.44 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.08 0.89 0.2 0.2 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.16 0.16 0.44 0 0 1 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

f) Matiz reducida “C”, C ([1,2,3,13,14], : )=[ ]

 0.20 0.20 0 0.08 0.08 0.89 0 0 0 0 0 0 

 0 0 1 0.16 0.16 0.44 0 0 0 0 0 0 

 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0.08 0.08 0.89 0.08 0.08 0.89 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0.16 0.16 0.44 0.16 0.16 0.44 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.08 0.89 0.2 0.2 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.16 0.16 0.44 0 0 1 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 

g) Matriz de flexibilidad “J”:

para E=I=A=1unidad

 L L 
 3EI  0 
6 EI
 
J   0 
i L L
 6 EI 3EI 
 
 0 L 
0
 AE 
  1.66 -0.83 0 
J  -0.83 1.66
1
0 

 0 0 5 

 1.86 0.93 0 
J   0.93 1.86
2
0 
 0 0 5.59 

 1.86 0.93 0 
J   0.93 1.86
3
0 
 0 0 5.59 

 1.660 -0.830 0 
J   0.83
4
1.66 0 

 0 0 5 

 1.66 -0.83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 -0.83 1.66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 1.86 0.93 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0.93 1.86 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
J   
0 0 0 0 0 5.59 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1.86 0.93 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.93 1.86 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.59 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.660 -0.830 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.83 1.66 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 

h) vector de cargas debidas a la carga local

Barra 1: Barra 2:

3.33  2.50 
 0   5 
   
 0   0 
Q1    Q2   
1.67   2.50 
 0   5 
   
 0   0 

Vector De Cargas Ensamblada:

  3.33  Vector De Cargas Reducida:
 0 
   1.67 
 0   0 
   
 1.67   0 
 0   
   2.50 
 2.50   15 
 15  Q 
Q   0 
 0   2.50 
 2.50   
   5 
 5   0 
   
 0   0 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 

i) vector de deformaciones debidas a la carga local en Barras 1 Y 3.

- ya que no hay desplazamientos de nudos 𝑓 𝑟 será cero o una matriz de ceros

- 𝑓𝑙
L
1 x
m1l .o  
EI 0
(1  ) M ( x)dx
L
L
1 x
 
l .o
m2 ( ) M ( x)dx
EIL 0 L
L
1
EA 0
n1l  N l ( x)dx

matriz 𝑓 𝑟 − 𝑓 𝑙 :

 5.55 
 4.86 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 
 

f  f 
r l 0 
14.55 
 
 14.55
 0 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 
j) Ensamblando el vector b: G * x  b
 5.55  RESULTADOS:
 4.86 
 
 0   10.7 
   15.06 
 0    M1 
 0   8.72   
     M 2
 0   15.06   N1 
14.55   11.48   
    M1 
 0   10.00   M 2 
 0   11.48   
     N1 
 0   9.10   
   6.67   M 1 
b 0     M 2
 1.67   9.10   
     N1 
F   0   M1 
 0     
 0    
f  11.27 
    M 2
 2.50   54.19   N1 
 15   43.60   
     q1 
 0   0.49   
   59.53   q 2 
 2.50     q3 
 5   157.94   
     q1 
  10.50  q2 
 0 
 0   50.46   
   q3 
 56.39   q3 
Remplazando en la matriz:  25.26   
 
J C T   F   f  f 
r L
 2.50 
 *    
C 0   f   Q 

3. Trazar el diagrama de cuerpo libre de las barras indicando las fuerzas nodales.
…………………………………….Graficars…………………………………
4. Grafique los diagramas de las fuerzas internas (M,V,N) indicando claramente sus pesos, y entregue los valores los
valores de las reacciones en los apoyos de la estructura.
…………………………………….Graficars…………………………………

5. Grafique la deformada estructural, indicando claramente ángulos y deslizamientos.

…………………………………….Graficars…………………………………
PREGUNTA 02.
1. Identifique los grados de libertad y las restricciones cinemáticas de la estructura.

a) Longitudes:

Li  5.0000 5.5902 5.5902 5.0000

b) Ángulos directores de cada elemento

cos( ) sen( ) 
cos( )  1/ 2 3 / 2
 sen( )   
=  0 1 
cos( ) sen( ) 
   3/2 1 / 2 

cos( ) sen( ) 
c) Matriz de equilibrio de cada elemento:

  sen( )  sen( ) cos( ) 

 cos( ) cos( ) sen( ) 

 1 0 0 
C1   
 sen( ) sen( )  cos( ) 
  cos( )  cos( ) sen( ) 
 
 0 1 0 

 0.25 0.25 0.50  0.08 0.08 0.86 

 0.14 0.14 0.86  0.14 0.14 0.50 
   
 1 0 0   1 0 0 
C1    C3   
 0.25 0.25 0.50   0.08 0.08 0.86 
 0.14 0.14 0.86   0.14 0.14 0.50 
   
 0 1 0   0 1 0 

 0.33 0.33 0 
 0 0 1 

 1 0 0
C2   
 0.33 0.33 0 
 0 0 1
 
 0 1 0

d) Matriz de incidencia y ordenamiento:

1 2 3 4 5 6 
a   4 5 7 9 10 11
 4 5 8 12 13 14

1 2 3
aa   4 5 6
7 8 9 

e) Matriz de equilibrio ensamblada “C”:

  0.25 0.25 0.50 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0.14 0.14 0.86 0 0 0 0 0 0 

 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.33 0.33 0 0.08 0.08 0.86 
 0.14 0.14 0.86 0 0 1 0.14 0.14 0.50 
 
 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 
C 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 
 0 0 0 0.33 0.33 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.08 0.86 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 0.08 0.50 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 

f) Matiz reducida “C”, C ([1,2,9,10,11,13,14], : )=[ ]

 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.33 0.33 0 0.08 0.08 0.86 

 0.14 0.14 0.86 0 0 1 0.14 0.14 0.50 
 
C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 
 0 1 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

g) Matriz de flexibilidad “J”:

para E=I=A=1unidad

 L L 
 3EI  0 
6 EI
 
J   0 
i L L
 6 EI 3EI 
 
 0 L 
0
 AE 

 1.15 -0.57 0 
J  -0.57 1.15
1
0 
 0 0 3.46 

 1 0.50 0 
J  
2
0.50 1 0 

 0 0 1*10 ^ 20
  2 1 0
J   1 2
3
0 
 0 0 6 

 1.15 -0.57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 -0.57 1.15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 3.46 0 0 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 1 0.50 0 0 0 0 
J  0 0 0 0.50 1 0 0 0 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 1*10 ^ 20 0 0 0 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 
 
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 
h) vector de cargas debidas a la carga local
Barra 1:

 6 
0
 
0
Q1   
 6 
0
 
0

Vector De Cargas Ensamblada: Vector De Cargas Reducida:

0 0
0  6 
   
0 0
   
 6  Q0 
0 0
   
0 0
0 0
Q   
0
 6 
 
0
 
0
0
 
0
 0 
i) vector de deformaciones debidas a la carga local en la Barra 2.
- ya que no hay desplazamientos de nudos 𝑓 𝑟 será cero o una matriz de ceros

- 𝑓𝑙
L
1 x
m1l .o  
EI 0
(1  ) M ( x)dx
L
L
1 x
 
l .o
m2 ( ) M ( x)dx
EIL 0 L
L
1
EA 0
n1l  N l ( x)dx

matriz 𝑓 𝑟 − 𝑓 𝑙 :

 0 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4.5 
f r  f l   4.5
 
 0 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 
 
j) Ensamblando el vector b:

 0 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 4.5 
 4.5
 
 0 
 0 
 
 0 
b
0 
 
 0 
 
 6 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 
 
Reemplazando las matrices obtenidas en :

J C T   F   f  f 
r L

 *    
C 0   f   Q 

G * x  b
RESULTADOS:

 0  M1 
 0   M 2
   
 2.10   N1 
   
 0.000   M 1 
 9.36   M 2 
   
 0.77   N1 
 0.000   M 1 
   
 F  0   M 2
   
 f   2.10   N1 
3.64   q1 
   
 14.59   q 4 
 0.000   q5 
   
 3.64   q 6 
 5.04   q 7 
   
 1.21   q8 
 1.21   q14 
   

2. Calcule la matriz de equilibrio C, el vector de fuerzas de la estructura F y desplazamientos

3. Trazar el diagrama de cuerpo libre de las barras indicando las fuerzas nodales.
4. Grafique los diagramas de las fuerzas internas (M,V,N) indicando claramente sus pesos, y entregue los valores
los valores de las reacciones en los apoyos de la estructura.
5. Grafique la deformada estructural, indicando claramente ángulos y deslizamientos.
PREGUNTA 03.
1. Identifique los grados de libertad y las restricciones cinemáticas de la estructura.

a) Longitudes:

Li   2 5 5 

b) Ángulos directores de cada elemento

cos( ) sen( ) 
cos( ) 0 1 
 sen( )  1 1
=
cos( ) sen( )   
  0 1
cos( ) sen( ) 

c) Matriz de equilibrio de cada elemento:

  sen( )  sen( ) cos( ) 

 cos( ) cos( ) sen( ) 

 1 0 0 
C1   
 sen( ) sen( )  cos( ) 
  cos( )  cos( ) sen( ) 
 
 0 1 0 
  0.40 0.40 0 
 0 0 1

 1 0 0
C1   
 0.40 0.40 0 
 0 0 1
 
 0 1 0

 0 0 1
 0.20 0.20 0 
 
 1 0 0 
C2   
 0 0 1
 0.20 0.20 0 
 
 0 1 0

 0.20 0.20 0 
 0 0 1 

 1 0 0
C3   
 0.20 0.20 0 
 0 0 1
 
 0 1 0

d) Matriz de incidencia y ordenamiento:

1 2 3 4 5 6 
a   4 5 6 7 8 9 
7 8 9 10 11 12 

1 2 3
aa   4 5 6
7 8 9 

e) Matriz de flexibilidad de cada elemento:

 L L 
 3EI  0 
6 EI
 
J   0 
1 L L
 6 EI 3EI 
 
 0 L 
0
 3EA 
  0.83 0.41 0 
J   0.41 0.83
1
0 
 0 0 2.50 

 1.67 0.83 0
J   0.83 1.67 0
2

 0 0 5

 1.67 0.83 0
J 3   0.83 1.67 0
 0 0 5

f) Matriz rigidez de cada barra K i  C i .J i 1.C iT

 0.76 0 0.96 0.76 0 0.96 

 0 0.40 0 0 0.40 0 

 0.96 0 1.60 0.96 0 0.80 
K1   
 0.76 0 0.96 0.76 0 0.96 
 0 0.40 0 0 0.40 0 
 
 0.96 0 0.80 0.96 0 1.60 

 0.20 0 0 0.20 0 0 
 0 0.09 0.24 0 0.096 0.24 

 0 0.24 0.80 0 0.24 0.40 
K2   
 0.20 0 0 0.20 0 0 
 0 0.09 0.24 0 0.09 0.24 
 
 0 0.24 0.40 0 0.24 0.80 

 0.09 0 0.24 0.09 0 0.24 

 0 0.20 0 0 0.20 0 

 0.24 0 0.80 0.24 0 0.40 
K3   
 0.09 0 0.24 0.09 0 0.24 
 0 0.20 0 0 0.20 0 
 
 0.24 0 0.40 0.24 0 0.80 

g) Matriz rigidez ensamblada:

G
h) Matriz rigidez reducida:

 0.96 0.49 0.96 0.20 0 0 

 0 0.24 0.24 0 0.09 0.24 

 0.96 0 2.40 0 0.24 0.40 
K  
 0.20 0.09 0 0.29 0 0.24 
 0 0.24 2.40 0 0.29 0.24 
 
 0 0 0.40 0.24 0.24 1.60 
i) Vector de cargas nodales:

0
0
 
0
 
5
0
 
Q   
0
0
 
0
0
 
0
 
0
 0 

h) Vector de cargas de la barra 2 debido a la carga local:

 0 
 2.50 
 
 0 
Q 
l

 0 
 2.50 
 
 0 
i) Vector de deformaciones de la barra 2 debido a carga local:

 5.20 
f   5.20 
l

 0 

j) Vector de cargas: f l  C.J 1 * f l

 0 
 0 
 
 2.08
Cjf   
 0 
 0 
 
 2.08 

k) Vector de cargas debido a carga local: Ql  C.J 1. f l

  0 
 2.50 
 
 2.08
Q 
f

 0 
 2.50 
 
 2.08

l) vector de cargas ensamblada : Q  Q f

 0 
 0 
 
 0 
 
 5 
 2.50 
 
 2.08 
Q
0 
 
 2.50 
 2.08 
 
 0 
 
 0 
 0 

m) vector de cargas reducida con: bb  1,2,3,10,11,12  Qr

 5 
 2.50 
 
 2.08 
Q 
 0 
 2.50 
 
 2.08 

n) vector de desplazamientos: q  K 1 * Qr

 15.66 
 4.18 
 
 8.36 
qr1   
 10.64 
 16.64 
 
 0.07 

ñ) Vector de fuerzas de la estructura: F  J 1.C T .q  J 1. f l

  8.34   M 1 
 1.64   M 2 
   
 1.67   N1 
   
 1.64   M 1 
F   2.49    M 2 
   
 1.00   N1 
 2.49   M 1 
   
 2.52   M 2 
 3.32   N1 
   